Kogon bear shine kakan beyar zamani. Ya sami sunan ne saboda ragowar wadannan dabbobi masu karfi ana samunsu galibi a kogwanni. Misali, an gano kogon beyar a Romania, inda aka samu kasusuwan bear sama da 140. An yi amannar cewa a cikin rami mai zurfi, dabbobi sun zo su mutu lokacin da suka fara jin kusancin ƙarshen rayuwarsu.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Cave Bear
Bakin kogon wani yanki ne na zamanin da mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa wanda ya bayyana a yankin Eurasia sama da shekaru dubu 300 da suka gabata, kuma ya bace a lokacin Tsakiyar da Late Pleistocene - shekaru dubu 15 da suka gabata. An yi imanin cewa ya samo asali ne daga beran Etruscan, wanda shi ma ya ɓace tuntuni kuma ba a yi karatu sosai a yau ba. Abin sani kawai shine ya rayu a yankin Siberia na zamani kimanin shekaru miliyan 3 da suka gabata. Ragowar burbushin beyar kogo galibi ana samunsa a yankin kalat, karst dutse.
Bidiyo: Kogon Bear
Da yawa yawancin beyar da suka mutu 'Pleistocene' ana daukar su beyar kogo ne:
- beran Deninger, wanda ya samo asali daga farkon Pleistocene na Jamus;
- beararamin kogon dutsen - ya rayu a cikin mashigar Kazakhstan, Ukraine, Caucasus kuma ba shi da alaƙa da kogwanni;
- Bedi na Kodiak daga Alaska suna kusa da beyar kogo a cikin halayensu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An yi imanin cewa mazaunan Turai na zamanin da ba kawai sun farautar dutsen kogon ba, har ma suna bautar da shi na dogon lokaci a matsayin abin girmamawa.
Nazarin kwayar halittar kwanan nan na ragowar wadannan dabbobin ya nuna cewa beyar kogon da bear mai launin ruwan kasa ya kamata a dauki 'yan uwan juna na biyu kawai.
Kimanin shekaru miliyan daya da rabi da suka wuce, wasu rassa sun rabu daga itacen asalin zuriyar:
- na farko ya samu wakilcin beran kogo;
- na biyu, kimanin shekaru 500 da suka gabata, ya kasu kashi biyu zuwa beyar da launin ruwan kasa.
- mai lalata launin ruwan kasa, duk da irin kamanninta na musamman da mai farautar kogon, dangi ne mafi kusa da jakar polar.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya kogon dutsen kama
Bears na zamani sun fi ƙasa da bera cikin nauyi da girma. Irin waɗannan manyan jinsunan zamani na dabbobi kamar grizzly ko kodiak sun fi ƙarancin sau ɗaya da rabi girma fiye da beyar da ta gabata. An yi imanin cewa dabba ce mai iko sosai tare da haɓaka tsokoki da kauri, gashi mai launin ruwan kasa mai tsayi. A tsohuwar kwancen kafa, ɓangaren gaba na jiki ya fi baya baya, kuma ƙafafu suna da ƙarfi da gajeru.
Kokarin beyar na da girma, goshinsa yana da matukar tsayi, idanunsa karami ne, kuma makogwaronsa masu karfi ne. Tsawon jikin ya kai kimanin mita 3-3.5, kuma nauyin ya kai kilogiram 700-800. Maza sun fi na bera yawa. Bears Cave ba su da haƙoran ƙarfe na gaba, wanda ya bambanta su da dangin zamani.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bearogon kogon yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi girma da girma mafi girma da suka taɓa rayuwa a duniya a duk tsawon rayuwarta. Shi ne ya mallaki mafi girman kwanyar kansa, wanda a cikin manyan mazan da suka manyanta na jima'i zai iya kaiwa 56-58 cm a tsayi.
Lokacin da ya kasance a kan dukkan ƙafafu huɗu, shagulgulansa, ƙarfin ikonsa ya kasance a matakin kafadar ɗan kogo, amma, duk da haka, mutane sun koyi yin nasarar farautarsa. Yanzu kun san yadda beran kogo yake. Bari mu ga inda ya zauna.
A ina kogon dutsen ya rayu?
Hotuna: Kogon Bear a Eurasia
Bears Bears sun zauna a Eurasia, ciki har da Ireland, Ingila. Yawancin tseren wuri an kafa su a yankuna daban-daban. A cikin kogon alpine masu yawa, waɗanda suke a tsawan sama da mita dubu uku sama da matakin teku, kuma a cikin tsaunukan Jamus, an sami yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsin. A kan yankin ƙasar Rasha, an sami beyar kogo a cikin Urals, a fili na Rasha, da Zhigulevskaya Upland, a cikin Siberia.
