Gizo-gizo raƙumi samu sunan daga hamada mazaunin. Koyaya, wannan dabbar ba gizo-gizo ba ce kwata-kwata. Saboda irin kamannin su, aka sanya su a matsayin arachnids. Bayyanan halittun suna dacewa da halayen su. Dabbobi suna da wadataccen abinci wanda zasu iya ci har sai sun zahiri sun fashe.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: gizo-gizo raƙumi
Wadannan halittu suna da sunaye da yawa - solpuga, phalanx, bihorka. Order Solifugae, wanda suka kasance a gare shi, a fassarar yana nufin "tserewa daga hasken rana." Wannan ba gaskiya bane, domin akwai jinsin rana masu son rana tsakanin gizo-gizo.
Gaskiyar Abin Sha'awa: 'Yan Afirka ana kiransu da sunan aski ko wanzami. Jama'ar sun yi imanin cewa bangon hanyoyin ɓoyayyen ɓoye sun cika da gashin mutane da dabbobi, wanda suka yanke shi da chelicera (ɓangaren bakinsu).
Wasu mutane suna kiran phalanx "kunamar iska" saboda ikon su da sauri. A Ingila, sunayen gizo-gizo raƙumi, kunamar rana, kunamar iska, gizo-gizo rana, mashahuri ne, a Tajikistan - calli gusola (kan bijimi), a ƙasashen kudanci - jan roman, baarskeerders.
Bidiyo: Gizo-gizo raƙumi
Sunayen kimiyya - Solpugida, Solpugae, Solpugides, Galeodea, Mycetophorae. Sunan "phalanx" bai dace da masana kimiyya ba saboda amfaninta da sunan Latin na rabe-raben da ake yi - Phalangida. Achungiyar ta hada da iyalai 13, har zuwa nau'ikan dubu da jinsi 140.
Mafi shahararrun wakilan solpug:
- talakawa;
- transcaspian;
- hayaki
Mafi kyawun abin da aka samo na oda shine na lokacin Carboniferous. Kwayar Protosolpugidae yanzu ana daukarta a matsayin dadadden abu kuma an bayyana ta ne saboda burbushin da aka samo a Pennsylvania. Ana samun dabbobi a cikin Cididdigar Cretaceous na Brazil, Dominican, Burmese, Amber Baltic.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya gizo-gizo raƙumi yake kama
Tsarin fasalina abu ne na musamman: yana haɗuwa da haruffa masu haɓaka da na zamani. Na farko shine tsarin tracheal - mafi haɓaka tsakanin arachnids. Na biyu shine tsarin jiki da gabbai. Bayyanar giciye ne tsakanin gizo-gizo da kwari.
Bihorks manyan dabbobi ne, jinsunan Asiya ta Tsakiya sun kai santimita 5-7 a tsayi, amma wasu basu wuce milimita 10-15 ba. Jikin elongated an rufe shi da yawancin dogon gashi da setae. Launi launin rawaya mai duhu ne, yashi, fari.
Bangaren gaban jiki, wanda chelicerae yake, an rufe shi da babban garkuwar chitinous. Tabban farfajiyar Pedipalp galibi tana aiki ne kamar yadda za a yi a gaba da abin tsoro. Gaba ɗaya, dabbobi suna da ƙafa 10. Chelicerae suna kamar pincers ko karfi. Akan tubercle din ido akwai baqatattun idanu, idanun na zahiri basu waye ba.
Idan gaba-gaba sun fi yin aiki na tabo, to a ƙafafun bayan-baya akwai ƙusoshin hannu da masu shayarwa, tare da taimakon abin da keɓaɓɓu zai iya hawa hawa saman tsaye. Ciwan fusiform yana da sassa 10 wadanda aka kirkira ta bangarorin kwakwalwa da dorsal.
