Babban shark mai kyan gani - kifi mai farauta wanda ke rayuwa a zurfin mita mitoci da yawa: ana amfani dashi ga yanayin ƙananan haske da ƙarancin zafin jiki. Sananne ne ga doguwar jelarsa, wacce take amfani da ita yayin farauta kamar bulala ko guduma, ta buge su ga waɗanda abin ya shafa kuma ta ba su mamaki. Ba hatsari bane ga mutane, amma mutane suna da haɗari a gareta - saboda kamun kifi, yawancin jinsin suna faɗuwa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Babban idanun fararen shark
An bayyana jinsin ta R.T. Lowe a 1840 kuma an kira shi Alopias superciliosus. Bayan haka, an sake nazarin bayanin Low sau da yawa tare da wurin a cikin rarrabuwa, wanda ke nufin cewa sunan kimiyya ya canza. Amma wannan lamari ne mai wuya lokacin da bayanin farko ya zama mafi daidai, kuma daidai ƙarni ɗaya daga baya asalin sunan ya sake dawowa.
Alopias ana fassara daga Girkanci a matsayin "fox", super daga Latin "over", kuma ciliosus na nufin "gira". Fox - saboda tun zamanin da sharks na wannan nau'in an dauke su da wayo, kuma an samo sashi na biyu na sunan saboda daya daga cikin siffofin sifa - wuraren shakatawa sama da idanuwa. Asalin jinsin ya haifar da dadewa mafi girma: na farko daga magabatan kifayen kifayen kifayen kifin da ke iyo a tekun duniya har ma a zamanin Silurian. A waccan lokacin kifi mai kama da tsarin jiki ya kasance, kodayake ba a tabbatar da hakikanin wanene daga cikinsu ya haifar da sharks ba.
Bidiyo: Babban idanun fox shark
Manyan kifayen farko na farko sun bayyana ta lokacin Triassic kuma suna saurin bunƙasa. Tsarinsu yana canzawa a hankali, ƙididdigar ƙusoshin baya yana faruwa, saboda abin da suka zama masu ƙarfi, wanda ke nufin da sauri da motsi, ƙari kuma, sun sami ikon zama a cikin zurfin zurfin.
Brainwaƙwalwar su tana girma - yankuna masu azanci sun bayyana a ciki, godiya ga abin da jin ƙanshin sharks ya zama baƙon abu, don haka suna fara jin jini koda kuwa sun kai nisan kilomita daga asalin; ana inganta kasusuwan muƙamuƙi, yana ba da damar buɗe bakin sosai. A hankali yayin Mesozoic, suna zama kamar waɗancan kifayen kifayen da ke rayuwa a duniyar yanzu. Amma babban mahimmin ƙarfi ga juyin halittarsu shine ƙarewa a ƙarshen zamanin Mesozoic, bayan haka sun zama kusan rarrabuwa ma'abota ruwan teku.
A duk tsawon wannan lokacin, babban masarautar kifin shark ya ci gaba da haifar da sabbin halittu saboda canje-canje da ke gudana a cikin muhalli. Kuma manyan kifaye masu kyan gani sun zama ɗayan samari: sun bayyana ne kawai a tsakiyar Miocene, wannan ya faru kimanin shekaru miliyan 12-16 da suka gabata. Tun daga wannan lokacin, an gano yawancin burbushin halittar wannan nau'in, kafin su kasance ba su nan, wakilan dangin kifin kerklak da ke da dangantaka da juna sun bayyana kadan a baya - sun fito ne daga kakanni daya.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya babban kifin kifin shark yake kama
A tsawon, manya sun girma zuwa 3.5-4, mafi girman samfurin da aka kama ya kai 4.9 m. Weigh 140-200 kg. Jikin su mai siffa irin na dunƙule, hancin kaifi. Bakin karami ne, mai lankwasa, akwai hakora da yawa, layuka kusan dozin biyu daga ƙasa da sama: lambar su na iya bambanta daga 19 zuwa 24. Hakoran kansu kaifi ne kuma manya.
Alamar da ta fi bayyana game da kifaye sharks: ƙarancin finafinansu yana da haɓaka sosai zuwa sama. Tsawonsa zai iya zama daidai da tsawon dukkan jikin kifin, saboda haka wannan rashin daidaito idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran kifin kifin zai zama sananne nan take, kuma ba zai yi aiki don rikitar da wakilan wannan nau'in da kowa ba.
