Gwanin launin ruwan kasa - kifin lake ko kuma, sau da yawa, kifi mai lalacewa na dangin salmon. Galibi ana rikice shi da kifin saboda kamanninta da salon sa. Wani fasali na jinsin shine ikon saurin daidaitawa zuwa yanayin rayuwa daban-daban. Siffar lacustrine na iya canzawa da sauri zuwa mara kyau, na ruwa, idan ya cancanta. Abun kamun kifi yana girma cikin matattarar ruwa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Kumzha
An raba Trout zuwa ruwa mai kyau da rayuwar teku. Af, don saukakawa, ana kiran ruwan daɗaɗi da ƙira. Dukkanin wadannan nau'ikan ana sanya su azaman salmonids kuma suna da bambance-bambance a bayyane wanda yake da wahalar gaske a danganta su ga jinsin daya.
Masana kimiyya sunyi amfani da DNA na mitochondrial don nazarin hanyoyin rarrabuwa na launin ruwan goro. Godiya gareshi, ya yiwu ya tabbatar da cewa ana lura da babban rarraba kifin daga Norway. A Tekun White da Barents, ba a sami bambance-bambance na musamman tsakanin wakilan wannan nau'in ba, wanda ya ba mu damar kammala cewa za a iya danganta kifin ga dangi daya, ba tare da la’akari da mazauninsu ba.
Bidiyo: Kumzha
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tun da farko an yi imani da cewa kifin kifi dangi ne na kifin kifin. Amma sai masana ilimin kimiyyar halittu, bayan gudanar da cikakken bincike game da tsarin kifin, suka cimma matsayar cewa kifin kifin shine ingantaccen kwararar kifi.
An yi imanin cewa ana ciyar da kifin maras kyau a cikin teku, bayan haka kuma sai ya tafi bakin kogin domin yayyafa, inda ya girma. Amma mutane masu ruwa mai kyau, waɗanda suke ciyarwa a can kafin su fara haihuwa, galibi ana kiransu kifi. Daga cikin kifin da ke cikin ruwa, yawancin maza, amma daga cikin mata masu rauni. A lokacin ɓarkewar haihuwar, dukansu suna haɗuwa da juna, suna ƙirƙirar babban jama'a.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mutane da yawa suna tunanin cewa kifin kifi ne da aka ɗan inganta kifi. A wani lokaci, an kawo kifin kifi zuwa New Zealand, wanda a hankali yake birgima cikin koguna da teku. Don haka, sannu-sannu ta juye zuwa kifi mai kama da launin ruwan kasa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya kamun kifi mai ruwan kasa?
Jikin ruwan gorar ruwan kasa an rufe shi da sikeli masu kauri kuma yana da tsayi mai tsayi. Bakin yana da girma sosai kuma yana da jadawalin zane. Babban muƙamuƙin ya fito fili a bayyane kuma ya faɗaɗa fiye da gefen ido. Muƙamuƙan mazan maza na iya zama masu ƙarfi sosai. Amma wannan ba shi da tabbas sosai kamar a cikin salmon.
Baƙin baƙin fata (manya-manya) sun lulluɓe jikin kifin baki ɗaya. Belowasan layin gefe, suna zama zagaye kuma an lura da ƙananan. Yaran yara suna kama da launi iri ɗaya da kifin. Lokacin da kifin yake cikin ruwa mai kyau, yana da launin azurfa. Lokacin da kifin ya kai ga balagar jima'i, ƙananan wuraren ruwan hoda suna bayyana a ɓangarorin. Wannan sananne ne musamman a cikin maza.
Matsakaicin launin ruwan goro yana da tsawon 30 zuwa 70 cm kuma nauyi daga 1 zuwa 5 kg. Amma a cikin Tekun Baltic, zaku iya samun siffofin da suka fi girma (sama da mita 1 a tsayi kuma fiye da kilogram 12 a nauyi). Mafi yawan lokuta ana kwatanta wannan nau'in da kifin kifi. Lallai, suna da abubuwa dayawa.
Koyaya, al'ada ce a keɓance wasu irin waɗannan sigogin waɗanda zasu ba da damar sauƙaƙa kifin kifi:
- a kan wutsiyar kifin, mizanin ya fi ƙanƙan yawa;
- Har ila yau, kifin yana da raƙuman gill masu yawa;
- kashin maxillary a launin ruwan goro ya fi tsayi yawa;
- ƙarshen dokin salmon ya fi tsayi sosai;
- a cikin balagaggen ruwan goro, finfin din din ya fi kaifi.
