Schur - karamin tsuntsu mai ban mamaki, sanye da kayan almakashi mai haske. Shchur ɗan kawo kayan sanyi ne da sanyi, ya bayyana a cikin faɗin ƙasarmu lokacin da bishiyoyi ke cire kayan kaka, kuma sanyi na farko ya zama siraran bakin kankara akan kududdufai. Bari mu binciki yadda rayuwar tsuntsu take, mu bayyana yadda take, muyi nazarin halaye da halaye, mu bayyana abubuwan dandano, wuraren zama na dindindin sannan mu gano asalin sunan tsuntsun. Wataƙila an yi wa tsuntsu wannan laƙabi saboda gaskiyar cewa tana da ikon yin squint?
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Schur
Schur ko schur na yau da kullun - fuka-fukai, na dangin finch, umarnin passerines da jinsi Schur. Ana ɗaukar jan baki da na yau da kullun mafi kusanci da jinsi na Shchurs. Shchurov ya bambanta da bunƙasassun ta babban baki.
Saboda bakin bakin gajere ne, mai lanƙwasa kuma yana kama da ƙugiya, ana yi wa tsuntsayen lakabi da "aku aku na Finland." Ana kuma kiransu da "zakara na Finnish" saboda tufafinsu mai launin ja. Kuma tsuntsun ya sami suna "schur" saboda yanayin sautinsa, karin maganar tsuntsaye yayi daidai da sautin "schu-uuu-ur".
Bidiyo: Schur
A cikin jinsin Schur, an bambanta iri biyu: Schur talakawa da Schur rhododendra. Karl Linnaeus shine farkon wanda ya fara bayanin pike na kowa a cikin 1758. Zamu fasalta wannan tsuntsu dalla-dalla nan gaba kadan. Masanin halittar Ingilishi Brian Hodgson ya fara bayyana ƙirar beran Rhododendra a cikin 1836.
Dangane da launi, duka nau'ikan Schur iri ɗaya ne, amma rhododendra bai kai girman talaka ba, tsawon jikinsa bai wuce santimita 20. Wannan Schur yana zaune a ƙasashen China, Nepal, Tibet, Bhutan, Burma. Tsuntsayen suna son zama a gefen dazuzzuka, suna ta jujjuya a cikin bishiyar juniper da rhododendra, shi ya sa take da irin wannan suna.
Schur ɗin gama gari yana da kyakkyawar haɗuwa da jiki mai ƙarfi; an banbanta shi daga dangin ta na kusa ta wani bakin da yake da fadi da kuma ƙugiya da kuma wutsiya mai tsayi sosai idan aka kwatanta da dukkan jiki. Tsawon jikin fuka-fukan daya kai 26 cm, kuma nauyin ya bambanta daga 50 zuwa 65 gram. Ya yi kama da girmansa zuwa tauraruwa, kuma a launi yana kama da bullfinch.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya schur yayi kama
Bambance-bambancen jinsi a cikin shchurs ba wai kawai a cikin baiwa ba, wanda ya kebanta da na maza ne kawai, har ma da launuka, ga 'yan boko ya fi almubazzaranci da juci, saboda suna bukatar zama masu kyau da kuma kyau don burge abokan kawunansu.
A kan kai da nono na maza, ana samun bayyananniyar inuwa mai laushi ta tofin layu. A yankin baya, sautunan launuka suma suna bayyana, kuma fikafikan da wutsiya an zana launin ruwan kasa-kasa, ciki yana da launi mai ruwan toka. Dukansu fikafikan da wutsiya an lullube su da ratsin baki da fari kwance.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Samari samari sun banbanta launi da wadanda suka manyanta. A yankin kai, baya da kirji, inuwar gashinsu daga Ranki-ja zuwa kore-rawaya.