Hakanan, kamar yadda sunan su yake, ana bambanta su da gaskiyar cewa suna da manyan idanu - diamita na iya kaiwa 10 cm, wanda dangane da girman kai ya fi na sauran sharks girma. Godiya ga irin waɗannan manyan idanun, waɗannan kifayen kifin suna iya gani da kyau a cikin duhu, inda suke mafi yawan rayuwarsu.
Har ila yau, abin lura ne cewa idanuwa suna da tsayi sosai, godiya ga waɗannan kifayen kifin suna iya kallon tsaye ba tare da juyawa ba. Akan fatar wannan kifin, sikeli na nau'uka biyu madadin: babba da karami. Launinsa na iya zama launin ruwan kasa tare da inuwa mai ƙarfi na lilac ko zurfin purple. Ana kiyaye shi ne kawai yayin rayuwa, mataccen kifin shark da sauri ya zama launin toka.
A ina ne babban-sharkin fox shark yake zaune?
Hoto: Fox shark a Turkiyya
Ya fi son ruwa mai zafi da raƙuman ruwa, amma ana samunsa a cikin tsayayyun wurare.
Akwai manyan wuraren rarraba huɗu:
- yammacin Atlantic - daga gabar Amurka, Bahamas, Cuba da Haiti, tare da gabar Kudancin Amurka har zuwa kudancin Brazil;
- gabashin tekun Atlantika - kusa da tsibirin, da kuma ci gaba da Afirka har zuwa Angola;
- yamma na Tekun Indiya - kusa da Afirka ta Kudu da Mozambique zuwa Somaliya a arewa;
- Tekun Pacific - daga Koriya ta gefen gabar Asiya zuwa Ostiraliya, da kuma wasu tsibirai a cikin Oceania. Har ma ana samun su nesa da gabas, kusa da Tsibirin Galapagos da Kalifoniya.
Kamar yadda ake gani daga yankin rarrabawa, galibi suna zaune kusa da bakin teku kuma suna iya kusantowa kusa da bakin tekun. Amma wannan ba yana nufin cewa suna zaune ne kawai kusa da ƙasa ba, a'a, an fi sani game da waɗannan mutane, amma ana samun su a cikin teku mai buɗewa.
Mafi kyawun yanayin zafin ruwa na waɗannan kifayen kifayen yana cikin kewayon 7-14 ° C, amma wani lokacin sukan yi iyo zuwa babban zurfin - har zuwa 500-700 m, inda ruwan ya fi sanyi - 2-5 ° C, kuma zai iya zama a can na dogon lokaci. Ba su da haɗuwa sosai da yankin mazaunin kuma suna iya yin ƙaura, amma a cikin kwas ɗinsu ba su da nisa sosai: yawanci yana da ɗari da yawa kilomita, a wasu lokuta da ba safai ba 1000 - 1500 kilomita.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Godiya ga tsarin jijiyoyin jini, wanda ake kira rete mirabile, waɗannan kifin suna iya yin tsayayya da manyan canje-canje a cikin zafin jiki na ruwa: digo daga 14-16 ° C ya zama al'ada a garesu.
Yanzu kun san inda aka sami babban kifin kifin shark. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene babban kifin dafaffiyar kifin shark din yake ci?
Hotuna: Babban shark fox shark daga littafin Red
A cikin menu na yau da kullun na wakilan wannan nau'in:
- mackerel;
- hake;
- squid;
- kadoji.
Suna da matukar son mackerel - har ma masu binciken sun gano alakar da ke tsakanin mackerel yawan wadannan masanan. Lokacin da mackerel ya ragu a wani bangare na tekun, zaku iya tsammanin yawan kifin kifin na kusa-kusa ya ragu nan da 'yan shekaru masu zuwa.
A cikin Tekun Bahar Rum, galibi suna bin garken Tuna na dogon lokaci, suna kai musu hari sau ɗaya a rana ko biyu - saboda haka ba sa buƙatar su ci gaba da neman abin farauta, saboda waɗannan makarantun suna da girma sosai, kuma yawancin manyan kifaye masu kaifin ido na iya ciyar da su kawai tsawon watanni, yayin da yawancin garken suna tsira daidai.