Waɗannan dabbobin daji sun kasance mazaunan gandun daji da tsaunuka. Sun fi son zama a cikin kogo, inda suka yi hunturu. Bears galibi suna nitsewa cikin zurfafan kogo, suna yawo dasu cikin cikakken duhu. Har zuwa yanzu, a cikin matattun wurare da yawa, ƙananan ramuka, ana samun shaidar zaman waɗannan tsoffin halittu. Baya ga alamun kambori, an kuma samu kasusuwan bears na ruɓaɓɓu rabin a kan rumbunan kogon, waɗanda suka ɓace a cikin manyan hanyoyi kuma suka mutu ba tare da samun hanyar dawowa hasken rana ba.
Akwai ra'ayoyi da yawa game da abin da ya jawo su zuwa wannan haɗari mai haɗari a cikin cikakken duhu. Wataƙila waɗannan mutane marasa lafiya ne waɗanda ke neman mafakarsu ta ƙarshe a can, ko beyar suna ƙoƙari su sami wasu keɓaɓɓun wuraren da za su zauna. Na baya yana tallafawa da gaskiyar cewa an kuma gano ragowar matasa a cikin ramuka masu nisa wanda ya ƙare da ƙarshen matattu.
Menene kogon dutsen ya ci?
Hotuna: Cave Bear
Duk da girman ban mamaki da kuma fitowar bayyanar dutsen kogon, yawanci abincinsa ya kunshi na tsire-tsire, kamar yadda ake nunawa ta mummunan molar. Wannan dabbar dabba ce mai matukar jinkiri kuma ba mai saurin tashin hankali wacce ke yawan cin 'ya'yan itace, saiwa, zuma da wasu lokuta kwari, kuma tana kama kifi a kan rafin koguna. Lokacin da yunwa ta kasa jurewa, zai iya afkawa mutum ko dabba, amma yana da hankali sosai wanda kusan duk wanda yake fama dashi yana da damar guduwa.
Beran kogon yana buƙatar ruwa mai yawa, don haka don mazauninsu sun zaɓi kogon dutse tare da saurin isa ga tafkin ƙasa ko rivulet. Bears na buƙatar wannan musamman, tunda ba za su iya kasancewa daga ɗiyansu na dogon lokaci ba.
Sananne ne cewa manyan Bears da kansu sune abin farautar mutanen zamanin da. Fat da naman waɗannan dabbobin suna da amfani musamman, fatunsu suna yi wa mutane aiki kamar tufafi ko gado. Kusa da wuraren zama na mutumin Neanderthal, an gano adadi mai yawa na ƙasusuwan beyar kogo.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tsoffin mutane sau da yawa sukan fitar da kwancen kafa daga kogon da suke zaune sannan kuma su mamaye kansu, suna amfani da su a matsayin wurin zama, amintaccen mafaka. Beyar ba ta da ƙarfi a mashi da wuta ta mutane.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Extarshen Kogon Bear
A cikin lokutan rana, beran kogo suna tafiya a hankali cikin daji don neman abinci, sannan suka sake komawa cikin kogon. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa waɗannan tsoffin dabbobin ba su cika yin shekaru 20 da haihuwa ba. Karkoki, zakoki kogo, sun far wa marasa lafiya da raunana, sun zama ganima mai sauƙi ga tsohuwar kuraye. Don hunturu, ƙattai kofa koyaushe suna hibernate. Waɗannan mutanen da ba su sami madaidaicin wuri a cikin tsaunuka ba, sun shiga cikin dazuzzuka na kurmi kuma suka shirya rami a wurin.
Binciken kasusuwa na tsoffin dabbobi ya nuna cewa kusan kowane mutum yana fama da cututtukan "kogo". A kan kwarangwal na bears, alamomin rheumatism da rickets an samo su azaman abokan ɗakuna masu ɗumi. Kwararru galibi suna samun ƙwararrun ƙwayoyin cuta, haɓakar ƙashi, jujjuyawar jijiyoyi da ciwace-ciwacen da suka kamu da cututtukan muƙamuƙi. Dabbobin da suka raunana sun kasance mafarauta marasa kyau lokacin da suka bar mafakarsu cikin daji. Sau da yawa suna fama da yunwa. Ba shi yiwuwa a sami abinci a cikin kogon kansu.
Kamar sauran wakilan dangin beyar, maza suna yawo cikin kadaici mai ban sha'awa, kuma mata a cikin ƙungiyar beran. Duk da cewa yawancin beyar ana ɗaukarsu da miji ɗaya, ba su samar da nau'i-nau'i ba don rayuwa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: caveauren kogo na prehistoric
Beyar kogon mace ba ta haihuwa ba kowace shekara ba, amma sau ɗaya a kowace shekara 2-3. Kamar bera na zamani, balaga ta ƙare da kimanin shekaru uku. Mace ta kawo cuba 1-2an 1-2 a cikin ɗayan ciki. Namiji bai shiga wani ɓangare a rayuwarsu ba.
