Zakin dutse

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Zakin dutse - wannan kyanyar tana da sunaye fiye da kowane mai shayarwa. Amma duk abin da kuka sa masa suna, wannan kyanwa ɗaya ce, Puma concolor, babban wakilin ƙananan jinsunan kyanwa. Me yasa yake da sunaye da yawa? Mafi mahimmanci saboda yana da irin wannan babban mazaunin, kuma mutane daga ƙasashe daban-daban suna kiranta ta hanyar su.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: Zakin dutse

Zakin dutse babban katon kyanwa ne mai ɗaukaka ga dangin dangi. An kuma kira su cougars, panthers, da cougars. Kodayake zakunan dutse manyan kuliyoyi ne, ba a sanya su a cikin "manyan kuliyoyi" ba. Maimakon haka, suna ɗaya daga cikin manyan kuliyoyi a cikin "ƙaramin kyanwa", kodayake wasu daga cikinsu na iya dacewa da girman damisa.

Bidiyo: Mountain Lion

Aya daga cikin dalilan da yasa ba a sanya wannan babban kuma mai iko a matsayin ɗayan manyan kuliyoyi a duniya shine saboda zaki mai tsauni ba zai iya yin kuwwa ba. Legsafafun bayan baya masu ƙarfi na zakunan dutse suna da murza jiki cewa ba kawai za su ba su damar yin farauta ne a kan abincinsu ba kuma su tabbatar da amincinsu, amma kuma suna da damar yin tsalle mai nisa.

Ofaya daga cikin shahararrun ƙasashe na cougar shine Florida panther, wanda shine mafi ƙarancin nau'in cougar da kuma mafi ƙarancin. An yi amannar cewa yana kan hanyar ƙarewa, wannan dabba mai haɗari tana da ɗan ƙaramin rudu a kan gashin da ke bayanta tare da wuri mai duhu a tsakiyar.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sunan kimiyya Puma concolor ya ɗan rikice saboda ba cikakke yake ba. Concolor yana nufin "launi daya", amma wannan ba gaskiya bane: zakunan samari suna da launi ɗaya, kuma manya suna da haɗin inuwa, tare da inuwar gabaɗaya daga launin toka zuwa tsatsa.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hoto: Yaya zaki mai kama

Zakin zaki suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan jiki irin na kuliyoyin gida, a kan sikelin girma. Suna da siraran jiki da kawuna masu kunnuwa. Suna tsakanin 1.5-2.7 m daga kai zuwa wutsiya. Duk da yake maza na iya yin nauyi zuwa kilogiram 68, mata na yin nauyi kaɗan, suna kaiwa kusan kusan kilogiram 45.

An gina zakunan tsauni da kyau, suna da manyan ƙafa da ƙafafu masu kaifi. Legsafafunsu na baya sun fi ƙafafunsu na gaba girma da muscular, yana ba su ƙarfin tsalle. Zakin tsaunuka na iya tsalle mita 5.5 daga ƙasa zuwa bishiyoyi, kuma za su iya yin tsayin mita 6.1 daga sama ko ƙasa tudu, wanda shi ne tsayin gine-gine masu hawa biyu da yawa. Hakanan zakunan tsaunuka suna da ƙarfin gudu da sauri kuma suna da sassauƙa irin na cheetah wanda ke taimaka musu matsawa kusa da cikas da sauya alkibla da sauri.

Gashin zaki na dutsen yana da launin toka-toka-zuwa-ja zuwa ja-ja-ja-ja da sassa masu haske a ƙasan. Wutsiya tana da tabo baƙi a ƙarshen. Bakin fuska da kirji farare ne, tare da alamun baƙi a fuska, kunnuwa da ƙarshen jelar. Kittens na zaki suna da tabo baƙi har sun kai kimanin watanni 6.