Idan muna magana game da bambance-bambance daga kifin kifin, to babban fasalin shine launi daban-daban. Har ila yau, jinsin ya banbanta da hanyar rayuwa: kifin kifin yana shiga cikin ruwa mai dadi ne kawai don haihuwa kuma nan da nan ya mutu, yana ƙin abinci a jikin ruwa mai ɗanɗano. Yayin da kifin ruwan kasa yake rayuwa mai kyau a cikin kogin kuma yaci gaba da ciyarwa a cikin ruwa mai ƙaranci wanda bai gaza na ruwan teku ba. A matsakaita, kifin ruwan kasa yana rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 18-20, idan akwai wadatattun yanayin rayuwar yau da kullun don wannan.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi girma shine Kifin Caspian. Akwai tabbaci cewa an taɓa kama wani mutum mai nauyin kilo 51. Baltic trout (matsakaicin nauyi har zuwa kilogiram 5) an taɓa kama shi da nauyin kilogram 23.5.
A ina ne kifin mai launin ruwan kasa yake rayuwa?
Photo: Kifin kifi
Troungiyar launin ruwan kasa suna zaune a manyan yankuna. Ana iya samunsa sauƙaƙe kai tsaye a cikin teku da koguna.
Yankuna mafi girma na wuraren cin ruwan kasa sune:
- Azov, Baƙin Baƙi;
- Volga, Neva, Gulf of Finland;
- kogunan Faransa, Girka, Italiya;
- Kogunan Ural;
- Pskov, Tver, Kaliningrad, yankuna Orenburg.
Mafi yawan adadin ruwan gorar ruwan kasa ana lura dasu a cikin ruwan Baltic. Thickets, shallows - waɗannan sune manyan wuraren tarin kifin. Lokacin da aka kama wannan kifin, abu na farko da za ayi shine jefa sandar kusa da gabar. Babu buƙatar ci gaba - sau da yawa fiye da ba, yana mai da hankali a nan.
Wuraren da aka fi so da launin ruwan goro sune yankuna masu tsaunuka ko ruwa na fili. Tsarkin ruwa shine mabuɗi. Ko da akwai mai ƙarfi a halin yanzu, ba komai. Gwanin launin ruwan kasa zai zo kusa da gaɓar teku kawai kuma ya sami keɓantaccen wurin zama.
Wannan kifin baya son ruwan dumi sosai. Yanayin da ya dace da ita shine digiri 15-20. Ko da don haɓaka, kifi ba ya zuwa ruwa mai dumi sosai, yana fifita tsabta, amma ɗan sanyi. Abu mafi ban sha'awa shi ne cewa kifin na iya rayuwa a cikin yanayi daban-daban - a cikin kogi da cikin teku.
Kifin yana zaɓar yanayin da ya fi karɓa a gare su a wannan lokacin kuma wanda zai taimaka wajen kiyaye yawan jama'a. Kifi yawanci ba ya rayuwa a wuri ɗaya fiye da shekaru 2-3. Ta canza mazauninta, amma bayan shekara ɗaya ko biyu tana iya komawa wuri ɗaya da ta taɓa rayuwa a baya.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun kifin mai ruwan kasa. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin yake ci.
Menene kifin launin ruwan kasa yake ci?
Hotuna: Kumzha a Karelia
Kayataccen ruwan kifi na cikin nau'in kifin da ake kama shi. Newananan jarirai na nau'in suna cin abinci akan plankton kuma kawai lokacin da kifin ya balaga da jima'i - abincinsu ya bambanta. A hanyar, yawancin mutane masu launin ruwan kasa na iya ciyar da dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda galibi yana iyo a jikin ruwa. Amma wannan ya shafi waɗannan sharuɗɗan ne kawai lokacin da kifin ya ji yunwa sosai.
Sauran lokaci, abincin su ya kunshi:
- kwadi;
- kananan kifi, wadanda suke karami da yawa;
- daban-daban crustaceans;
- molluscs, tsutsotsi da sauran invertebrates waɗanda ke zaune a ƙasan matakan tafkin;
- tsutsayen kwarin da ke rayuwa kusa da ruwa;
- ciyawar ciyawa, butterflies da sauran kwari da suka faɗa cikin tafkin.