Kubiyoni an haifesu gaba daya marasa taimako, makafi. Uwar gidan kogon koyaushe tana zaɓar irin waɗannan kogunan don a sami maɓuɓɓugar ruwa a ciki, kuma tafiya zuwa wurin shayarwar ba ta ɗauki lokaci mai yawa ba. Hadari ya lulluɓe ko'ina, don haka barin zuriyarka ba tare da kariya ba na dogon lokaci yana da haɗari.
Domin shekaru 1.5-2, matasa suna kusa da mace kuma, kawai sai, suka bar girma. A wannan matakin, yawancin yara sun mutu a cikin fika, a cikin bakin wasu masu farauta, waɗanda akwai su da yawa a zamanin da.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A baya a farkon karni na 18, masana binciken burbushin halittu sun gano tsaffin tsaunukan yumbu da ba a saba gani ba a gabar kogunan tsaunuka da koguna a kogunan Austria da Faransa. A cewar masana, beran kogo ya hau kansu a lokacin doguwar tafiya ta karkashin kasa sannan ya birgima cikin jikin ruwa. Ta haka ne, suka yi ƙoƙarin yaƙar ƙwayoyin cutar da ke addabar su. Sun aiwatar da wannan aikin sau da yawa. Sau da yawa akwai alamun manyan ƙusoshin ƙafafunsu a tsayin sama da mita biyu daga bene, a kan tsaffin tsaffin manyan koguna.
Makiyan makiya na kogon bear
Hoto: Babban kogo
A cikin manya, lafiyayyun mutane babu kusan abokan gaba a cikin mazauninsu sai na mutumin da. Mutane sun hallaka gaggan ƙattai da yawa, suna amfani da namansu da kitse don abinci. Don kama dabbar, an yi amfani da ramuka masu zurfin, wanda aka tura shi tare da taimakon wuta. Lokacin da beran suka fada tarko, sai a kashe su da mashi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bears Bears sun ɓace daga duniyar duniyar da wuri sosai fiye da zakunan kogo, mammoths, da Neanderthals.
Wasu beraye, marasa lafiya da tsofaffin beyar sun yi ta farautar su, gami da zakunan kogo. La'akari da cewa kusan kowane mutum baligi yana da cutuka masu tsanani kuma yunwa ta raunana shi, to masu cin nama sau da yawa sukan sami damar buga katuwar beyar.
Duk da haka, babban abokin gaba na kogon dutsen, wanda ya yi tasiri ga yawan waɗannan ƙattai kuma ya lalata shi, ba tsohon mutum ba ne, amma canjin yanayi ne. Sannu-sannu matakai masu sauyawa sun maye gurbin dazuzzuka, akwai karancin abincin tsirrai, kogon kogon ya zama mai matukar rauni, kuma ya fara mutuwa. Wadannan halittun sun kuma farautar dabbobi masu kofato, wanda aka tabbatar da kashinsu wanda aka samu a cikin kogon da bera suke rayuwa, amma farautar ta kare cikin nasara ba safai ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Cave Bear
Bears Cave ya ɓace shekaru dubbai da suka wuce. Har yanzu ba a tabbatar da ainihin dalilin batan su ba, wataƙila haɗuwa ce da abubuwa masu yawa. Masana kimiyya sun gabatar da zato da yawa, amma babu ɗayansu da ke da tabbatacciyar shaida. A cewar wasu masana, babban dalilin shi ne yunwa saboda canjin yanayin canjin. Amma ba a san dalilin da ya sa wannan ƙaton ya rayu shekaru da yawa na kankara ba tare da lalacewar mutane da yawa ba, kuma ba zato ba tsammani wannan ya mutu.
Wasu masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa yadda tsohon mutum yake zaune a mazaunin da ke tattare da beyar kogo ya haifar musu da sannu a hankali. Akwai ra'ayi cewa mutane ne suka hallaka waɗannan dabbobin, tunda naman su yana kasancewa koyaushe a cikin abincin tsoffin baƙi. Dangane da wannan sigar ita ce gaskiyar cewa a lokacin yawan mutanen ya yi ƙanƙanta idan aka kwatanta da yawan ƙattai na kogon.
Abu ne mai wahala ka iya gano dalilin. Wataƙila, kasancewar mutane da yawa suna da irin wannan nakasa ta ƙasusuwa da haɗin gwiwa ta yadda ba za su iya ci gaba da farauta da ciyarwa ba, ya zama sauƙin ganima ga sauran dabbobi, shi ma ya taka rawa a ɓacewar ƙattai.
Wasu tatsuniyoyi na mummunan hydra da dodanni sun tashi bayan abubuwan da aka gano na tsoffin kwanya, ƙasusuwa kogo bear. Yawancin maganganun kimiyya na tsakiyar zamanai suna ba da labarin ragowar beyar kamar yadda suke yi da ƙasusuwan dodanni. A cikin wannan misalin, zaku iya ganin cewa tatsuniyoyin mummunan dodanni na iya samun asali daban daban.
Ranar bugawa: 28.11.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 12/15/2019 a 21:19