Yanayi da yanayi, inuwar launin ruwan kasa ta fara ne daga launin toka zuwa ruwan kasa mai launin ja, kuma an ba da rahoton wasu baƙin cougars. Hanyoyin launuka a fuska suma na iya bambanta. Ideasan yana da haske fiye da na sama. Doguwar wutsiya galibi baƙar fata ce kuma galibi tana tsayawa kusa da ƙasa lokacin da zaki mai tsauni yake tafiya.

Jawananan muƙamuƙin gajere ne, mai zurfi da ƙarfi. Hakoran Carnassial suna da girma da tsawo. Canines suna da nauyi kuma suna da ƙarfi. Abubuwan da ke ciki sun kasance ƙananan kuma madaidaiciya. Lions na dutse suna da wani ƙaramin premolar a kowane gefen babba na sama, ba kamar lynx ba.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Takun sawun zaki na dutse suna barin yatsun kafa huɗu a ƙafafun na gaba da yatsun kafa huɗu a baya. Ba a nuna ƙafaffun da za a iya ja da su a kan kwafi.

A ina zaki ke zama?

Hotuna: Amurka Mountain Lion

An yi imanin zaki na dutse yana ɗaya daga cikin masu saurin daidaitawa, kamar yadda ake samun su a cikin wuraren zama daban-daban. Koyaya, tare da fadada ƙauyuka da share fili don aikin noma, ana tura zaki zaki zuwa ƙananan ƙananan yankuna na tarihi mai girma, yana komawa zuwa cikin mawuyacin yanayin tsaunuka wanda yafi nesa da mutane. Akwai raƙuman raƙuman zaki shida, waɗanda aka rarraba a wurare kamar:

  • Kudu da Amurka ta tsakiya;
  • Meziko;
  • Yammacin Amurka da Arewacin;
  • Florida.

Zakin zakuna suna yawo a wuraren da ba za a gan su ba, kamar duwatsu masu duwatsu ko kuma gandun daji masu duhu. Galibi ba sa faɗar da mutane sai dai idan sun ji tsoro ko barazana. Yawancin yawancin zaki na tsaunuka ana samun su a yammacin Kanada, amma kuma an gan shi a kudancin Ontario, Quebec, da New Brunswick. Zakin tsaunuka suna da mahimmanci a matsayin manyan masu farauta a cikin yanayin halittar da suke rayuwa. Suna ba da gudummawa ga kula da yawan jama'a.

Duk da yake harin zaki a kan mutane ba safai ba ne, sun karu a cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata. Kamar yadda yake da yawancin kashe-kashen dabbobi, zakin tsaunin da ke afkawa mutane yawanci dabba ce mai yunwa da wasu mazaje masu rinjaye ke turawa cikin ƙauyukan da aka ware.

Amma mamayewar mutane ne na yankin zaki na dutse wanda ke haifar da mazaunin zaki mai tsauni. Yawancin mutane suna hutawa kuma suna rayuwa a yankunan karkara, hakan shine mafi girman yiwuwar haɗuwa da waɗannan dabbobin. Koyaya, tare da wasu kiyayewa, mutane da zakunan dutse zasu iya zama tare.

Yanzu kun san inda zaki ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kyanwar daji take ci.

Menene zaki mai dutse yake ci?

Hotuna: Zakin dutse daga littafin Red Book

Zakin tsaunuka suna farauta a wani yanki mai girma, kuma zai iya ɗaukar memba ɗaya daga cikin jinsin a mako guda don yawo cikin gidan gaba ɗaya. Zakin tsauni suna cin ganima daban-daban dangane da wurin da suke zaune. Asali, zaki mai tsauni zai ci kowace dabba da ta kama, har ma da babba kamar gora.

Abincinsu na iya zama:

  • barewa;
  • aladu;
  • capybaras;
  • raccoons;
  • armadillos;
  • kurege;
  • sunadarai.

