Angler - wani baƙon abu mai zurfin zurfin teku mai kama da dodanni daga almara. Abin ban mamaki kuma ba kamar sauran ba. Duk siffofin waje an daidaita su don zama a ƙarƙashin babban layin ruwa, a cikin zurfin zurfin duhu da rahusa. Bari muyi ƙoƙari muyi nazari dalla-dalla game da rayuwar su ta ban mamaki, kifi ba kawai ga bayyanuwa ba, har ma da halayen halayen su, halayen su, hanyoyin kiwo da fifikon abinci.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Angler
Masu kamun kifi kuma ana kiransu kifin monkfish, suna cikin ɓangaren ƙananan kifin mai rai-finned, zuwa ga umarnin anglerfish. Masarautar waɗannan kifaye tana cikin zurfin zurfin teku. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa kamun kifin farko ya bayyana a Duniya sama da shekaru miliyan 100 da suka gabata. Duk da wannan, waɗannan kifaye masu ban mamaki har yanzu basu da cikakken nazari, a bayyane saboda irin wanzuwar zurfin tekursu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mata ne kawai ke da sandar kamun kifi tsakanin masun kifi.
Dukkan masunta sun kasu zuwa gida 11, wanda ya kunshi nau'ikan kifaye sama da 120. Daban-daban sun bambanta ba kawai a wuraren dindindin ba, amma kuma a cikin girma, nauyi, da wasu siffofin waje.
Daga cikin nau'ikan akwai:
- baƙar-baƙi (Turai ta Kudu) anglerfish;
- Kifi na Gabas ta Gabas;
- Kifin Angler na Amurka;
- Batman kamun kifi;
- Yammacin tekun flanti na Atlantic;
- kamun kifin
- Kifi na Afirka ta Kudu.
Sandunan mata masu kamun kifi suna da tsari daban-daban, fasali da girma, duk ya dogara da nau'in kifin. Yawancin ci gaban fata yana yiwuwa akan illicia. A cikin wasu masun kifi, suna da ikon ninkawa da faɗaɗa ta amfani da tashar musamman akan tudu. Gudu a cikin duhu, Esca gland ce wacce take cike da gamsai mai ɗauke da ƙwayoyin cuta. Kifin kansa yana haifar da haske ko dakatar da shi, yana faɗaɗa da kuma rage tasoshin. Haske da walƙiya daga koto daban-daban kuma kowane nau'in kifin na mutum ne.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya mai kamun kifi yake
Kamar yadda bayani ya gabata, mace ta banbanta da namiji kasancewar akwai sanda na musamman da ake amfani da shi don jan hankalin ganima. Amma bambancin jinsi bai tsaya a nan ba, maza da mata na masu kamun kifi sun banbanta har masana kimiyya suka saba sanya su a matsayin jinsuna daban-daban. Kifi, Namiji da Mace, sun banbanta kwarai da girmansu.
Mata ƙattai ne idan aka kwatanta da kyawawa. Girman mata na iya bambanta daga 5 cm zuwa mita biyu, nauyin na iya zuwa zuwa kilogiram 57, kuma tsayin maza bai wuce cm 5. Waɗannan su ne manyan bambancin sigogi! Wani yanayin dimorphism ya ta'allaka ne da cewa 'yan mata masu karamin karfi suna da kyaun gani da wari, wanda suke buƙatar samun abokin tarayya.
Girman nau'ikan kifin angler ya bambanta a cikin nau'ikan daban-daban, za mu bayyana wasu daga cikinsu. Tsawon jikin kifin na Turai na iya zuwa tsayin mita biyu, amma, a matsakaici, bai wuce mita ɗaya da rabi ba. Mafi girman girman irin wannan babban kifin ya fara daga kilogiram 55 zuwa 57.7. Jikin kifin bashi da sikeli, an maye gurbinsa da yawancin ci gaban fata da tarin fuka. Tsarin mulki na kifin ya daidaita, ya matse daga gefen dutsen da ciki. Idanun suna kanana, suna nesa sosai da juna. Theunƙarar tana da launin ruwan kasa ko launin ruwan kasa-ƙasa, ana samun sautin mai launin ja, kuma ana iya samun diga-dugai masu duhu a jiki.