A cikin abincin wasu mutane, mackerel ko tuna suna da sama da rabi - amma, suna ciyar da sauran kifin kuma. Daga cikin su akwai manyan farar fata da na kasa - wannan shark din yana farautar sa ne a cikin zurfin, inda galibi yake rayuwa, kuma kusa da farfajiyar.
Yawancin lokaci suna farauta biyu-biyu ko a ƙaramin rukuni na mutane 3-6. Wannan yana ba ku damar farauta da kyau sosai, saboda mafarauta da yawa a lokaci ɗaya suna gabatar da rikice-rikice da yawa kuma ba sa ba wa waɗanda abin ya shafa damar hanzarta gano inda za su yi iyo, sakamakon abin da suke sarrafawa don kama abin da yawa.
Anan ne dogayen wutsiyoyi ke zuwa a hannu: tare da su sharks suka bugi makarantar kifi suka tilasta ganimar ɓata da yawa. Yin haka daga ɓangarori da yawa lokaci ɗaya, suna da ƙungiya ta kusa, kuma waɗanda abin ya shafa suna mamakin bugu na wutsiya kuma sun daina ƙoƙarin tserewa. Bayan haka, kifayen kifayen suna iyo kawai a cikin samin tarin kuma suka fara cin kifin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Babban idanun shark shark a ƙarƙashin ruwa
Ba sa son ruwan dumi, sabili da haka ana cinye ranar a ƙarƙashin thermocline - wani layin ruwa, daga abin da zafin jikinsa ke sauka a hankali. Yawancin lokaci ana samunsa a zurfin 250-400 m, inda sharks ke iyo a cikin ruwa tare da zafin jiki na 5-12 ° C kuma suna jin daɗi a cikin irin waɗannan yanayi, kuma ƙarancin haske baya tsoma baki dasu.
Kuma da daddare, idan sanyi yayi, sai su hau - wannan shine ɗayan nau'ikan nau'ikan kifayen kifayen kifayen, waɗanda ake yin ƙaura da su yau da kullun. A cikin duhu, ana iya ganin su koda a saman ruwa, kodayake galibi suna iyo a zurfin mita 50-100. A wannan lokacin ne suke farauta, kuma da rana galibi suna hutawa.
Tabbas, idan ganima ta sadu dasu da rana, zasu iya samun abun ciye-ciye, amma sunfi aiki da daddare, a wannan lokacin ne suka zama marasa saurin azabtarwa, masu iya kwatsam don neman ganima da juyowar da ba zato ba tsammani. Har ma suna iya tsalle daga cikin ruwan idan suna farauta a kusa da farfajiyar. A irin wannan lokacin ne kifin shark zai iya kamawa a ƙugiya, kuma galibi yana manne da shi tare da wutsiyar wutsiyarsa, wanda da ita yake buga ƙugu, yana ƙoƙari ya dame shi. Kamar yawancin sauran kifayen kifin, babban abincin ido yana da kyau kuma yana cinye kifi da yawa.
Hakanan kwaɗayi ne a tattare da ita: idan cikin nata ya riga ya cika, kuma har yanzu akwai kifayen da yawa masu ban mamaki a kusa, zata iya zubar dashi domin ci gaba da abincin. Hakanan akwai sanannun lokuta na faɗa don ganima duka tsakanin manyan idanu masu girma da kifayen wasu jinsuna: yawanci suna da jini sosai kuma suna ƙarewa da mummunan rauni ga ɗayan abokan hamayyar, ko ma duka biyun.
Duk da mummunan halinsu, kusan basu da haɗari ga mutane. Hare-haren wannan nau'in a kan mutane ba a yi rajista ba. Gabaɗaya sun fi son yin iyo idan mutum yana ƙoƙari ya kusanto, sabili da haka yana da wuya a yi tunanin halin da mutum zai sha wahala daga haƙoransa. Amma a mahangar hakan abu ne mai yiyuwa, saboda hakoransu manya da kaifi, ta yadda har ma za su iya cizon wani bangare.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin Turanci, ana kiran sharks sharks thresher shark, ma'ana, "thresher shark". Wannan suna ya fito ne daga yadda suke farauta.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: ksannin sharks
Suna zaune su kadai, suna tara kawai tsawon lokacin farautar, haka kuma yayin haifuwa. Zai iya faruwa a kowane lokaci. A lokacin bunkasar tayi, amfrayo za su fara cin gwaiduwa, kuma bayan jakar kwai ta wofintar da ita, sai su fara cin kwayayen da ba su kai ba. Sauran amfrayo ba a cin su, sabanin sauran kifayen kifayen.