Zakin tsaunuka suna son farauta, duk da cewa suna cin ƙananan dabbobi kamar su coyotes, porcupines, da raccoons. Suna yawan yin farauta da daddare ko kuma a lokutan duhu na fitowar rana da faduwar rana. Wadannan kuliyoyin suna amfani da cakuda stealth da ƙarfi don farauta. Zakin tsaunin zai bi abin farautarsa ​​ta hanyar daji da bishiyoyi da kan tuddai kafin ya hau kan wanda aka azabtar da ƙarfi ya kawo cizon wuyansa. Spinewayar dabbar da ke canzawa ta dace don wannan dabarar kisan.

An sani cewa lokacin da babban abin farauta ya mutu, zaki zaki ya rufe shi da daji kuma ya dawo ya ciyar cikin 'yan kwanaki. Suna ba da tallafin abincin su da manyan kwari da ƙananan beraye. Amfani da abinci na shekara-shekara ya fara daga 860 zuwa kilogiram 1300 na manyan dabbobi masu cin nama, kimanin ungulu 48 a kowace zaki a shekara.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Zakunan tsaunuka suna da hangen nesa musamman ma galibi suna samun abin farautar su ta hanyar kallon motsawa. Wadannan kuliyoyin suna farauta sosai a lokacin faduwar rana ko wayewar gari.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Photo: Zakin dutse a lokacin sanyi

Zakin tsaunuka dabbobi ne na ƙasa, kuma yankin ya dogara da ƙasa, ciyayi da yalwar ganima. Zakin tsaunuka suna guje wa yankunan da ke da ƙauyukan mutane. Yankunan mata yawanci suna ɗaukar rabin yankuna maza.

Zakin tsaunuka suna aiki sosai a wayewar gari da faduwar rana. Zakin tsaunuka masu kama-karya ne, wanda ke nufin sun dogara ne da wayo da abun mamaki don kama farautar su - da farko barewa da doki, wani lokacin farji ko doki, wani lokacin kuma ƙanana nau'ikan kama da beraye. zomaye, beavers, ko ma ɓeraye.

Suna zaune cikin manyan yankuna wadanda yawanci siffa ce mai zagaye. Yankin yankuna masu tsoratarwa da lambar su ya dogara da yawan ganima, ciyayi da ƙasa. Idan akwai ƙarancin samarwa a cikin wani yanki, girman kowane yanki zai zama babba. Ba su da rami na dindindin, amma ana samun su a cikin kogwanni, a tsakanin manyan duwatsu da cikin ciyayi masu dausayi. Zakin tsaunuka sukan yi ƙaura zuwa cikin tsaunuka a cikin hunturu, galibi don farauta.

Zakin tsaunuka wasu kuliyoyi ne da ake ji da su wadanda sanannun sananniyar haushi ne, kara, tsafta, da kururuwa. Tunda suna da mafi girman ƙafafun kafa na baya a cikin gidan kuliyoyi, zakuna masu tsauni suna sarrafa tsalle sosai - har zuwa mita 5.4. Za'a iya auna tsalle daga kwance daga mita 6 zuwa 12. Su kuliyoyi masu saurin gaske haka kuma masu kyau masu hawa hawa kuma sun san yadda ake iyo.

Zakin tsaunuka sun fi dogaro da gani, wari da ji. Suna amfani da ƙananan huɗa, ihu, purrs da ihu a cikin yanayi daban-daban. Ana amfani da ƙarfi, sautuka don kiran uwa. Tabawa yana da mahimmanci a cikin zamantakewar zamantakewar uwa da ɗiya. Alamar ƙanshi yana da mahimmanci dangane da keɓance yanki da lafiyar haihuwa.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Photo: Zakin dutse a yanayi

Zakin dutse a cikin daji ba zai sadu ba har sai ya kafa yankin gida. Zakin tsaunuka suna fara kiwo kusan shekara 3. Kamar sauran felan adam, an haifi liona lionan zaki a makafi kuma ba su da komai gaba ɗaya makonni biyu na rayuwa, har sai idanunsu shuɗe sun buɗe.