Kodayake kifin ruwan kasa shine ainihin kifi mai cin nama, amma idan ya cancanta (in babu wadataccen abinci), zai iya cin abincin tsire shima. Idan muka yi magana game da kamun kifi don kifin kifi, to abu ne mai yiwuwa mu kama shi da masara ko burodi.
A lokaci guda, kifin ruwan kasa ya fi son abincin dabbobi, cin kayan lambu kawai a cikin keɓaɓɓun yanayi. Kullutututtuka na iya kai hari ƙananan makarantun kifi waɗanda ke zaune a yankin bakin teku. Hakanan, kifin ruwan kasa masu farauta suna farauta a cikin dazuzzuka kusa da bakin teku don ɓawon burodi (suna iya kai hari ga manyan mutane). Za a iya farauta a kowane lokaci na shekara.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Kifi mai ruwan kasa a cikin tabki
Ya kamata a rarraba kifi a matsayin mara kyan gani ko kifin ruwa. A cikin teku, ruwan gorar ruwan goro ya fi son zama kusa da bakin teku, ba tare da yin iyo a cikin wurare masu zurfin musamman ba. Yana ƙoƙari ya guji kowane ƙaura mai nisa. Koda munyi magana game da batun haihuwa, to tana ƙoƙari ta zaɓi waɗancan wuraren da suke kusa da inda take.
Idan muka yi magana game da rayuwa a cikin koguna, ya fi son saman abubuwan da ake amfani da shi, amma lokaci-lokaci yana iya zuwa gaba daga bakin teku zuwa ƙasa mai duwatsu. Don rayuwa ta yau da kullun, kifin ruwan kasa yana buƙatar yawan oxygen a cikin ruwa. Wannan shine dalilin da yasa take matukar son rafuka masu gudu da gudu. Wani lokaci ruwan kifi mai launin ruwan kasa bazai iya komawa cikin teku kwata-kwata ba, amma ya ci gaba da zama cikin kogin idan yanayi ya dace da wannan. Muna magana ne game da wadatar matsugunai, waɗanda suke kusa da ruwa mara ƙanƙan. Wannan ya zama dole don kifi ya yi farauta daidai. Da safe da maraice, kifaye suna son farauta a cikin kogin tare da ruwa mai tsabta - wannan shi ne mazaunin da aka fi so don kifi mai ruwan kasa.
A wasu wurare (Luga da Narvskaya bays) ana iya samun ƙananan kifi a duk shekara. Galibi kifi yakan fara shiga cikin rafin kusa da tsakiyar bazara da farkon bazara. Mafi tsananin motsi daga cikin kifi ya zama a watan Satumba kuma yana nan har zuwa Nuwamba. Yana ɗaukar shekaru 2-4 kafin ya sauka cikin teku, bayan haka zasu dawo cikin kogin bayan shekaru 1-2.
Trout ba kifin makaranta bane. Ta fi son zama ita kaɗai. Haka batun hijira da farauta. Af, kifin jajirtacce ne sosai a cikin farauta. Kodayake ita da kanta ta fi son kadaici, amma tana iya kalubalantar kuma ta afkawa wakilan kifi na makaranta.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Ruwan ruwan goro a cikin ruwa
Trout ba kifin makaranta bane. Ta fi son rayuwa da farauta ita kadai. Kodayake ta fi son haihuwa a cikin manyan kungiyoyi. Amma wannan yana da nasaba da gaskiyar cewa kifayen sun zabi lokaci iri iri. Ba kamar sauran salmonids ba, ƙwayoyin ruwan kasa na iya haifar da sau da yawa a rayuwarsu.
Kusan dukkanin kifin salmonids da ake da shi sau ɗaya kawai a rayuwa. Kafin wannan, suna ƙoƙarin cin ɗan ƙaramin abu kaɗan kuma su mutu ba da daɗewa ba bayan haihuwa. Amma launin ruwan kasa yana nuna halaye daban. Abincin ta ba shi da alaƙa da haihuwa: tana ci gaba da cin abinci koyaushe a cikin yanayin da ta saba, kuma ba da daɗewa ba bayan farfaɗar da haihuwa sai ta koma hanyar rayuwarta ta yau da kullun.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan kifin ya kasa komawa cikin teku saboda kowane irin dalili, zai iya saukaka rayuwa a cikin ruwan sabo.