Tsawon tsuntsayen kamun kifi na Amurka ya fara daga 90 zuwa 120 cm, kuma nauyinsa kusan kilogram 23 ne. Girman nau'ikan kamun kifin mai tsananin bakar fuska ya bambanta daga rabin mita zuwa mita. Tsawon tsuntsayen kamun kifin na yammacin tekun Atlantika bai wuce cm 60 ba. Kifin Cape monkfish yana da katon kai, wanda yake sannu a hankali, wutsiyar kifin ba ta da tsawo. A tsawon lokaci, wannan kifin yawanci baya wuce alamar mita.
Masun kifin na Gabas mai nisa ya kai mita ɗaya da rabi, ɓangaren kansa yana da faɗi sosai kuma ya daidaita. Nan da nan sananne shine babban bakin da kuma ƙaramin ƙashin ƙugu, wanda aka wadata shi da layuka ɗaya ko biyu na haƙoran kaifi. Abubuwan da ke kafa a kirji suna da fadi sosai kuma suna da jijiyar jiki. A sama, an zana kifin a cikin launuka masu launin ruwan kasa tare da ɗigo na inuwa mai haske, waɗanda aka tsara ta kan iyaka mai duhu. Ciki yana da inuwa mai haske.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Monkfish yana tafiya tare da saman ƙasa ta amfani da tsalle, wanda zasu iya yin godiya ga ƙoshin ƙarfi na ƙarfi.
Gabaɗaya, masanan ƙwararrun masarufi ne, sun haɗu gaba ɗaya tare da ƙasan, sun zama kusan ba za'a iya rarrabewa daga ƙasa ba. Kowane irin kumburi da ci gaba a jikinsu suna ba da gudummawa ga wannan. A garesu biyu na kai, masun kifayen suna da fata mai kama da yawo tare da muƙamuƙi, a kan leben kifin. A waje, wannan geron ya yi kama da algae da ke jujjuyawa a cikin ruwa, saboda wannan, kifayen sun fi kama da muhalli.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kifin kamun kifin da aka kama daga zurfin ya sha bamban da na ƙasa. Ya zama kumbura, kuma idanuwansa kamar zasu fita daga kewayensu, duk game da matsin lamba ne, wanda ya isa sararin samaniya 300 a zurfin.
A ina ne masun kifi ke rayuwa?
Photo: Angler karkashin ruwa
Masu kamun kifi suna zama cikin zurfin zurfin da ya faro daga kilomita daya da rabi zuwa kilomita uku da rabi. Sun daɗe suna dacewa da duhu da matsi mai yawa a cikin ruwan teku. Bakin kifin mai tsananin bakar fata yana zaune ne a gabashin Tekun Atlantika, bayan da ya so yankin daga Senegal zuwa tsibirin Burtaniya.
Wannan kifin mai kamun kifi yana zaune a cikin ruwan Bahar Maliya da Bahar Rum. Daga sunan ya bayyana sarai cewa kamun kifin na yammacin tekun Atlantika an yi masa rajista a yammacin gabar Tekun Atlantika, yana rayuwa cikin zurfin daga mita 40 zuwa 700.
Bakin kifin Ba'amurke ya zauna a gabar Tekun Atlantika da ke Arewacin Amurka, ya dogara ne a arewa maso yammacin Atlantika a zurfin mita 650 zuwa 670. Hakanan Baturen Turai ya kuma yi wa Atlantic dadi, kawai an kafa shi kusa da gabar Turai, yankin da yake zaune ya faro daga fadadowar ruwa na Barents Sea da Iceland zuwa Gulf of Guinea, kuma kifin ma yana zaune a cikin Baƙin Baƙi, Baltic da Tekun Arewa.
Masun kifi na Gabas suna son Tekun Japan; yana zaune tare da yankin bakin teku na Korea, a cikin Peter the Great Bay, ba da nisa da tsibirin Honshu ba. Yanzu kun san inda aka samu kifin angulu. Bari mu ga abin da wannan kifin mai-zurfin ruwa ya ci.
Menene kifin mai kamun kifi yake ci?
Hotuna: Angler
Monkfish masu farauta ne waɗanda menu suka fi kifi da shi. Kifi mai zurfin teku na iya zama abun ciye-ciye ga masun kifi, wanda yake da taurin kai yana jiran su kwanton bauna.
