Ternetia - kifin da yawancin masoya akwatin kifaye suka sani, kodayake galibi ana san shi ta ƙarƙashin suna daban - baƙon tetra. Yana da mashahuri a matsayin dabbar dabba saboda yanayin rashin dacewar dangi, fitowar fitowar sa da launuka iri-iri. Bugu da kari, yana tafiya tare da kyau a cikin akwatin kifaye tare da wasu nau'o'in da yawa. Duk wannan yana sanya kyakkyawan zaɓi ga waɗanda suke farawa da kifin akwatin kifaye.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Ternetia
Halittun farko masu kama da kifi sun taso ne lokaci mai tsawo da suka wuce: kimanin shekaru miliyan 530 da suka gabata. Ba su kasance kifi ba tukuna, amma daga cikin irin waɗannan dabbobin da ba su da kumburi kamar haikouichtis sune kakannin kifaye.
Su kansu kifin ma sun bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 430 da suka gabata. Kodayake jinsunan da ke rayuwa a cikin tsohuwar tekun duk sun mutu kuma sun yi kama da na zamani, amma tuni an gano sauran sifofi na asali tun daga wancan lokacin, kuma wadancan jinsin sune magabatan wadanda ke zaune a duniyar yanzu.
Bidiyo: Ternetia
Farkon kifin da ya fara kaiwa bayan bayyanar hakoran hakora, bambancin jinsin ya karu sosai daga zamanin Silurian, kuma ya kasance a wani babban mataki har zuwa bacewar Permian. Sannan yawancin jinsuna sun bace, sauran kuma suka haifar da wani sabon zagaye na bunkasa nau'ikan halittu a zamanin Mesozoic.
Daga nan ne sai wani ɓarnar na haram ya tashi, wanda ya haɗa da ƙaya. Tsohon dadadden kifi wanda yake na tsari Santanichthys yana da shekaru miliyan 115. Har zuwa ƙarshen zamanin Cretaceous, sauran nau'ikan halittu da yawa sun bayyana, amma dukansu sun mutu.
Yawancinsu sunyi hakan yayin halakar Cretaceous-Paleogene. Amma wasu nau'in sun kasance, daga garesu ne na zamani suka samo asali, gami da ƙaya. Abubuwan tarihi na farko wadanda aka samo daga wakilan jinsin Thornes sun faro ne daga marigayi Miocene, suna da kimanin shekaru miliyan 9-11, kuma anyi su ne a Amurka ta Tsakiya.
Bayanin jinsin ya kasance wanda A. Bulenger yayi a shekarar 1895, sunan a Latin shine Gymnocorymbus ternetzi. A matsayin kifin akwatin kifaye, an fara kiyaye ƙaya bayan shekaru da yawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yadda ƙaya take
Theayayyun ƙanana ne: 3.5-5 cm, amma ta ƙa'idodin akwatin kifaye ya ma fi matsakaita. Jikinsu yana da fadi da fadi. Kayayyun da aka saba da su azurfa ce, masu ratsi uku masu duhu a gefuna. Mata da maza sun bambanta kaɗan: maza sun fi ƙanƙan haske da haske, fin ɗinsu ya ɗan nuna kaɗan kuma ya fi tsayi.
Fikafikan suna da translucent, banda manyan ƙoshin firam, shi ne ya ba da ƙaya, godiya gareshi ya zama gama gari kamar kifin akwatin kifaye. Ana ganin ƙaramin adipose a gaban wutsiya - halayyar kifi ce ta dangin haracin.
Wannan kifin yana da irin wannan a cikin yanayi, amma sauran bambancin launi an yi kiwonsu don aquariums, kuma mafi bambancin: ja, shuɗi, kore, lemu, lilac - launuka suna da haske sosai. Yayinda suke girma, kifin sannu a hankali yakan zama mai farauta, musamman ma waɗanda launinsa ba al'ada bane.