Numfashin tracheal ya bunkasa sosai. Ya kunshi kututture na dogaye da rassan jirgi tare da ganuwar da ta kauri a cikin sihiri, wanda ya mamaye dukkan jikin solpuga din. Gashi mai kauri da saurin motsi na taimakawa tsoratar da abokan gaba, kamar yadda chelicerae, wanda yayi kama da kagen kaguwa kuma yana da ikon yin sautuka masu amo.
Abubuwan da ke cikin baka suna da ƙarfi sosai har suna ba da damar arachnids su yanke gashi, fuka-fukai da fur daga waɗanda abin ya shafa, su huda fata, kuma su yanke ƙasusuwan tsuntsaye. Bubble jaw jaw. Kaifin hakora a cikin baki. Gashi masu amfani sun fi na maza tsayi.
A ina gizo-gizo rakumi yake rayuwa?
Hoto: Gizo-gizo raƙumi a cikin hamada
Bihorki mazauna hamada ne, busassun wurare, yankuna masu tudu masu yanayin zafi da yanayin zafi. Wani lokaci ana iya samun su a yankuna masu yanayi. Aan nau'ikan halittu ne kaɗai suka dace da rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka. Adadi mafi girma yana mai da hankali ne a cikin Tsohuwar Duniya. Ana iya samun wakilan iyalai Eremobatidae da Ammotrechidae a cikin Sabuwar Duniya kawai.
A cikin Tsohon Duniya, ana rarraba arachnids kusan a duk Afirka, ban da Madagascar, a Kudu, Gabas da Asiya ta Tsakiya. Duk da yanayin wurin zama mai kyau, arthropods basa rayuwa a Ostiraliya da Tsibirin Pacific.
Iyalai da yawa suna zaune a cikin Palaearctic, yanki biyu a Afirka ta Kudu. Yankin ya kuma wuce zuwa Indiya, Bhutan, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, a Yammacin Turai - Balkan da Yankin Iberian, Girka, Spain. Yanayin zaman da bai dace ba ya ba mutane damar zama a cikin Arctic da Antarctica.
A cikin ƙasashen tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, bihorks suna rayuwa a cikin Asiya ta Tsakiya - a Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan. Ana samun su a cikin Transcaucasia, Arewacin Caucasus, Kalmykia, a cikin Gobi Desert, Astrakhan, a yankin Volga na ,asa, a kan Tsibirin Kirimiya. Ana samun wasu nau'in a tsawan sama da mita dubu 3 sama da matakin teku.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo gizo-gizo raƙumi. Bari muga me yake ci.
Menene gizo-gizo raƙumi ke ci?
Photo: Rakumin gizo-gizo, ko phalanx
Wadannan arachnids din suna wuce gona da iri. Suna cinye mafi bambancin halittu masu rai da zasu iya sarrafawa.
Ga mafi yawancin, wadannan kwari ne:
- gizo-gizo;
- masu kafaɗɗu;
- kunama;
- kwarkwata itace;
- Siflopendra;
- duhun beetles;
- tururuwa.
Duk da cewa glandon guba ba su cikin salpugs, arthropods na iya ƙoƙarin kashe koda ƙananan dabbobi. Manyan mutane suna kai hari ga kadangaru, kaza, da ƙananan yara. Lokacin fuskantar kunama na girman girma, yawanci cin nasara yana zuwa phalanx. Cikin sauri halittun suka kame ganima suka cinyesu da chelicera mai karfi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan aka bawa dabba da wadataccen abinci wanda ba dole bane yabi shi, gishirin gishirin zasu cinye abinci har sai cikinsu ya fashe. Kuma koda bayan wannan, zasu ci har sai sun mutu a ƙarshe.
Da rana, halittu suna ɓoyewa a ƙarƙashin duwatsu, suna rami ko huji a cikin baƙi. Wasu mutane suna amfani da mahalli iri ɗaya, yayin da wasu ke neman sabon matsuguni kowane lokaci. Arthropods suna jawo hankalin haske. Sau da yawa suna zamewa cikin haske daga wuta ko fitilu.