Wadannan kifin sun hada da:
- hauliodov;
- gonostomy;
- ƙwanƙyali ko ƙyanƙyashe kifi;
- melamfaev.
A cikin cikin kamun kifin da aka kama, ƙwayoyin cuta, ƙananan haskoki, kodin, eel, matsakaitan matsakaitan kifaye, da yawo. Speciesananan dabbobin da ke cin ganyayyaki a kan herring da mackerel. Akwai shaidar cewa masun kifi sun kai hari kan karamin kaza. Shaidanun aljannu suna cin burodin crustaceans da cephalopods, gami da kifin kifi da squid. Malesananan maza suna cin abubuwan jurewa da waƙoƙi.
Tsarin farautar kifin monkfish abin birgewa ne matuka. Bayan ya lulluɓe kuma ya ɓuya a ƙasan, kifin ya haskaka bait ɗin sa (esku) wanda yake a ƙarshen sandar, sai ya fara wasa da shi, yana yin motsi kwatankwacin nishaɗin ƙaramin kifin. Mace ba ta haƙuri, tana haƙuri tana jiran ganima. Mala'ikan yana tsotse matsakaiciyar mai azaba a cikin kansa tare da saurin walƙiya. Hakanan ya faru cewa kifin dole ne ya kawo hari, wanda aka yi shi a cikin tsalle. Tsallen yana yiwuwa ne ta hanyar godiya ga karfi da ƙoshin firam ko fitowar rafin ruwa ta cikin kwazazzabai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da babban bakin kifin ya buɗe, wani abu kamar fanko ne ake samu, don haka ganima, tare da rafin ruwa, ana tsotsa cikin bakin angler.
Cutar iska ta masunta galibi suna yi musu ba'a mai ban dariya. Ciki na mata na da ikon miƙawa da ƙarfi sosai, saboda haka abincinsu na iya nunkawa kifin sau uku. Mala'ikan ya shaƙe irin wannan babban abincin, amma ba zai iya tofar da shi ba, saboda haƙoran kifin suna kallon ciki, don haka ya shaƙa ya mutu.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Marine angler
Ba a san komai game da yanayi da rayuwar kifin kifin kifi, game da wannan har yanzu ba a yi karatun su sosai ba. Wadannan halittu masu zurfin zurfin teku suna lullube da sirri. Masana kimiyya sun gano cewa mace mai girman kai ba ta ganin komai kuma ba ta da ƙarancin ƙanshi, kuma maza, akasin haka, suna sa ido ga abokin tarayya ba kawai tare da taimakon gani ba, har ma da ƙanshi. Don gano kifin mace wanda yake daga cikin jinsinsu, suna mai da hankali ga sanda, yanayin bait da haske.
Halin waɗannan kifaye masu zurfin-ruwa yana cikin wata hanyar da za'a iya gani ta hanyar alaƙar da ke tsakanin namiji da mace, wanda babu irin sa a cikin wasu nau'ikan kifin kifin. Daga cikin waɗannan kifaye masu ban mamaki, akwai wani abin mamaki kamar parasitism na maza.
Hali ne na iyalai huɗu na kifin angler:
- linophrine;
- ceratia;
- novoceratievs;
- caulofrin.
Irin wannan yanayin alamomin na ban mamaki ana bayyana shi ne gaskiyar cewa namiji mai kula da jikin mace, a hankali yana juyawa zuwa kayan aikinta. Bayan ya ga abokin tarayyarsa, namiji a zahiri ya ciza a cikin ta tare da taimakon haƙoransa masu kaifi, sa'annan ya fara girma tare da harshenta da leɓunanta, sannu a hankali yana juyawa zuwa jikin jikin da ake buƙata don samar da maniyyi. Cin, mace kuma tana ciyar da maigidan da ya girma a gare ta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A jikin kifin mata, ana iya samun maza shida a lokaci ɗaya, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don fara takin ƙwai a lokacin da ya dace.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Deep teku angler
Balagagge na jima'i yana faruwa a cikin jinsuna daban-daban a cikin shekaru daban-daban. Misali, maza daga cikin kifin Turawan Turai sun balaga zuwa kusan shekaru shida, kuma mata na iya haihuwar 'yan shekaru 14 kawai, lokacin da tsayinsu ya kai mita. Lokacin ɓoyewa don waɗannan kifaye masu ban mamaki baya faruwa gaba ɗaya a lokaci guda. Yawan kifayen da ke zaune a arewa suna zuwa haihuwa daga Maris zuwa Mayu. Kifi daga kudu ya samo asali daga Janairu zuwa Yuni.