Subsungiyoyin gama gari:
- mayafi - yana da manyan fika-fikai;
- zinariya - zana a cikin zinare na zinare, ba tare da ratsi ba;
- an canza dabi'un halitta - launi mai haske sosai, musamman a ƙarƙashin hasken ultraviolet.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da cewa su kansu wadannan kifin ba su da wata illa, piranhas masu zubar da jini dangin su ne na kusa, sun kasance cikin tsari iri daya na kwatancin, kamar yadda yake a bayyane ta kamanceceniyar waje tsakanin wadannan kifaye.
Yanzu kun san yadda za ku kula da kifin ƙaya. Bari mu bincika inda aka same su a cikin yanayin su.
A ina ƙayayuwa ke rayuwa?
Hoto: Kifin Thornsia
A dabi'a, ana iya samun wannan kifin a Kudancin Amurka, Brazil da Paraguay.
Tana zaune a tafkunan manyan kogunan ruwa na Amazon, kamar su:
- Rio Negro;
- Guaporé;
- Parana;
- Madeira;
- Paraiba yi Sul.
Don ƙaya, kogunan da ba su narkewa ba, waɗanda suka cika da ciyayi, an fi so. Wannan baya nufin kifayen suna rayuwa ne a cikin manyan koguna kawai: shima yana rayuwa ne a kananan koguna, har ma da koramu - babban abin shine basu da sauri sosai.
Ruwa a cikin irin waɗannan ruwa masu jinkirin gudana mai laushi ne, ƙari, yana da ƙwarin guba sosai - kuma ƙayayuwa sun fi son wannan sosai. Hakanan suna son yankuna masu inuwa, kuma galibi zaka same su a cikin tafki a waɗancan wuraren da suke kusa da bishiyoyi, a inuwar su. Sun fi son koguna da ruwan duhu maimakon bayyana.
Yawancin lokaci suna yin iyo a cikin ruwa na sama, inda ya fi sauƙi a sami abincin da suka fi so. Zasu iya iyo a kowane yanki a cikin akwatin kifaye, kuma idan aka kiyaye su, don tabbatar da jin daɗin kifin, babban abu shine akwai karin shuke-shuke a wurin, kuma a tsakiyar akwai yanki don yin iyo kyauta.
Kifin ya isa Turai a cikin 1930s kuma da sauri ya bazu tsakanin masu mallakar akwatin kifaye. Hakan ya sauƙaƙa shi da gaskiyar cewa ƙaya mai sauƙin haƙuri da kamewa kuma ya yawaita a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Menene ƙaya ta ci?
Hoto: thorayayyun mata
A cikin yanayin yanayi, tushen abinci mai gina jiki ga wannan kifin:
- kwari;
- tsutsarsu.
- tsutsotsi;
- kananan crustaceans.
Galibi tafkunan da ƙaya ke zaune suna da yawa a cikin irin wannan abincin. Bugu da ƙari, wannan kifin ba shi da daɗi kuma ba ya da hankali game da abinci: yana iya cin kusan kowace ƙaramar halitta da za ta iya kamawa. Abinci ne na asalin dabbobi wanda yafi mamaye menu, kuma yakamata a ciyar dashi daidai a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Ana iya ba ta abinci mai rai da kuma na daskararre, kifin zai yi farin ciki daphnia, ɗankwalin jeji, ƙwarin jini. Ya fi so a ɗauki abinci a gefen ruwa sosai ko kuma a matsakaicin matsakaici, saboda wurin bakin daga ƙasa ba ya ɗaga shi. Idan kun ba da abinci da yawa lokaci guda, kifin na iya yin ove, kuma yawan wuce gona da iri na yau da kullun zai haifar da gaskiyar cewa sun yi ƙiba.
Idan akayi la’akari da wannan, zai fi kyau a basu irin wannan abincin da zai nitse zuwa ƙasa a hankali, yayin da yake shansa da ƙarfi. Sannan kifin zai cinye komai kuma kasan ba zai toshe ba. Theaya kanta ba ta da alamar, amma ya kamata a tuna cewa kana buƙatar ciyar da shi ta daidaitacciyar hanya, ba za ku iya ba da rana ɗaya bayan rana ba.
