Cyanea (Cyanea capillata) shine mafi girman nau'in jellyfish na teku wanda ake samu a duniya. Cyanea ɓangare ne na ɗayan gidajen "ainihin jellyfish". Fitowarta tana da birgewa kuma da alama wani abu ne mara gaskiya. Tabbas, masunta, suna tunani daban lokacin da tarunansu da waɗannan jellyfish ɗin a lokacin bazara, da kuma lokacin da zasu kare kansu ta hanyar sanya kaya na musamman da tabarau na babura don kare kwayar idanunsu daga tantin cyanea. Kuma me masu wanka suke fada yayin da suka yi tuntuɓe a kan wani abu mai gamsarwa yayin iyo sannan kuma suka lura da ƙonawa a jikin fatarsu? Kuma duk da haka waɗannan rayayyun halittu ne waɗanda muke raba sararin samaniya dasu kuma, duk da asalinsu, suna da kaddarorin da ba zato ba tsammani.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Cyanea
Arctic cyanea daidai ya kasance na farko tsakanin jellyfish, a matsayin babban wakilin jinsi. Hakanan an san shi da cyanea mai gashi ko man zaki. Tarihin juyin halitta na Cnidaria dadadden abu ne. Jellyfish sun kasance kusan shekaru miliyan 500. Cyaneans na cikin dangin Cnidarian (Cnidaria), wanda ke da jimlar nau'ikan 9000. Mafi yawan rukuni na asali shine Scyphozoa jellyfish, sunaye kimanin wakilai 250.
Bidiyo: Cyanea
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Harajin Cyanea ba shi da cikakken daidaito. Wasu masanan ilimin dabbobi sun ba da shawarar cewa ya kamata a kula da dukkan nau'ikan dake tsakanin jinsi a matsayin daya.
Cyanos ana fassara daga Latin - shuɗi, capillus - gashi. Cyanea wakilin scyphoid jellyfish ne wanda yake cikin umarnin discomedusas. Baya ga cyanea arctic, akwai wasu taxa daban daban guda biyu, a kalla a gabashin yankin arewacin tekun tlantika, tare da shudi jellyfish (Cyanea lamarckii) mai launuka daban-daban (shudi, ba ja ba) da karami girman (diamita 10-20 cm, da wuya 35 cm) ...
Ana kiran yawan jama'a a yammacin Pacific kusa da Japan a wasu lokuta azaman cyanea na Japan (Cyanea nozakii). A cikin 2015, masu bincike daga Rasha sun sanar da yiwuwar dangantakar jinsuna, Cyanea tzetlinii, da aka samo a cikin Tekun Fari, amma har yanzu ba a gano wannan ba ta sauran rumbunan adana bayanai kamar WoRMS ko ITIS.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya cyanea yake?
Jellyfish sune 94% na ruwa kuma suna da haske daidai gwargwado. Suna da yadudduka biyu. Katuwar jellyfish tana da kararrawa mai kyan gani tare da gefunan da aka zana. Theararrawar cyanea ta ƙunshi lobes takwas, kowannensu yana ƙunshe da tanti 70 zuwa 150, an tsara shi cikin layuka huɗu da aka tsara sosai. A gefen kararrawar akwai sassan jikin daidaito a kan kowane rami guda takwas tsakanin lobes - ropals, wanda ke taimakawa jellyfish don kewaya. Daga tsakiyar bakin yana faɗaɗawa, ƙarfafan makamai na baka tare da ƙwayoyin wuta masu yawa. Kusa da bakinta, jimillar adadin tantin yana ƙaruwa zuwa kusan 1200.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Oneaya daga cikin siffofin rarrabuwa na cyanea shine launinsa. Halin samar da hannayen jari shima ba sabon abu bane. Hanyoyin nematocysts na jellyfish sune mahimmancin sa. Koda mataccen dabba ko wani tanti da aka yanke zai iya yin harba.
Wasu lobes suna dauke da gabobin ji, gami da ramin kamshi, gabobin daidaito, da kuma masu karban haske. Kararrawarta galibi cm 30 zuwa 80 ne a diamita, kuma wasu mutane suna girma har zuwa matsakaicin cm 180. Hannun baki bakin ciki ne masu launin ruwan toka masu launin ja ko rawaya. Theararrawa na iya zama ruwan hoda zuwa jan zinariya ko ruwan hoda mai ruwan kasa. Cyanea ba shi da tanti mai dafi kusa da gefen kararrawa, amma yana da ƙungiyoyi takwas na tanti 150 a ƙasan laima. Wadannan tanti suna dauke da nematocysts masu inganci sosai, kamar saman saman jellyfish.