Kifi zai iya yaduwa a kowane lokaci na shekara. Iyakar abin da banda shi ne hunturu. Mace tana yin kwai dubu 4-5 a lokaci guda. Dukansu manya ne - kimanin milimita 5 a diamita. Mafi yawanci kifi yakan sanya kwai a yankunan bakin ruwa, yana binne su cikin yashi. Hakanan zata iya haihuwa, ta zaɓi keɓantaccen wuri a ƙarƙashin duwatsu.
Yana zaɓar gadon kogi don haifar da kifi mai ruwan kasa, shiga can daga mazauninsu na yau da kullun - daga teku. Bayan sanya kwai, nan da nan sai ya koma teku. Namiji yana takin ƙwayoyin da aka haifa, amma baya ɗaukar ƙarin rai a rayuwar zuriyar. Misali, idan a cikin wasu nau'ikan kifayen maza za su tsare kwai har sai soya ta bayyana, to kifin bai yi ba.
Gurasar kifin ba su da ɗan kaɗan - kimanin milimita 6 nan da nan bayan sun kyanƙyashe. Daga shekara 2 zuwa 7, soyayyen na ci gaba da rayuwa a cikin kogin da ya ƙyanƙyashe. Yayinda soya ke girma, tana ciyar da tsutsa. Amma lokacin da ya isa balaga (kimanin santimita 20 a wancan lokacin), sai ya matsa zuwa tekun ya fara cin abincin da soyayyen wasu kifaye ko kifayen can. A cikin teku har sai ya kai ga girma, kifin yana rayuwa kusan shekaru 4. Gabaɗaya, ƙwayar mace ta haihu kusan sau 8-10 a cikin rayuwarta duka. Tsawon rayuwar kifin yana shekaru 18-20.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da kifin ya fara fage, dole ne su haɗu a wani nau'in garken shanu. Wannan ya zama dole saboda dalilin cewa akwai karancin mazan da ke cikin kifin mai cutarwa, yayin da kuma akwai maza da yawa a cikin kifin ruwan sha. Don haka dole ne su haɗu a lokacin rayayye.
Abokan gaba na launin ruwan kasa
Photo: Kifin kifi
Mafarauta sun kasance kuma sun kasance manyan abokan gaba na launin ruwan kasa. Suna iya lalata manya da ƙwai da kansu. Mafi yawanci, suna farautar mutane kai tsaye a lokacin ɓatancin haihuwa, don haka suna lalata bothan manya da itselfa andan da ba a haifa ba. Amma idan kariya daga masu farauta abu ne mai yiwuwa a matakin jiha, a kalla wani bangare, to kusan ba shi yiwuwa a kare yawan kifayen daga makiya na halitta.
Babban maƙiyan makiya na launin ruwan kasa sun haɗa da:
- burbots, furfura har ma da wasu matasa matasa na dangin salmon (ba su balaga ba har yanzu kuma suna ci gaba da zama a cikin filayen) farautar sabbin haihuwa da kwai;
- kifi yana farauta a cikin ruwa. Suna iya kamun kifin kifi koda a cikin tekun buɗe ido idan sun kusanci saman ruwan. Musamman masu haɗari sune irin tsuntsayen da ke da ikon yin ruwa;
- beavers. Kodayake waɗannan dabbobin da kansu ba safai ba, amma har yanzu suna iya yin lahani da yawa yayin farautar kifayen da ba safai ba;
- hatimai da na belar suna da matukar son cin irin wannan kifin, sabili da haka, su ma makiya ne kai tsaye na launin ruwan kasa. Suna iya kama kifi daidai a cikin ruwa. Tunda suna da rauni sosai, suna iyo da sauri, gami da ƙarƙashin ruwa, kuma suna iya cutar da yawancin kifin.
A matsakaici, kusan 1 cikin 10 mutane sun rayu shekara ta farko bayan haihuwa. Bugu da ari, yawan mutuwarsu a hankali yana raguwa kuma bayan shekara ta farko ta rayuwa, kusan kifi 1 cikin 2 na rayuwa. Amma idan muka yi magana game da yawan jama'a a matsakaici, to, ba zai wuce kifi 2-3 a cikin 100 da ke rayuwa zuwa balaga da haihuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya kamun kifi mai launin ruwan kasa yake?