Dole ne a haɗa busasshen abinci tare da masu rai, ya kamata a gabatar da componentsan abubuwan da suka samo asali daga tsirrai a cikin abincin. Idan ƙaya ta ci abinci kai tsaye, za ta fara ciwo sau da yawa, za ta hayayyafa mafi muni, kuma rikice-rikice na rayuwa na kifin mai yiwuwa ne.
Yawancin haɗin haɗin kantin sayar da kayayyaki don nau'ikan wurare masu zafi sun dace. Zaɓuɓɓukan abinci waɗanda ke ƙunshe da dyes na halitta zasu zama da amfani - cin su, ƙaya ɗin ya dawo zuwa hasken da ya gabata. Fry kuma waɗanda kawai aka sauya zuwa sabon akwatin kifaye ke buƙatar ƙarin bitamin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Maleayayyun maza
A cikin rayuwar namun daji, ƙaya sun fi son ƙananan koguna ko ma rafi, suna rayuwa a cikin ƙananan garken mutane 10-20, yayin da suke nuna kwazo sosai, farauta a koyaushe, tsoratar da ƙananan kifaye har ma suna iya kaiwa juna hari.
Mafi sau da yawa, irin waɗannan hare-haren ba sa ƙarewa da mummunan rauni, duka abokan hamayyar sun kasance a cikin fakitin kuma sun daina rikici; duk da haka, wani lokacin kawai na ɗan lokaci. Kayayuwa suna shawagi daga mafarauta ta hanyoyi daban-daban, bayan haka suna sake taruwa ne kawai lokacin da suka koshi suka daina farauta.
A cikin akwatin kifaye, halayen kifi ya dogara da girman sa. Idan yana da fa'ida, to ƙayayuwa yawanci suna shawagi a cikin tsaka-tsalle kuma suna cinye mafi yawan lokaci a cikin ruwa kyauta. Idan akwatin kifaye ya kasance a ƙuntatacce, suna nuna bambanci sosai: galibi suna ɓoyewa a bayan tsire-tsire, kuma suna fita cin abinci ne kawai.
Don ƙaya, ana buƙatar akwatin kifaye na aƙalla lita 60, dole ne ya ƙunshi ƙasa da tsire-tsire. Wannan juz'i zai isa ga mutane goma. Ana buƙatar cewa akwatin kifaye yana da haske sosai kuma zafin ruwan da ke ciki ya ɗan ɗora sama da 20 ° C. Ya kamata a aiwatar da canjin ruwa kowane kwana biyu, 30-40% na yawansa ya kamata a sabunta kowane mako.
Tare da wasu kifaye, ƙayayuwa tana tafiya daidai, kodayake ya dogara da nau'ikan su. Zai fi kyau a adana shi tare da sauran haracin, kayan kwalliya, kayan kwalliya. Aboki mara kyau ga ƙananan ko kifaye masu rufi. Theayarsu da kansu ya kamata ya zama aƙalla 3-4, kuma zai fi dacewa 7-10, idan kun sanya kifi ɗaya kawai na wannan nau'in a cikin akwatin kifaye, zai nuna zalunci ga maƙwabta.
Hakanan ya shafi garken tumaki da suka yi ƙanana. Tare da adadi na yau da kullun, yawancin kifin galibin 'yan uwan juna ne ke shagaltar da su, suna yawan amfani da juna tare da juna, kuma koda fada ya tashi tsakanin su, a zahiri basu cutarwa. A cikin irin wannan garken, kifin zai yi fari da farin ciki da ido.
Soilasa a cikin akwatin kifaye ya kamata ya ƙunshi yashi ko tsakuwa mai kyau - kamar yadda yake a mazauninsu na yau da kullun. Za a iya sanya ƙananan drianƙƙun ruwa da yawa a ƙasan. Hanya mafi kyau ta rage hasken ita ce ta amfani da tsirrai masu shawagi a farfajiyar - wannan kuma zai haifar da yanayi irin wanda kifi ke rayuwa a cikin halitta.
