Asp - Wannan babban kifi ne mai kyau. Masunta suna gasa a koyaushe don kama mafi girma samfurin. Mutane da yawa sun lura cewa akwai kasusuwa da yawa a cikin kifi. Koyaya, wannan baya rage shahararsa ko kaɗan. Akwai wuraren shakatawa da yawa waɗanda a ciki ake kiwon wannan kifin don dalilai na masana'antu, ko don jin daɗinku. Daga cikin mutane, asp yana da wasu sunaye masu yawa - doki, riko, fari. Na biyun farko sun samo asali ne musamman da irin salon farauta. An kira farar kifi saboda tsarkakakken ma'auninsa. Asp wani nau'in kifi ne wanda aka kara raba shi zuwa gida uku.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Asp
Asp na dabbobi ne masu ƙayatarwa, kifin mai rai-rai, tsarin kifin kifi, dangin kifayen, jinsi da jinsunan asp an banbanta su a cikin aji. Zuwa yau, ichthyologists ba za su iya ba da cikakken bayani game da asali da juyin halittar wannan wakilin cyprinids ba. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan asalin waɗannan kifaye. Dangane da ɗayan ra'ayoyin da ake da su, tsoffin wakilan asalin zamani sun mamaye yankin gabar tekun China, Japan, da sauran ƙasashen Asiya.
Bidiyo: Asp
Tsoffin wakilan kifin zamani sun bayyana a duniya kusan shekaru miliyan 300 da suka gabata. Wannan tabbaci ne daga burbushin da aka samu ragowar kifin. Irin wannan rayuwar tsohuwar teku tana da siffar jiki mai tsayi, suna da wani abu makamancin fincinin zamani, amma basu da muƙamuƙi. Jikin tsoffin kifin an lullubeshi da sikeli masu nauyi, wanda yayi kama da kwasfa. Wutsiya ta kasance cikin siffar farantan zomo biyu.
Kifin wancan lokacin yana son yin rayuwa mara kyau kuma yana rayuwa a zurfin zurfin ƙasa. Kimanin shekaru miliyan 11-10 da suka gabata, sakamakon juyin halitta, halittu suka fara bayyana wanda yake kamanceceniya da kifin zamani. Wadannan mutane tuni suna da kaifi, dogayen hakora. Sashin saman jikinsu an lulluɓe shi da sikeli masu nauyi, masu haɗuwa da juna.
Bugu da ari, yayin aiwatar da sauyi da canje-canje a yanayin yanayi, an fara rarraba kifi akan yankuna daban-daban. Dangane da wannan, gwargwadon yanayin rayuwa, kowane takamaiman jinsin ya fara samar da sifofi na tsari, salon rayuwa da tsarin abinci.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya asp yana kama
Whiteness shine kifin dangi. Kamar sauran membobin dangi, yana da kasusuwa da yawa. An bambanta kifin ta babban, m, gajartaccen jiki, wanda yake da siffar dunƙule. Baya baya madaidaiciya kuma yana da fadi, an zana shi cikin duhu, wani lokacin launin shuɗi. Yankunan kifin suna da launi launin toka, kuma an zana kayan ciki zinare kawai. An rufe jikin duka da sikeli na azurfa. Abin lura ne cewa asp yana da wutsiya mai ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Ya kamata a sani cewa ɓangaren ɓangarensa ya fi na sama tsawo. Ichthyologists sun lura da alamomin waje na halayya.
Hankula siffofin waje na asp:
- elongated, mai lankwasa kai;
- babban baki;
- babban ƙananan muƙamuƙi;
- ƙusoshin ƙwanƙwasa da ƙwanƙwasa suna da launin toka kuma suna da duhun haske;
- duk sauran fika-fikai da ke jikin kifin launuka ne ja ko lemu a tushe da launin toka zuwa ƙarshen.
Kan yana da girma, yana da tsayi a cikin sifa. Yana da manyan lebba, na tsoka da ɗan ƙaramin muƙamuƙi. Muƙamuƙin waɗannan wakilan carps ba su da haƙori. Madadin haka, akwai keɓaɓɓiyar tubercles da tsagi. Tarin fuka suna kan ƙasan muƙamuƙi. Chesididdigar suna a saman kuma an yi niyyar ƙofar tarin fuka, waɗanda ke ƙasa. Wannan tsarin muƙamuƙanka yana ba ka damar karɓar ganima nan take, wanda kawai ba shi da damar tsira. Irin wannan tsarin na kayan bakin yana bawa asp damar farauta koda kuwa ga manyan ganima.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abin mamaki, akwai ƙananan inci a cikin asp pharynx.