Jikin Cyanea ya ƙunshi yadudduka ɗakunan ajiya guda biyu, na waje da kuma ciki na ciki. Tsakanin su ya ta'allaka ne da wani shafi mai talla wanda baya dauke da kwayoyin halitta, mesogloe. Cikin ciki yafi kunshi rami. Ya sami ci gaba a cikin babban tsarin tashoshi. Akwai rami guda daya a waje, wanda shima yake aiki azaman bakin da dubura. Bugu da kari, sanannun hanyoyin sadarwar jijiyoyi, amma babu gabobi na zahiri.
A ina ne cyanea ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Medusa cyanea
An iyakance kewayon cyanea ga ruwan sanyi, kogin boreal na Arctic, North Atlantic da North Pacific Ocean. Wannan jellyfish ya zama ruwan dare a Tashar Ingilishi, Tekun Irish, Tekun Arewa da kuma yammacin ruwan Scandinavia kudu da Kattegat da Øresund. Hakanan zai iya shawagi zuwa yankin kudu maso yamma na Tekun Baltic (inda ba zai iya haifuwa ba saboda ƙarancin gishirin). Kamayen jellyfish - waɗanda ke iya zama iri ɗaya - an san su da zama kusa da tekun Ostiraliya da New Zealand.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi girman samfurin da aka yi rikodin, wanda aka samo a cikin 1870 a gabar Massachusetts Bay, yana da kararrawa mai faɗin diamita na mita 2.3 da kuma tanti tsawan mita 37.
Cyanean jellyfish an lura dashi na ɗan lokaci ƙasa da 42 ° arewa latitud a cikin manyan yankuna a gabashin gabashin Amurka. Ana samun su a cikin yankin ɓarke na teku kamar jellyfish, kuma kamar polyps a cikin yankin benthic. Babu wani samfurin da aka samo wanda zai iya rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai ɗorewa ko kuma a cikin ɗakunan kogi saboda suna buƙatar gishirin buɗewar teku. Cyanea kuma baya samun tushe cikin ruwan dumi, kuma idan ya sami kansa a cikin yanayi mara kyau, girmansa bai wuce rabin mita a diamita ba.
Dogayen siraran tebur da ke fitowa daga ƙaramin ƙaramin kararrawar ana kiranta da “matsera ƙwarai”. Hakanan suna da ƙwayoyin wuta. Tantiran manyan samfura na iya tsawaita zuwa 30 m ko fiye, tare da mafi shahararren samfurin, wanda aka wanke a bakin ruwa a 1870, yana da tanti mai tsawon na 37 m. duniya.
Menene cyanea ke ci?
Hotuna: Haya cyanea
Cyanea mai gashi yana da ƙarancin nasara kuma mai cin nasara. Tana amfani da ɗimbin rumfuna don kama ganima. Da zarar an kama abinci, cyanea yana amfani da tanti don kawo ganimar bakinsa. Enzymes ana narkar da abinci sannan kuma a rarraba ta cikin hanyar tashar reshe a cikin jiki. Ana rarraba abubuwan gina jiki ta hanyar tashar radial. Waɗannan tashoshin radial suna ba da jellyfish da wadatattun abubuwan gina jiki don motsawa da farauta.
Dabbobin suna rayuwa a cikin ƙananan garken tumaki kuma suna ciyarwa kusan kawai akan zooplankton. Suna kama ganima ta hanyar yadawa kamar allo kuma a hankali suna nitsewa zuwa ƙasa. Wannan shine yadda ƙananan ƙananan kaguje ke kama su a cikin shingen su.
Babban abincin ganimar cyanea sune:
- kwayoyin planktonic;
- jatan lande;
- kananan kadoji;
- sauran ƙananan jellyfish;
- wani lokacin karamin kifi.
Cyanea ya kama farautar sa, a hankali yana nitsewa, yana shimfida alfarwa a cikin da'irar, yana mai da wani irin tarko. Abincin ganima ya shiga cikin “tarun” kuma nematocysts suka gigice shi, wanda dabbar take sakawa a cikin abincin. Babban fitina ne wanda yawancin halittun ruwa ke tsoron sa. Daya daga cikin abincin da aka fi so na cyanea shine A urelia aurita. Wani mahimmin kwayoyin da ke cyane shine ctenophora (Ctenophora).