Yana da kyau sosai don wadatar da ruwa da iskar oxygen, yana da amfani kuma a yi amfani da ɗayan kwandishan wanda ke haifar da tasirin "ruwan duhu". Idan kun yi duk abubuwan da ke sama, ƙayayyun za su ji kamar suna gida a cikin akwatin kifaye, kodayake kifayen ba su da ma'ana, saboda haka zaɓuɓɓukan sasantawa suma suna yiwuwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ya kamata a rufe akwatin kifaye tare da ƙaya saboda suna iya yin tsalle sosai don ma suyi tsalle daga ciki.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: thoraya mai launi
Kodayake garken ƙaya ƙananan ne, ana ƙirƙirar matsayi a cikinsu, faɗa ba sabon abu ba ne, inda maza ke gano wanda ya fi ƙarfi kuma zai karɓi fifiko na mata. Kifin ba ya karɓar rauni mai tsanani a cikin irin wannan faɗa, saboda haka ana iya watsi da su. A cikin akwatin kifaye, an fi so su haihu biyu-biyu, kodayake a wasu lokutan ana iya samun damar haihuwa ta makaranta. Don spawn, ana amfani da akwatin kifaye na musamman, an tsara shi don lita 30-35. Ya kamata ya ƙunshi ruwa mai ɗumi sosai: 25-26 ° C, taurin ya zama 4 dH, kuma acidity ya zama 7.0 pH.
Kafin haihuwa, ana buƙatar shiri: namiji da mace suna zaune kuma an ajiye su dabam har tsawon mako guda, ana ba su abinci mai gina jiki. Da farko, ana sanya namiji ne kawai a cikin wuraren da ake haihuwa, kuma bayan awa biyu zuwa uku sai a kara mace a ciki. Ya kamata akwatin kifin ya kasance a cikin inuwa, kuma a farkon gobe, yana buƙatar haskaka shi. A ƙasan kwalin da aka haifa, raga nailan tare da wadatattun ƙwayoyin halitta an sanya don ƙwai su wuce ta cikin su, amma sun yi kunkuntar da kifin kansa ba zai iya isa gare shi ba. Ba koyaushe ake yin jinkiri a rana ɗaya ba, wani lokacin ma bazai fara kwanaki da yawa ba. Don saurin saurin farawa a cikin irin waɗannan halaye, ana ciyar da kifin da ƙwarin jini.
Wata mace ta haihu daga ƙwai 500 zuwa 2,000 a yawancin allurai, aikin yana ɗaukar awanni. Har sai ya ƙare, kifin ba ya taɓa caviar, amma bayan ƙarshen suna iya ƙoƙarin cin shi. Sabili da haka, lokacin da aka gama spawning, ana shuka su nan da nan. A cikin filayen kiwo, tilas ne a saukar da matakin ruwa zuwa cm 10-12. Daga tazarar har zuwa bayyanar tsutsa, wucewar yini da rabi, da farko larvae suna rataye ne kawai a kan tsirrai ko gilashi. Suna haɓaka cikin sauri, kwanaki 4-5 sun ishe su su juya zuwa soya, ma'ana, su fara iyo da yardar kaina.
Ta haka ne kawai za a iya ciyar da su. Ana basu ciliates, brine shrimp nauplii da abinci na musamman. Da farko, abincin ya zama karami sosai, kuma ya kamata a ba shi a ƙananan ƙananan. Bayan lokaci, ya kamata a ƙara rabon, kuma abincin da kansa ya kamata ya fi girma. Soya na iya cin juna. Don hana wannan daga faruwa, yana da kyau a ware su ta girman su a sanya su cikin akwatinan ruwa daban daban. Kifi ya balaga da jima’i bayan sun wuce wata shida, wani lokacin kuma yakan wuce watanni 9-10. Zasu iya haifuwa har sai sun kai shekaru 2-2.5, suna rayuwa shekaru 3.5-5.
Abokan gaba na ƙaya
Photo: Yadda ƙaya take
Abokan gaba a yanayi a ƙayoyi gama gari ne ga ƙananan kifi: wannan babban kifi ne mai farauta da tsuntsu. Kodayake galibi, ƙaya tana rayuwa a cikin ƙananan ruwa, inda manyan kifaye ba su da yawa, amma duk da haka wani lokacin suna iya ziyartar kawai don ganima. A irin waɗannan yanayi, ƙaya za ta iya gudu kawai.