Manya, manyan mutane sun kai tsawon jiki na mita 1-1.3. Nauyin jikin irin wannan kifin kilogram 11-13 ne. Matsakaicin girman balagaggen mutum ya kai santimita 50-80, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 6-7.
A ina asp yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Asp a Rasha
Asp yana da matukar damuwa game da yanayin rayuwa. Yana da matukar mahimmanci ga wannan nau'in kifin ya sami babban tafki, mai zurfin zurfin teku. Dole ne ta sami ruwa mai tsafta da wadataccen abinci da iskar oxygen. Ba za a taɓa samun kifi a cikin tafkunan da suka ƙazantu ko ba su da isasshen abinci ba. Yawancin jama'ar da ke zaune a yankin ƙasar Rasha suna zaune a manyan wuraren ruwa, manyan koguna, teku da tabkuna. Tabbatacce ne tabbatacce cewa ana samun farin a kudancin tekun Rasha, kogin Arewa da na Baltic.
Yankin jujjuyawar mazaunin kifi karami ne. Ya bazu zuwa Gabas da wani yanki na Yammacin Turai. Masanan Ichthyologists sun bayyana shi a matsayin yanki tsakanin Kogin Ural da Rhine River. Wannan hanyar ruwa ita ce mafi girma a Turai kuma ta ratsa ƙasashen Turai shida. An bayyana iyakokin kudu na mazaunin kifi ta yankuna na Asiya ta Tsakiya: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan.
Iyakokin kudu na mazaunin kifi sun haɗa da:
- Tekun Caspian;
- Tekun Aral;
- Amu Darya;
- Syrdarya.
Ba a samun kifaye kifi a cikin Tekun Svityaz, Neva, Onega da Ladoga. Lokaci-lokaci zaka iya haduwa da Zherekh akan Tafkin Balkhash. An kawo ta can ta hanyar kere-kere.
Menene asp ci?
Photo: Kifi asp
A dabi'ance, asp shine mai farauta. Koyaya, banda asalin wasu masu farautar, ya zama sananne ne saboda yanayin yadda yake farauta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don kama abincinsa, kifin yayi tsalle sama da ruwan sai kawai ya faɗo akansa. Don haka, tana mamakin abin farauta. Bayan wannan, a sauƙaƙe tana iya kamewa ta haɗiye shi.
Tsarin kayan bakin da sifofin kamanninsa suna nuna cewa kifin yana rayuwa ne a saman ko tsakiyar layin ruwa. Bayan asp din ya kai girman girman akalla santimita 35 a tsayi, kuma ya sami nauyin jiki da ake bukata, sai ya fara rayuwa ta farauta. A lokacin girma da ci gaba, babban abincin da ake samarwa shine plankton da kwari na cikin ruwa.
Samar da abinci ga manya:
- vobla;
- warwarewa;
- zane-zane;
- zander;
- gudgeon;
- bream na azurfa;
- chub;
- kananan crustaceans.
Abincin da aka fi so na farin goge ana iya ɗauka matasa matasa na roach ko bream. Hakanan zasu iya ciyar da ruwan sha, larvae, soya da ƙwai na rayuwar ruwa daban-daban. Asp ana daukar shi gaba daya bashi da abinci, saboda haka yana cin kusan komai wanda za'a iya ɗaukar abincin kifi. Biyan farauta don kifin da suka dace azaman tushen abinci a cikin girma. Suna iya kama mutane waɗanda tsawon jikinsu bai wuce santimita 15 ba. Baƙon abu ne ga waɗannan maharban su jira abin da suke farauta a keɓantaccen wuri. Kullum suna bin ta suna dame ta da duka akan ruwan.