Ana yaye Kubiyoyi daga mahaifiyarsu cikin watanni 2-3. Sabon zakunan tsaunin da aka haifa suna da tabo wanda ke taimaka musu haɗuwa da ciyawa da kuma hasken rana. Idanunsu kuma suna canzawa daga shudi zuwa rawaya lokacin da suka kai watanni 16.

A watanni 18, kuliyoyi kuruciya sukan bar mahaifiyarsu don kula da kansu. Mahaifiyar tana basu abinci na kimanin watanni 3, amma suna fara cin nama da misalin sati 6. A cikin watanni 6, wurarensu sun fara ɓacewa kuma ana koya musu farauta. Kubiyoyi suna zaune tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa watanni 12-18.

'Ya'yan zaki na tsaunuka sun fi mugunta da' ya'yan kuliyoyi da yawa - ba sa iya cin nasara tun daga haihuwarsu, kuma duk ƙoƙarin da aka yi na yin abota da zakin dutse kamar ya faskara. Zakin tsaunuka dabbobi ne na namun daji ta wata hanyar da ba a saba da ita ba, kuma ba su da wata ma'ana ta asali.

Zakin zaki suna yin kiwo duk shekara, amma lokacin kiwo yakan kan faru tsakanin Disamba da Maris. Mata zakuna mata sukan haihu duk bayan shekaru biyu. A cikin daji, zaki mai dutse zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10. A cikin bauta, suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 21.

Abokan gaba na zakunan dutse

Hotuna: Zakin Mountain a Amurka

A mafi yawancin lokaci, zaki mai tsauni bashi da abokan gaba na halitta kuma yana saman jerin abincin. Koyaya, wani lokacin suna gasa tare da wasu mafarauta kamar bera da kerkeci don abinci. Wolves na da babbar barazana ga zakunan tsauni, kai tsaye ko a kaikaice. Wolves ba sa cin naman kittens da aka kashe, wanda ke nuna cewa suna kashewa don kawar da gasa. Kuma yayin da kerkeci ba su kashe manya manyan zakunan tsaunuka ba, da alama suna bin su a kowacce dama.

Babban barazanar da ke addabar zaki shi ne asarar muhalli. Yayinda mutane ke zurfafa zurfafawa cikin mazaunin sa, ba wai kawai don gidaje da kiwo ba, har ma don ayyukan nishaɗi, zakoki na kan dutse suna gwagwarmayar ƙirƙirar isassun wuraren farauta ba tare da haɗarin faɗawa cikin mutane ba. A wannan lokacin ne wannan mai farautar ya zama ganima don farautar ganima, kariya ga dabbobi da kuma lafiyar lafiyar dabbobi, da kuma wani lokacin yara.

Babban sanadin mutuwar zakunan tsauni shine farauta, wanda yakai kusan rabin mutuwar manya. An fara farautar farautar zaki a farkon shekara ta 2005 a matsayin "lokacin gwaji" kuma wannan kakar ana ci gaba da amfani da ita azaman kayan aiki don kula da yawan zaki a tsaunin da ake so.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Hoto: Yaya zaki mai kama

A halin yanzu, yawanci ana samun zakuna a yamma na tsawon 100 ° Westitude (kamar daga tsakiyar Texas zuwa Saskatchewan), ban da kudancin Texas. Bayanai game da Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka sun yi rashi, kodayake an yi imanin cewa wuraren da suka fi dacewa don zakunan tsaunuka suna wurin.

Duk da yake babu wani cikakken kiyasi game da yawan zaki a duniya, an kiyasta cewa akwai kusan mutane 30,000 a Yammacin Amurka. Abubuwa masu yawa zasu iya kasancewa daga zaki 1-7 na zaki a cikin 100 km2, tare da maza dauke da mata da yawa a cikin kewayon gidansu.