Amma sauran lokutan su da kansu galibi sukan juye su zama manyan masu farauta, saboda sauran mazaunan ƙananan kogunan da suke zaune sun fi ƙanana. A irin wannan yanayi, tsuntsaye na zama manyan abokan gabar su, saboda ba wuya gare su su fitar da karamin kifi daga wani kogi mara zurfi, kuma ba zai yi musu aiki su buya daga masu farauta ba.
Hakanan manyan sanduna da ƙananan dabbobi na iya zama haɗari gare shi, wanda wani lokaci na iya ƙoƙarin kama kifi, saboda ƙaya yawanci suna ajiyewa cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙani kusa da gabar.
Mutane ba su da wata damuwa a gare su: an yi nasarar sarrafa ƙaya a cikin akwatin kifaye, sabili da haka ba a taɓa kama sababbi ba, musamman tunda waɗannan kifin ba su da arha. Suna zaune ne a wuraren da basu ci gaba ba a cikin dazukan daji na Amazon, ta yadda ayyukan mutane kusan basu da wani tasiri akansu.
Suna da saukin kamuwa da cututtuka kaɗan, kuma wannan wani ƙari ne na kiyaye su a cikin akwatin kifaye. Har yanzu, matsaloli suna yiwuwa: suna iya kamuwa da kamuwa da fungal, wanda zaiyi magana akan farar fata a jiki. Idan kamuwa da cuta ya faru, ya kamata a cire kifin da ba shi da lafiya kuma a ba shi magani, kuma akwatin kifin ɗin ya kamata a kashe shi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoton Green Thornsia
Mazaunin ƙaya ya kasance kusan ba'a canza shi ba tun daga lokacin da aka gano su; har ma ya faɗaɗa kaɗan saboda shigar da wannan kifin da mutane suka yi a cikin tafkunan da ke kusa da mazauninsa. Ba a samo alamun damuwa ba, yanayi a cikin kogunan da wannan nau'in ke rayuwa, har zuwa yanzu, kusan bai sha wahala daga ayyukan ɗan adam ba, don haka babu abin da ke barazanar ƙaya.
Babu cikakken bayanai game da adadin su, babu lissafi. Koyaya, yana kama da ya kasance a daidai matakin, ko ma ya girma. Kodayake yankin ƙaya ba shi da girma sosai, kuma suna zaune ne a nahiya ɗaya kawai, yankuna da aka samo su suna da yawan jama'a.
A cikin tafkunan manyan kogunan Amazon da Kogin Paraguay, wannan kifin yana ɗaya daga cikin mafi yaduwa, kuma kuna iya samun sa ko'ina. Daga cikin ƙananan kifi, wannan nau'in na iya zama babba kuma ya kori wasu daga mafi kyawun yankuna. Suna ninka cikin sauri, ta yadda garken garken wani lokaci zasu raba, wasu suna zuwa neman wata rafin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yana da kyau a sanya su a cikin duhu, saboda in ba haka ba za su shuɗe da sauri fiye da yadda suka saba ba. Wannan ya shafi duka ƙayayyun launuka na ɗabi'a - daga waɗanda ke cikin duhu a hankali a hankali suna ƙara zama launin toka a cikin haske, kuma masu haske - da sauri za su shuɗe. Launinsu ya dushe kuma saboda damuwa, misali, sufuri ko dasawa, a wannan yanayin, haskenta na iya dawowa cikin lokaci.
Ternetia - zabi ne na yau da kullun don akwatin kifaye, saboda wannan kifin ya haɗu da kyakkyawa da karko, don haka kiyaye shi abu ne mai sauƙin, kuma ana iya farawa cikin aminci koda masu mallakar akwatin kifin ne. Kari akan haka, tana tare da sauran nau'ikan da yawa, don haka zaka iya ajiye ta a cikin akwatin kifaye na kowa - amma kuna buƙatar fara garken duka kuma ku ba da ƙarin sarari.
Ranar bugawa: 09/04/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 11.11.2019 a 12:13