Combs suna jan hankali saboda suna kashe zooplankton a cikin al'ummomin yankin. Wannan yana da tasirin illa ga yanayin ƙasa gaba ɗaya. Wani abincin cyanea mai ban sha'awa shine Bristle-jaws. Waɗannan maharba a cikin teku masu dabara ne na farauta ta yadda suke so. Mutum na gaba da aka azabtar da jellyfish shine Sarsia, jinsi na Hydrozoa a cikin dangin Corynidae. Wannan ƙaramin jellyfish kyakkyawan abun ciye-ciye ne na katuwar cyanea.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Arctic Cyanea
Kallon cyanea kai tsaye a cikin ruwa na iya zama mai raɗaɗi yayin da suke jan jirgin da ba a iya ganinsa na tanti mai tsawon mita 3 ta cikin ruwa. An san su ne don ƙirƙirar makarantu masu tsawon kilomita waɗanda za a iya ganin su a gefen ƙasar Norway da kuma a Tekun Arewa.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Cyanea na iya zama haɗari ga masu iyo ta hanyar tuntuɓar alfarwarsa, amma baya cin abincin mutane.
Cyanei ya kasance kusan yana kusa da farfajiya, a zurfin da bai wuce mita 20 ba. Tafiyar jinkirin da suke yi a hankali tana tura su gaba, saboda haka sun dogara ne da igiyoyin ruwa don taimaka musu yin tafiya mai nisa. Jellyfish galibi ana samunsa a ƙarshen bazara da kaka, lokacin da suka yi girma zuwa girma kuma raƙuman ruwa na bakin ruwa sun fara share su zuwa gaɓar teku. A cikin yankuna da rarar abubuwan gina jiki, jellyfish na taimakawa tsarkake ruwa.
Suna karɓar kuzari galibi don motsi da haifuwa, tunda su da kansu sun ƙunshi ruwa mai yawa. Sakamakon haka, ba sa barin komai don lalata. 'Yan Cyaneans suna rayuwa ne kawai na shekaru 3 kawai, wani lokacin rayuwarsu takan kasance watanni 6 zuwa 9, kuma suna mutuwa bayan haifuwa. Zamanin polyps yana rayuwa tsawon rai. Suna iya samar da jellyfish sau da yawa kuma su kai shekarun shekaru da yawa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Giant Cyanea
Kama da laima jellyfish, cyanea mai gashi mai tsayi ne, ƙaramin polyp waɗanda ke yin hibernates a kan tekun. Bambancin jellyfish mai gashi shine cewa polyp ɗinsu tsire-tsire ne mai ɗorewa saboda haka yana iya maimaita samar da samari jellyfish. Kamar sauran jellyfish, cyanea suna iya hayayyafa ta hanyar jima'i a matakin jellyfish kuma hayayyafa ta hanyar haihuwa a matakin polyp.
Suna da matakai daban-daban guda huɗu a cikin rayuwar su ta shekara:
- matakin larva;
- mataki polyp;
- mataki ethers;
- mataki na jellyfish
An kafa ƙwai da maniyyi azaman jaka a cikin tsinkayar bangon ciki. Kwayoyin cuta na wucewa ta bakin don hadi na waje. Game da cutar cyanea, ana riƙe ƙwai a bakin bakin tanti har sai ɓarnawar ƙirar suna ci gaba. Laranyun tsirrai masu tsalle-tsalle sai su daidaita a kan mai sai su juye zuwa polyps. Tare da kowane bangare, ana samun karamar faifai, kuma idan aka samar da fayafai da yawa, babba yana tashi kuma yana iyo kamar ether. Ether yana canzawa zuwa sanannen nau'in jellyfish.
Jellyfish mata na yin ƙwai mai ƙwai a cikin tantinta, inda ƙwai ke haɓaka zuwa larvae. Lokacin da tsutsa ta isa tsufa, sai macen ta kwantar da su a wuri mai wuya, inda nan da nan tsutsar ta girma ta zama polyps. Polyps sun fara hayayyafa kamar yadda suka saba, suna kirkirar tarin kananan halittu wadanda ake kira ethers. Ephyrae na kowane mutum ya ɓarke cikin tarko inda daga ƙarshe suka girma zuwa matakin jellyfish kuma suka zama jellyfish manya.