Ba a san tsawon lokacin da haihuwar take ba, amma wannan kifin kifin yana da kuzari, ma’ana, ana haihuwa nan da nan, kuma kaɗan ne daga cikinsu - 2-4. Saboda karancin amfanonin ciki, manyan kifaye masu kifin ido sun yi kiwo a hankali, amma akwai kari a cikin wannan - tsawon kifayen da da kyar aka haife su sun riga sun zama masu ban sha'awa, yana da 130-140 cm.
Godiya ga wannan, jarirai sabbin haihuwa suna iya tsayawa kai tsaye da kansu, kuma basa tsoron yawancin mahautan da ke azabtar da kifayen wasu jinsuna a cikin kwanakin farko ko makonnin rayuwa. A waje, sun riga sun yi kama da babba, sai dai kan yana da girma idan aka gwada shi da jiki, kuma idanuwa sun fi har ma fiye da na manyan kifayen wannan nau'in.
An riga an haifa manyan kifayen ido da tuni an rufe su da sikeli masu kauri wanda zai iya zama kariya - sabili da haka, oviduct a cikin mata an rufe shi da nama na ciki daga ciki, yana kiyaye shi daga lalacewa ta gefen kaifin waɗannan sikeli. Baya ga ƙananan kifayen da ake haihuwa a lokaci ɗaya, akwai wata muhimmiyar matsala a cikin haifuwarsu: maza sun kai ga balaga ta shekaru 10, mata kuma bayan aan shekaru. Ganin cewa suna rayuwa ne kawai shekaru 15-20, wannan ya makara sosai, yawanci mata suna da lokacin haihuwa sau 3-5.
Abokan gaba na manyan kifaye masu kyan gani
Hoto: Babban idanun fararen shark
Manya suna da 'yan kalilan, amma akwai: da farko dai, wadannan sune kifayen wasu jinsunan, wadanda suka fi girma. Sau da yawa sukan kai hari ga “danginsu” su kashe su, kamar kowane irin kifi, domin a gare su ganima daya ce. Manyan kifayen kifayen ido suna iya tserewa daga yawancinsu saboda tsananin gudun da suke da shi, amma ba duka ba.
Aƙalla, kasancewar tana kusa da babban kifin kifin kifin, dole ne ta zama mai lura. Wannan kuma ya shafi fellowan uwan juna: suma suna iya kaiwa juna hari. Wannan baya faruwa haka sau da yawa, kuma yawanci kawai tare da banbancin daidai a girma: babban mutum yana iya ƙoƙarin cin saurayi.
Whales masu kashewa suna da haɗari sosai a gare su: a cikin faɗa tare da waɗannan maƙarƙancin masu saurin saurin, babban kifin shark ba shi da wata dama, don haka abin da ya rage kawai shi ne ja da baya, da ƙyar ganin mai kisan whale. Bulu shark dan takara ne kai tsaye don farautar manyan idanu, don haka ba su zauna a kusa ba.
Fitilar tekun ba ta da haɗari ga baligi, amma suna da ƙarfin shawo kan wanda ke girma, kuma suna kai hari ko da girmansa ɗaya. Idan aka cizge su, sukan shigar da wani enzyme a cikin jini wanda yake hana shi daskarewa, ta yadda da sauri wanda aka cutar ya fara rauni saboda zubar jini, kuma ya zama abin farauta mai sauki. Additionari ga manyan abokan gaba, manyan kifaye masu shark da parasites kamar kwandunan kwalliya ko na shawo kan cutar su.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya babban kifin kifin shark yake kama
Duk tsawon karni na 20, an lura da raguwar mutane, sakamakon haka aka sanya jinsunan a cikin Littafin Ja a matsayin masu rauni. Wannan shi ne mafi karancin darajojin kiyaye jinsin, kuma hakan na nufin har yanzu ba a sami kifaye masu girman ido a doron kasa ba, amma idan ba ku dauki matakan ba, za su ragu.