Wasu nau'ikan ana kiransu hive ravagers. Da daddare, sukan shiga cikin amya su kashe kwari da yawa. Bayan haka, kasan gidan ya rufe da ragowar ƙudan zuma, kuma gizo-gizo raƙumi yana kwance tare da kumbura ciki, ba zai iya barin amsar ba. Da safe, sauran ƙudan zuma suka harbe shi har lahira.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: gizo-gizo raƙumi a cikin Crimea
Bihorks suna da hannu sosai. Suna farauta galibi da daddare, kodayake akwai jinsunan rana. A cikin hunturu, arthropods hibernate, kuma wasu nau'ikan na iya yin hakan a cikin watannin bazara. Sun karɓi sunan "Kunamar iska" saboda ikonsu na yin saurin 16 kilomita cikin sa'a ɗaya. Manyan mutane sun yi tsalle sama da mita ɗaya.
Waɗannan halittu suna da rikici, amma ba da daɗaɗi ba, kodayake cizonsu na iya zama mummunan. Manyan mutane suna iya yin cizo ta fatar mutum ko ƙusa. Idan ragowar rubabbun mutanen da suka kamu da cutar suna nan kan almara, za su iya shiga cikin raunin kuma su haifar da guba ta jini, ko kuma aƙalla kumburi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai jita-jita daban-daban game da gubar dabbobi. Tsawon ƙarni da yawa, ana ɗaukar solpuga mai tsananin guba da haɗari ga rayuwar ɗan adam.
Halittar kwata-kwata baya tsoron mutane. Da daddare, phalanxes zasu iya shiga cikin alfarwar cikin sauƙi zuwa hasken wutar lantarki, saboda haka ya kamata a rufe ƙofar koyaushe. Kuma yayin hawa ciki, zai fi kyau a sake bincika ko dabbar bata gudu tare da ku ba. Dole ne a adana kayan sirri a cikin alfarwa, tunda solpuga, a gajiye bayan farautar dare, na iya hawa cikin su don hutawa.
Ba shi yiwuwa a fitar da bihorka daga cikin alfarwar. Tana da mutunci da taurin kai, saboda haka abin da ya rage shi ne kashe ta ko share ta da tsintsiya. Duk wannan kyawawa ne a yi da safofin hannu masu kauri, kuma ya fi kyau a saka wando cikin takalmi. Ya kamata a tuna cewa ba shi yiwuwa a murkushe dabba a kan yashi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Gizo-gizo raƙumi a Rasha
Da farkon lokacin saduwa, mace zata fara fitar da wani kamshi na musamman, wanda namijin ke jika da taimakon farji. Ana yin jima'i a cikin dare, bayan haka dole ne namiji ya yi ritaya da sauri, yayin da mace ta fara nuna alamun tashin hankali.
Takin mace mai takin zamani yana da yawan kuzari. A lokacin yin kwaro, suna da saurin wucewa cewa namiji dole ne ya ja su. Amma a ƙarshen aikin, mata suna da kuzari sosai cewa namiji dole ne ya ɗauki ƙafafunsa don kada ya zama abun ciye-ciye.
Namiji yana sakin kwayar halittar spermatophore mai danko a kasa, ya tattara shi tare da chelicera sannan ya saka a cikin buda al'aurar mace. Tsarin yana ɗaukar mintoci da yawa. Motsin namiji yayin saduwa yana da kyau. Idan aikin ya fara, namiji ba zai gama shi ba, koda kuwa an cire mace ko kwayayen halittar daga gareshi.
Mace mai ciki ta fara ciyarwa sosai, bayan ta ciro rami ta sa ƙwai 30-200 na nau'uka daban-daban a ciki. Ci gaban amfrayo yana farawa koda a cikin oviducts na mace, sabili da haka, bayan makonni 2-3, an haifi ƙananan gizo-gizo.