A lokacin kamun kifi na bikin aure, mata masu kamun kifi da mazajensu suna ciyar da zurfin mita 40 zuwa 2 km. Bayan sun sauka zuwa zurfin, mace zata fara haihuwa, kuma mazan suna takin ƙwai. Bayan haka, kifayen suna garzayawa zuwa ruwa mara zurfi, inda suke fara cin abincin. Dukkanin ribbons an ƙirƙira su ne daga ƙwai kifi na angler, waɗanda aka rufe da gamsai a saman. Faɗin irin wannan tef na iya zama daga 50 zuwa 90 cm, tsayinsa daga 8 zuwa mita 12, kuma kaurinsa bai wuce 6 mm ba. Irin waɗannan kifin ribbon na ƙwai, waɗanda suka ƙunshi kusan miliyan ɗaya daga cikinsu, suna taɓewa a cikin ruwan teku, kuma ƙwai ɗin da ke cikinsu suna cikin ƙwayoyin halittu masu kusurwa huɗu.
Bayan ɗan lokaci, bangon wayar salula ya faɗi, kuma ƙwai sun riga suna cikin iyo kyauta. Tsutsayen tsuntsayen Anglerfish da aka kyankyashe sati biyu suna wanzuwa a saman matakan ruwa. An bambanta su da manyan kifaye ta sifar jikinsu, wanda ba a daidaita shi ba; soyayyar tana da manyan fika-fikai. Na farko, suna cin abinci a kan ƙananan ɓawon burodi, ƙwai da larvae na sauran kifaye.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Girman ƙwai yana iya zama daban, duk ya dogara da nau'in kifin. A cikin kamun kifin na Turai, caviar ya banbanta daga 2 zuwa 4 mm a diamita, a cikin baƙon Amurka ya fi ƙanƙanta, diamita daga 1.5 zuwa 1.8 mm.
Ara girma da girma, toyawar kamun kifi na canzawa koyaushe, a hankali yana zama kama da 'yan uwansu da suka manyanta. Lokacin da tsawon jikinsu ya kai 8 mm, kifin yana motsawa ya zauna daga farfajiyar zuwa zurfin ciki. A cikin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, shaitanun ruwa suna girma cikin sauri, to saurin ci gaban su ya ragu sosai. Tsawon rayuwar da aka auna don masu kamun kifi ta dabi'a ta bambanta dangane da nau'in kifin, amma ana iya kiran kifin Bahar Amurka mai dogon hanta tsakanin wadannan mazauna teku masu zurfin ciki, wanda zai iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru 30.
Anglerfish makiya na halitta
Photo: Namijin angler
Kusan kamun kifin ba shi da makiya a cikin yanayin yanayi. A bayyane, wannan saboda yanayin rayuwarsa ta zurfin teku, tsoratarwa da sifofin waje da baiwa don suturar da ba ta wuce ta. Kusan ba zai yuwu ka ga irin wannan kifin a ƙasan ba, saboda ya haɗu da ƙasar da ke saman ta yadda za ta zama ɗaya da ita.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, kwaɗayin kansa don abinci da yawan hadama yakan lalata rayuwar kifi. Mala'ikan yana haɗiye ganima mai yawa, wannan shine dalilin da yasa ya shaƙe shi ya mutu, saboda baya iya tofa shi saboda tsarin hakora na musamman. Akwai lokuta da yawa na kasancewar ganima da aka kama a cikin ciki na masunta, waɗanda ƙarancin santimita kaɗan ne cikin girma ga mai farautar-kifin kanta.
Daga cikin abokan gaba na masunta za a iya samun mutane masu daraja waɗanda ke kama kifi don wannan kifin na ban mamaki. Naman kifin monkfish ana ɗaukarsa abinci ne mai kyau, kusan babu ƙashi a ciki, yana da daidaito sosai. Yawancin waɗannan kifin suna kamawa ne a cikin Burtaniya da Faransa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai hujja cewa kowace shekara a duniya ana kama daga tan dubu 24 zuwa 34 na nau'in Turai na anglerfish.