A yau, yawan dawakai masu fari-fari sun murmure a yawancin tsohuwar cougar, kuma wasu animalsan dabbobi sun bayyana a wasu jihohin gabashin kamar Missouri da Arkansas. Wasu masana ilimin halitta sunyi imanin cewa waɗannan manyan kuliyoyin na iya kawo ƙarshen ma'anar yawancin Midwest da Gabas - idan mutane suka kyale su. A mafi yawan jihohin yammacin Amurka da lardunan Kanada, ana ɗaukar yawan jama'a masu ƙarfin juriya don ba da damar farautar wasanni.

An rarraba zakunan tsauni a matsayin waɗanda ke cikin haɗari. Adadin mazaunin zakunan tsaunuka bai wuce 50,000 ba kuma yana ci gaba da raguwa. Ba su da wata barazana ta musamman daga dabbobi banda mutane, kodayake suna hulɗa da wasu manyan dabbobin, kamar su launin ruwan goro mai launin ruwan kasa da kerkeci mai launin toka, wanda suke yaƙi da shi don farauta. Lokacin da zangon zaki da jaguar suka juye, jaguars zai mamaye mafi yawan ganima kuma zaki na kan dutse zai ɗauki ƙananan ganima.

Tsaron zaki mai tsaro

Hotuna: Zakin dutse daga littafin Red Book

Adana yawan zaki na dutsen ya dogara da adadi mai yawa na mazauni. Zakin dutse yakan buƙaci ƙasa kusan sau 13 fiye da baƙar fata, ko kuma sau 40 fiye da kifi. Ta hanyar adana isassun namun daji don tallafawa tsayayyun yawan zakunan tsaunuka, da sauran tsire-tsire da dabbobin da ba su da yawa waɗanda ke da fa'idarsu.

Lionarfin zaki da ɓoyayyen zaki sun zama abin ƙyamar halittar namun daji saboda haka wannan kyanwar ta sami babban matsayi a cikin ayyukan kiyayewa da maidowa. Misali, an tsara hanyoyin layin zama tsakanin manyan yankuna domin samun fa'ida ga manyan masu cin karensu kamar kahon zaki. Bincike ya nuna cewa watsar da zakunan tsaunuka na iya samun da kuma yin amfani da hanyoyin da suke zama, kuma ana iya amfani da lura da rediyo na wadannan manya-manyan masu farautar don gano wuraren da suka dace don kiyayewa a matsayin masarufi.

Cougar ta gabas, wani yanki ne na zakin tsaunin, a hukumance hukumar kula da namun daji ta Amurka ta ayyana ta mutu a shekara ta 2011, kodayake an tabbatar da daidaikun mutane daga yammacin sun yi yawo har zuwa gabar gabashin. Florida panthers, wani yanki ne na zakoki na tsaunukan Amurka, an lasafta su azaman nau'in haɗari. Kasa da damun faranti 160 da suka rage a cikin daji.

Tun shekara ta 1996, an hana farautar zaki mai zaki a kasashen Ajantina, Brazil, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica da sauran wurare da yawa. Galibi ana farautar su a cikin fakitin karnuka har sai an yi wa dabbar "magani". Lokacin da mafarautan suka iso wurin, sai ya harbe kyanwar daga bishiyar kusa da nesa.

Zakin dutse Shine mafi girma kuma mafi karfi cat cat. Duk da girmansu da kasancewar su a yawancin yammacin nahiyar, ba safai mutane ke ganin wadannan kuliyoyin ba. A zahiri, su "masu kunya" ne, halittu masu kadaici waɗanda ke yin yawancin rayuwarsu su kaɗai. Zakin tsaunuka suna buƙatar manyan wurare don kare kansu daga sauran zakunan tsaunuka.

Ranar bugawa: 02.11.2019

Ranar da aka sabunta: 11.11.2019 a 12:02

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Kalli bidiyon: Zakin maza 2 Indian Hausa Fassarar 2020 (Nuwamba 2024).