Da farko, samari ba su da motsi, ba tare da gashi ba, an rufe su da bakin ciki. Bayan 'yan makonni, narkar da jiki ya fara, mahallin ya yi tauri, jariran sun girma tare da gashi kuma sun yi motsi na farko. Da farko, mace tana kula da zuriyar, tana neman abinci har sai yaran sun sami ƙarfi.
Makiyan makiya na gizo-gizo raƙumi
Hotuna: Yaya gizo-gizo raƙumi yake kama
Shaggy solpug, haɗe tare da kaifi, saurin motsi da girma mai ban sha'awa, yana da tasirin tsoro akan makiya. Halittun suna da tsananin tashin hankali cewa kowane motsi a kusa ana ɗaukarsa a matsayin haɗari. Sun zabi dabarun kai hari kuma kai tsaye zasu kaiwa abokan gaba hari.
Yayin ganawa da abokan gaba, halittun suna daukar wani yanayi mai ban tsoro: suna daga bangaren gaba kuma suna sanya faratan bude-bude gaba, suna daga gwatansu na gaba suna matsawa zuwa ga abokan gaba. A lokaci guda, suna yin kururuwa don barazanar ko ihu da ƙarfi, suna yin sautuna ta hanyar shafa chelicera ga juna.
Abubuwan da ke faruwa suna da makiya da yawa:
- manyan gizo-gizo;
- kadangaru;
- 'yan amshi;
- dawakai;
- badgers;
- beyar, da dai sauransu.
Don kare kansu daga haɗari, arachnids suna haƙa ramuka a zurfin zuwa 20 santimita, tsawon mita da yawa. Ana rufe mashin ta hanyar cika shi da busassun ganye. Idan abokin hamayya yayi yawa kuma solpugi yana shakkar nasarar su, ikon tsallake nesa da kuma sauƙin hawa saman saman ya zo wurin ceto.
Idan aka kai musu hari, halittun zasu fara kare kansu da amfani da fika masu karfi. Abubuwan da ke faruwa suna da kyakkyawar damar jurewa da kunama, kodayake yana da guba sosai da haɗari. Dabbobi suna da rikici har ma da juna.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: gizo-gizo raƙumi
Adadin gizo-gizo raƙumi an kiyasta zuwa nau'in 700-1000. Babu cikakken bayani game da yawan mutane, amma a wasu shekarun yana girma sosai ta yadda gungun mutane suna kai hari gidajen mutum a zahiri, suna rarrafe cikin tagogin ajar, kofofi da kowane kogi. Yawan jama'a ba shi da yawa. Binciko na abubuwan canzawa a cikin yini suna kai ga gano mutane fiye da 3.
A cikin 2018, a cikin yankin Volgograd, dabbobi sun yawaita sosai a yankin gonar Shebalino wanda yasa suka tsorata mazauna yankin. Sau da yawa Crimean saltpuga yakan lalata ragowar masu yawon buɗe ido, ba tare da jinkirin daidaitawa kan wutar ba. An shawarci waɗanda suke da kwanciyar hankali da irin wannan yanayin su kasance cikin nutsuwa.
Abubuwan da ke haifar da barazanar sun hada da lalata kwayoyin halittu, ci gaban yankunan da suka dace da zama, nome filayen amfanin gona, kiwo na dabbobi, lalata bil'adama saboda tsoron kada cizon ya ci. Matakan kiyayewa da aka ba da shawarar sun mai da hankali kan kiyaye shimfidar wurare, gami da wuraren zama.
Gizo-gizo raƙumi - wata halitta ta musamman, mai zafin rai da rashin tsoro. Ba su jin tsoron afka wa abokan adawar sau 3-4 girmansu. Akasin duk tatsuniyoyin da aka kirkira a kusa da wadannan dabbobi, a zahiri basu da hatsari ga mutane. Idan ba za a iya kauce wa cizon ba, to ya isa a wanke rauni da sabulu mai kashe kwayoyin cuta kuma a bi shi da maganin kashe kwayoyin cuta.
Ranar bugawa: 01/16/2020
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/15/2019 a 17:14