Abokan gaba na cyane
Hotuna: Yaya cyanea yake?
Jellyfish da kansu suna da enemiesan makiya. A matsayin jinsin da yake son ruwan sanyi, waɗannan jellyfish din ba zasu iya jimre da ruwan dumi ba. Cyaneans halittu ne masu ban tsoro a mafi yawan rayuwarsu, amma suna da niyyar zama a cikin zurfafan wuraren ɓoye a ƙarshen shekara. A cikin teku mai budewa, cyanea ya zama oases na yawo ga wasu jinsuna kamar su jatan lande, stromateic, ray, zaprora da sauran nau'ikan, suna basu abinci mai dogaro da zama kariya daga masu farauta.
Cyaneans sun zama masu lalata:
- tsuntsayen teku;
- manyan kifi kamar su kifin teku na teku;
- wasu nau'ikan jellyfish;
- kunkuru.
Kunkuru na fata baya ciyarwa kusan akan cyanea cikin adadi mai yawa lokacin bazara a Gabashin Kanada. Don rayuwa, tana cin cyanide gaba ɗaya kafin ta sami lokacin girma. Koyaya, tunda yawan fatarar kunan fata karami ne, babu takamaiman matakan kariya da ake buƙatar ɗauka don rage yiwuwar cyanea ya mutu saboda yawan lambobinsa.
Kari akan haka, karamin sankara mai saurin gaske, Hyperia galba, ya zama “baƙo” na jellyfish akai-akai. Ba kawai yana amfani da cyania a matsayin "jigilar dako" ba, amma yana amfani da abincin da "mai masaukin" ya mai da hankali a cikin mashin. Wanne zai iya haifar da yunwa na jellyfish da ƙarin mutuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Medusa cyanea
Har yanzu ba a gama tantance yawan mutanen Cyanea ba ta Internationalungiyar forasashen Duniya don Kula da Yanayi, amma har yau, ba a ɗauka cewa jinsin yana cikin haɗari ba. A gefe guda, barazanar mutane, gami da malalar mai da tarkacen teku, na iya zama sanadiyar waɗannan ƙwayoyin.
Idan aka taɓa jikin mutum, zai iya haifar da ciwo na ɗan lokaci da kuma jan wuri. A karkashin yanayi na yau da kullun kuma a cikin mutane masu lafiya, cizonsu ba ya mutuwa, amma saboda yawan alfarwa bayan tuntuɓar juna, ana ba da shawarar kula da lafiya. Abinda ya fara faruwa shine bako fiye da ciwo, kuma yana kama da yin iyo a cikin ruwan dumi mai dan kadan. Ba da daɗewa ba wasu ƙananan ciwo za su biyo baya.
Yawancin lokaci babu haɗari na gaske ga mutane (banda mutanen da ke da takamaiman rashin lafiyan). Amma a cikin yanayin da wani ya ciji a mafi yawan jiki, ba kawai ta tanti mafi tsayi ba, har ma da jellyfish gaba ɗaya (gami da tanti na ciki, wanda yawansu ya kai kusan 1200), ana ba da shawarar kula da lafiya. A cikin ruwa mai zurfi, cizon mai ƙarfi na iya haifar da firgici, sannan nutsuwa.
Gaskiya mai dadi: A ranar Juli a shekarar 2010, kimanin masoya rairayin bakin teku 150 ne suka mutu sakamakon burbushin cyanea, wanda ya rabu zuwa bangarori da dama a bankin Wallis Sands State Beach da ke Amurka. Ganin girman nau'in, yana yiwuwa wannan lamarin ya faru ne ta hanyar misali guda daya.
Cyanea a ka'ida zata iya ci gaba da cnidocytes gaba daya har sai ya zama cikakkiyar wargajewa. Bincike ya tabbatar da cewa cnidocytes na iya yin aiki na dogon lokaci bayan mutuwar jellyfish, amma tare da rage yawan fitarwa. Gubobi masu guba suna da ƙarfi mai hana masu farauta. Zai iya haifar da raɗaɗi, tsawan lokaci da kuma tsananin fushi a cikin mutane. Bugu da kari, raunin jijiyoyin jiki, matsalolin numfashi da matsalolin zuciya suma suna yiwuwa ga mutane masu sauki.
Ranar bugawa: 25.01.2020
Ranar da aka sabunta: 07.10.2019 a 0:58