A lokacin ruwan sama mai karfi, tare da farkon lokacin sanyi, ko a yanayi mara kyau, kifin ya kusan nutsewa zuwa ƙasa sosai. Lokaci kawai suke tashi sama don biyan yunwar su. Bayan hunturu, kifayen suna da rauni sosai. Ba za su iya yin rayuwa irin ta farauta ba kuma suna bin abin da suke ganima na dogon lokaci. A wannan lokacin, har sai sun sami karfi, suna ciyar da kwari, larvae, ruwan sha mai kyau da sauran kananan mazaunan tafki.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Asp karkashin ruwa
Wannan wakilin irin kifin ya fi son sararin kogi tare da saurin gudu, musamman makullai da ayyukan ruwa. Waɗannan wurare sune matattarar mazaunin kifi. Suna da duk yanayin da ake buƙata don farauta mai nasara da wadataccen abinci. Arar ruwa da ambaliyar ruwa suna ɓoyewa tare da rufe tasirin tasirin ruwan, tare da taimakon kifin yake samun abincinsu. A wuraren da babu irin wannan kwararar da karar ruwa, kifi ba safai ba.
Asp shine ɗayan manyan wakilai na dangi. A dabi'ance, an bashi kyawawan halaye kuma, bayan ya isa girmansa, yana jagorantar salon lalata. Farar fata yana da matukar damuwa ga zafin jiki na ruwa. Wannan ma'aunin yana da tasiri mai ƙarfi a kan girma da kuma tsawon rai. Ana kiran wannan kifin a matsayin masu shekaru ɗari. Masanan Ichthyologists basu iya tantance ainihin shekarun ba, amma sun iya gano cewa wasu mutane sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 13-15.
Tana bin wannan rayuwar mai tsawo saboda saurin walƙiya na amsawa. Haka kuma, kifin yana da kunya sosai. Idan ta hango inuwa mai zuwa daga nesa, nan take za ta ɓuya cikin keɓantaccen wuri, amintacce. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, kifi suna taruwa a makarantu don haɓaka lambobin su da haɓaka damar rayuwa. Yayinda makarantu suka girma, sai suka watse kuma kifayen ke gudanar da rayuwa ta musamman. Kifi ba su da bambanci a cikin abincinsu, suna iya kusan kusan duk abin da za su samu a cikin ruwan kogi. Saboda wannan, suna girma da sauri kuma suna samun nauyin jiki.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Asp akan Volga
Balaga yana faruwa kusan shekara ta uku ta rayuwa. Kifin a shirye yake don ba da rai lokacin da nauyin jikinsa ya wuce kilogram ɗaya da rabi. Zamanin haihuwa a cikin kifin da ke zaune a yankunan arewa yana zuwa bayan shekara biyu zuwa uku fiye da kifin da ke zaune a yankunan kudanci.
Farkon lokacin kiwo kai tsaye ya dogara da yanayi da yanayin zafin ruwa a mazaunin kifin. A yankuna na kudanci, ƙwanƙwasawa yana farawa a tsakiyar Afrilu kuma yana ɗaukar makonni da yawa. Ruwan zafin da yafi dacewa don kiwo shine daga digiri 7 zuwa 15. Asp ya haɗu biyu-biyu, sabili da haka, yawancin nau'i-nau'i sun fage a cikin ƙasa ɗaya a lokaci guda, wanda ke haifar da jin daɗin kiwo.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yayin aiwatar da haihuwa, maza suna shirya gasa don haƙƙin haƙƙin mace. Yayin wannan yakin, zasu iya haifar da mummunan rauni da lalata juna.
Asp yana neman wuri mai dacewa don spawn. A ƙa'ida, wannan yana faruwa ne a raƙuman yashi ko yashi a gadon matattarar ruwa da ake zaune koyaushe. A yayin binciken, yawancin mutane suna tashi sosai, koda kuwa suna matsawa akan halin yanzu. Mace mai matsakaicin haihuwa ta haihu game da ƙwai 60,000 - 100,000, waɗanda ke zaune a kan tushe da sauran sassan ciyayi da ke mutuwa a lokacin sanyi. Qwai suna lullube da abu mai danko, godiya ta yadda ake dogaro da su a kan ciyawar.
Karkashin yanayi mai kyau da kuma yanayin zafin ruwa mai kyau, tsutsa ta bayyana a cikin makonni 3-4. Idan zafin ruwan ba shi da ƙasa da matsakaita, tsutsa tana fitowa daga ƙwai nan gaba.