Ba shi yiwuwa a kimanta yawan mutanen da ke cin kalar ruwan kasa. Dalili kuwa shine kifi na zaune a manyan wurare. Yawan ya haɗa da ƙananan rabe-raben da yawa. Saboda haka, ba shi yiwuwa a faɗi tabbatacce daidai yawan kifin da ke rayuwa a duniya yanzu. Kari akan haka, kifi ma yana rayuwa ne a wasu filaye masu zaman kansu, a gonaki.
Kututtuka, gwargwadon rarrabuwa da aka yarda da shi, yana cikin nau'in kifayen, wanda yawansu ke raguwa cikin sauri. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa abu ne na kamun kifi. Abin da ya sa ake daukar matakan aiki a matakin jiha don kare jinsunan.
Maganin sasantawa shine keɓaɓɓun gonaki, inda ake haɓaka kifaye da niyya don kamawa mai zuwa da amfani da abinci. Hakanan, don kiyaye jinsin, galibi sun fi son sakin kifin a cikin yanayin yanayi don dacewa da haifuwa mai zuwa. Abin takaici, har yanzu wannan ba ya ba da sakamakon da ake so.
Trout, kamar sauran wakilan dangin kifin, suna da nama mai ɗanɗano, saboda haka ana kama shi sosai, gami da mafarauta. Yawan kifi mai ruwan kasa kuma yana raguwa musamman saboda gaskiyar cewa ana kama kifi da yawa a lokacin da ake haihuwa, lokacin da suke da saukin kai da rauni. Saboda wannan, lambar tana raguwa daidai saboda rashin ingantattun zuriya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin shekarun 30 na karnin da ya gabata, kamun kifi na shekara ya wuce tan 600, yayin da yanzu da kyar ya kai tan 5.
Kariyar kamun kifi
Hotuna: Ruwan ruwan goro daga littafin Ja
Shekaru da yawa, an sanya kifi, kamar sauran wakilan salmonids, a cikin Littafin Ja. Dalilin wannan shine raguwar yawan jama'a ƙwarai da gaske. Yawan kifin yana raguwa saboda dandanon kifin da kansa da kuma caviar. An daɗe ana ɗaukar Trout a matsayin abinci mai ɗanɗano, wanda masunta ke matukar yabawa. Amma musamman yawan launin ruwan goro na raguwa saboda farauta.
Ana farautar kifi a lokacin ɓatancin. Don haka ba abu ne mai sauƙi kama kifi ba, amma kuma kama shi da yawa tare da raga kuma har ma da hannu. Wannan ba wuya a yi shi ba, saboda launin ruwan kasa yana kusa da bakin kogin. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa, don kada a kashe wariyar salmonids gaba ɗaya, kamarsu ta ragu sosai. Musamman, ana iya kama kifi ta amfani da sandar juyawa. Ba a yarda da amfani da raga don kamawa ba.
Hakanan an haramta shi ƙwace kifi a lokacin ɓatancin. A wannan lokacin, kamun kifi yana da haɗari musamman ma cike da raguwa mai yawa a cikin jama'a, shi ya sa aka hana shi kama kai tsaye kama kifi a lokacin ɓatancin, tare da tattara ƙwai. Amma a lokaci guda, raguwar mutane yana ci gaba, saboda har yanzu ba shi yiwuwa a kare jinsin daga abokan gaba.
Af, irin wannan iyakancewa ya shafi gaba ɗaya duk dangin salmon. Amma, ba kamar sauran ba, har yanzu kifin yana da kariya sosai saboda dalilin da zai iya haifar da sau da yawa a rayuwa.
Ta wannan hanyar, launin ruwan kasa har yanzu yana amfani da mafi girma ga abubuwan kamun kifi. Wannan ba kifi bane na ado.Abin da ya sa lambobinta ke da saurin raguwa. Kifin sau da yawa yana nuna halin rashin ƙarfi kuma saboda haka shine abin da makiya da yawa ke kaiwa hari. A yau, suna ƙoƙari su kare kifin a kowace hanyar da ta dace a matakin jiha daga haɗarin da ke tattare da haɗarin jama'a.
Ranar bugawa: 28.10.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 11.11.2019 a 12:07