Naman kifi na da daɗi mai daɗi, mara ƙiba ko kaɗan. Amma galibi suna amfani da wutsiyar kifin don abinci, kuma duk abin da galibi ana ɗaukarsa shara ne.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Yaya mai kamun kifi yake
Kamar yadda aka ruwaito a baya, kifin kifin shine kifin kasuwanci. Ana amfani da trawls na ƙasa na ƙasa da tarun gill don kama shi, don haka mazaunin teku mai zurfi ba ya adana wannan kifin da ba a saba gani ba. Kama kamun kifin na Turai a cikin dubunnan tan yana haifar da raguwar yawanta, wanda ba zai iya damuwa ba. Kifi yana wahala saboda namansa mai daɗi da ɗanɗano, wanda kusan ba shi da ƙashi. Musamman Faransanci sun san abubuwa da yawa game da jita-jita na monkfish.
A cikin Brazil, ana hakar kifin a gabar tekun Atlantika ta Yamma, a duk duniya ana kama shi kowace shekara a tan dubu 9. Yin kamun kifi a sikelin da yawa ya haifar da ƙarancin kifi a wasu wuraren zama kuma ana ɗaukarsa cikin haɗari. Don haka, alal misali, ya faru ne da kifin Amurka, wanda kaɗan ne kawai ya rage saboda kamun kifi, wanda ke haifar da damuwa ga ƙungiyoyin kiyaye muhalli da yawa.
Don haka, yawan kifin masunta yana raguwa. Foraunar cin naman kifi mai dadi ya haifar da wasu nau'ikan ga barazanar bacewa, saboda kamun kifin da yawa. A wasu ƙasashe da yankuna, ana ɗaukar kifin a matsayin Red Book kuma yana buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman don kar ya ɓace daga zurfin teku kwata-kwata.
Mala'ikan kifi na angler
Photo: Angler daga littafin Red
Kamar yadda muka riga muka lura, yawan kifin masunta na raguwa, don haka a wasu yankuna ba su da yawa daga cikinsu. Babban kamun wannan kifin, wanda ake ɗaukarsa na kasuwanci kuma musamman mai ƙima dangane da dandano da halayen ƙoshin abinci, ya haifar da irin wannan yanayi mai ban takaici.Kimanin shekaru takwas da suka gabata, sanannen kungiyar "Greenpeace" ta haɗa da kifin Ba'amurke a cikin Lissafinsa na Lissafin rayuwar ruwa, waɗanda ke cikin babbar barazanar ɓarna saboda kamun kifi da ba shi da iko. A yankin Ingila, a cikin manyan kantunan an haramta siyar da masunta.
An saka kifin kifin na Turai a cikin littafin Red Data na Ukraine tun 1994 a matsayin jinsin da ke cikin hatsari. Babban matakan kariya anan sune hana kamun wannan kifin, gano wuraren da za'ayi aikin dindindin da hada su a cikin jerin wuraren kariya. A yankin Krimiya, kifin Turai kuma yana kan Lissafin Layi, saboda yana da matukar wuya.
A wasu ƙasashe, kamun kifin na kifi na ci gaba, kodayake dabbobinsu sun ragu sosai a kwanan nan, amma an ba da izinin kamun kifi. Ana fatan nan gaba kaɗan za a gabatar da wasu ƙuntatawa kan kamun waɗannan halittu masu zurfin ruwa, in ba haka ba yanayin na iya zama ba za a iya gyarawa ba.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in ƙara cewa irin wannan mazaunin ban mamaki mai zurfin duhu, kamar angler, yana bugawa ba kawai tare da bayyanarsa da kasancewar sandar kama kifi ta musamman ba, amma har ma da babban bambancin tsakanin daidaikun mata da kifayen mutane. Yawancin abubuwa masu ban al'ajabi da rashin ganowa suna faruwa a cikin masarautar zurfin teku na tekunan duniya, gami da, kuma har yanzu ba a gudanar da cikakken bincike kan waɗannan kifaye masu ban mamaki ba, wanda ya ƙara jan hankalinsu kuma ya tayar da sha'awar da ba a taɓa gani ba.
Ranar bugawa: 09/25/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 25.09.2019 a 23:01