Makiyan makiya asp
Photo: Babban asp
Asp kamun kifi ne, mai saurin tashin hankali, wanda a dabi'ance yana da taka tsantsan, ji sosai, hangen nesa da sauran azanci. Ko a lokacin da kifin yake farauta, yana sarrafa duk sararin da ke kewaye da shi har ma yana lura da haɗari ko abokin gaba daga nesa. Yana da kyau a lura cewa kananan dabbobi da larva suna da yawan abokan gaba, shi yasa suke taruwa a cikin garken.
Abokan gaba na farar fata:
- kifin teku;
- kayan kwalliya;
- fure;
- mikiya;
- ya fi girma nau'ikan kifayen farauta.
Tare da cewa kifin na da taka tsantsan kuma yana da gabobi masu ma'ana, yana haifar da rayuwa mai cike da hayaniya. Dangane da wannan, asp ya zama abin juya kifi a cikin ƙasashen Turai da yawa. Koyaya, yana da matukar wahala kama shi.
Hakanan, yawan jama'ar yana shafar gurɓataccen ruwa wanda kifi ke rayuwa a ciki. Wannan ya zama dalilin mutuwar adadi mai yawa na kifaye, musamman idan ruwan ya gurɓata da silar masana'antar da sharar fasaha.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Yaya asp yana kama
A yau, yawan kifayen yana raguwa cikin sauri a yankuna daban-daban na mazaunin sa. Babban dalilan faruwar wannan lamari sune kamun kifi da gidajen sauro na samari wadanda basu iya rayuwa ba har zuwa lokacin kiwo, da kuma gurbata muhallinsu.
A yau, irin waɗannan ƙananan ƙasashe kamar Asif na Asiya mafi ƙarancin yawa. Wurin zama na wannan ƙananan ƙananan shine rafin damisa a cikin ƙasashe kamar Iraq da Syria.
Tare da raguwar yawan jama'a, farashin wannan kifin yana ƙaruwa sosai. Wannan yana taimakawa ga karuwar masu farauta. Suna amfani da haramtattun na'urori da kamun kifi don farautar farauta. A cikin mazaunin asp, manyan masu farauta masu fuka-fukai suna zaune kusa da su, wanda da yawansu ke kama su daga ruwa yayin farautar, wanda kuma yana rage yawansu.
Canje-canje a yanayin canjin yanayi da sanyaya suna da mummunan tasiri akan yawan jama'a. Kifi yana da matukar ma'ana ga irin waɗannan abubuwan. Sakamakon canje-canje a yanayin zafi na ruwa, tsawon rai yana raguwa kuma lokacin kiwo ya yi jinkiri.
Tsare asp
Hotuna: Asp daga littafin Red
Kasancewar yawan asp yana raguwa koyaushe, kuma yawan Asp din Asiya kadan ne, yasa aka sanya shi a matsayin wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan da suke dab da karewa kuma suka shiga littafin Red Book na kasa da kasa.
Dangane da wannan, Internationalungiyar forungiyar forasa ta Kariyar areananan Wakilai ta Hanyar Naman Cuta da Fauna na haɓaka shirye-shirye na musamman da nufin kiyayewa da ƙara yawan asps. Sun haɗa da cikakken nazarin salon rayuwa, yanayin abinci mai gina jiki, da sauran abubuwa da alamomin da suka dace don ƙirƙirar kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa don kiwon kifi a cikin yanayin wucin gadi.
A cikin yankuna na mahalli, an hana cin kifi, musamman tare da taimakon raga da hanyoyin da aka hana. Gidan kifi yana kulawa kuma koyaushe sa ido ta cikin kulawar kifin. Masu karya doka da ƙa'idodi na yanzu suna fuskantar hukuncin tarawa ta hanyar biyan tara a cikin manya manyan matakai.
Cibiyoyin masana'antu da masana'antu, waɗanda sharar su na iya haifar da gurɓata mahalli da mutuwar kifi, wajibi ne su wadata da tsarin kula da shara.
Asp Abin kama-karya ne, mafi girman kifin dangi. Naman nasa yana da dandano na musamman da kuma kewayon abubuwa masu amfani ga mutane, kodayake bashi da yawan kasusuwa. A yau yawan waɗannan kifin ba su da yawa, sabili da haka asirin asp yana cikin littafin Red Book na Duniya.
Ranar bugawa: 06.10.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 11.11.2019 a 12:18