Matsalolin jinsin sunada asali ne saboda kwarin gwiwa game da kamun kifi: saboda karancin haihuwa, harma da daukar kima a matsakaici don sauran kifaye ya zama babbar damuwa ga yawan kifayen masu girman ido. Kuma ana amfani dasu don kamun kifi na kasuwanci, kuma suma suna aiki kamar ɗayan abubuwan da ake kamun kifin wasanni.
Babban abin girmamawa shine fincinsu wanda ake amfani da shi don yin miya, man hanta, wanda ake amfani dashi don samar da bitamin, da fatunsu. Ba a daraja naman da yawa, saboda yana da laushi sosai, yana kama da aladu, kuma abubuwan ɗanɗano na matsakaici ne a mafi kyau. Koyaya, ana amfani dashi: ana gishiri, an bushe, an sha sigari.
Waɗannan kifayen kifayen suna kama su sosai a cikin Taiwan, Cuba, Amurka, Brazil, Mexico, Japan da sauran ƙasashe da yawa. Sau da yawa sukan hadu ne a matsayin kamun-kifi, kuma masunta da ke kama nau'ikan jinsuna daban ba sa son su sosai, saboda wani lokacin sukan tsinke raga da fin ɗin su.
Saboda wannan, kuma saboda gaskiyar cewa an fi amfani da ƙuraje ƙwarai da gaske, aikin dabbanci ya kasance yana yaɗuwa inda wani babban kifin shark da aka kama yayin kama-kama an yanke shi, kuma aka sake jefar da gawar cikin teku - ba shakka, ta mutu. Yanzu kusan an kawar da shi, kodayake a wasu wuraren ana yin hakan har yanzu.
Kariyar manyan kifaye masu kyan gani
Hoto: Babban-shard fox shark daga littafin Red
Ya zuwa yanzu, matakan kare wannan nau'in a bayyane suke bai isa ba. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar cewa yana cikin jerin masu rauni, kuma ana kiyaye su galibi akan saura bayan wadancan nau'ikan da barazanar ta fi kamari, kuma tare da cewa mazaunan tekun galibi sunfi wahalar kariya daga farauta.
Daga cikin wasu abubuwan, akwai matsalar matsalar hijirar wadannan kifayen kifin: idan a cikin ruwan wata jiha an kiyaye su ta wata hanya, to a cikin ruwan wata, ba za a iya ba su kariya ba kwata-kwata. Har yanzu, bayan lokaci, jerin kasashen da ke daukar matakan kare wannan nau'in na kara tsayi.
A cikin Amurka, kamun kifi ya iyakance kuma an haramta yanke ƙurare - dole ne ayi amfani da dukkanin mushen kifin da ya kama. Sauƙaƙe a sake ta idan an kama ta a matsayin abin kama-karya fiye da bin wannan takardar sayan magani. A cikin ƙasashen Bahar Rum na Turai, akwai haramtawa kan raga da kuma wasu kayan kamun kifi waɗanda ke haifar da babbar illa ga manyan kifayen ido.
Gaskiya mai dadi: Kamar sauran kifayen kifin da yawa, dawakai masu ido da ido na iya yin dogon lokaci ba tare da abinci ba. Wannan mai cutar bazai damu da abinci ba har tsawon makonni ko ma watanni. Ciki ya zube da sauri, amma bayan haka sai jiki ya sauya zuwa wani tushen makamashi - mai daga hanta. Hantar kanta tana da girma ƙwarai, kuma za a iya samun adadin kuzari da ba a saba gani ba daga man ta.
Wannan sannu a hankali yana girma kuma yana haihuwa kadan babban ido shark ba za ta iya jure wa matsi na mutum ba: duk da cewa kamun kifi a gare ta ba ta da karfi sosai, yawanta na raguwa kowace shekara. Saboda haka, ana buƙatar ƙarin matakai don kare shi, in ba haka ba jinsin zai kasance a gab da halaka a cikin fewan shekarun da suka gabata.
Ranar bugawa: 06.11.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 03.09.2019 a 22:21