Kayan mata ba su da haske da launuka iri-iri, tana da kyau sosai, amma kyakkyawa ce. A inda cavaliers ke da sautunan mulufi, tsuntsaye mata suna mamaye launuka masu launin ruwan kasa-rawaya ko launuka masu launin kore-rawaya. Gabaɗaya, bisa bangon yanayin lokacin hunturu, ramuka-kudan zuma suna da kyau kuma suna da ɗimbin ruwa, kamar ƙura masu haske akan rassan da dusar kankara ta rufe.
Mun gano girman pike, amma idan muka kwatanta shi da girma tare da dangi na kusa, to mai fuka fukai ya fi finch, bullfinches da greenfinches a cikinsu. Fikafikan fika na jirgin ruwa daga 35 zuwa 38 cm, kuma tsawon wutsiya kusan 9 cm.
Ana iya ganin launi mai duhu mai duhu a yankin bakin, kuma ƙananan baki yana da haske. Gabobin tsuntsaye suna da makirci mai launin ruwan kasa-kasa, kuma idanun ido ruwan kasa ne. Schur yana da dunƙulen kauri mai yawa, ya dace sosai da yanayin sanyi.
Ina Shchur yake zaune?
Hotuna: Schur a Rasha
Shchur mai fuka-fukai ne mazaunin daji. Tana zaune ne a cikin dazuzzuka da haɗe-haɗe na Turai da nahiyar Arewacin Amurka. 'Yan tsirarun mutane sun zabi taiga, Asiya, dazuzzuka na gandun daji don gidajen su. Schurs kuma ya zauna a cikin tsaunukan Siberia.
Ba don komai ba ake wa lakabi da tsuntsayen "aku aku na Finland", saboda sun zaɓi Finland su zauna a ciki. A kan yankunan ƙasarmu, ramuka suna fitowa a ƙarshen kaka (a cikin Nuwamba), lokacin da sanyi na farko ya fara kamawa kuma rassan bishiyun bishiyoyi suka fallasa gaba ɗaya. Dangane da irin wannan ɗan gajeren yanayin, tsuntsayen suna da kyan gani sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Don samun zuriya, Schur yana gina gurbi ne kawai a cikin dazuzzuka masu daɗi.
Suna ƙoƙari su guji wuraren cunkoson jama'a, amma duk da haka, wani lokacin ana iya samun su a yankin shakatawa na birane, a cikin lambuna, a cikin kaidodin sirri; don rayuwa mai daɗi da annashuwa, tsuntsaye suna buƙatar tushen ruwa kusa da inda suke aiki na dindindin. A ƙasa, ramin pike ba safai yake motsawa ba, suna neman kariya a cikin rawanin dogayen bishiyoyi, inda wuraren da tsuntsayen ke zama.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Shchurs suna son yin iyo a cikin kandami, koda a lokacin hunturu suna neman gawarwakin ruwa da mutane suka buɗe. Kuma ga tsuntsayen da aka tsare a cikin fursuna, suna tsara wurare na musamman don ɗaukar hanyoyin ruwa.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, rhododendra schur yana son zama a gefuna, inda akwai ci gaban shrub da yawa na juniper da rhododendron.
Yaro
- Burma;
- China;
- Nepal;
- Butane;
- Tibet.
Yanzu kun san inda Schur yake zaune. Bari muga abin da wannan tsuntsun ya ci.
Menene Schur ya ci?
Hotuna: Bird Schur
Tsarin menu na pike ya banbanta sosai, zaku iya ganin mutanen shuka da abinci na asalin dabbobi. A cikin manyan mutane, abincin yafi yawan cin ganyayyaki, kuma dabbobi dabbobi suna buƙatar furotin da yawa don girma, sabili da haka kwari sun mamaye menu.
Schurs ba ya son samun ciye-ciye:
- tsaba na bishiyoyi masu ɗimuwa da bushewa;
- matasa da ganye;
- buds;
- 'ya'yan itace daban-daban;
- kwayoyi;
- bishiyar bishiya;
- ƙwaro
- tsutsayen kwari;
- butterflies a cikin yanayin dakatar da tashin hankali.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Abubuwan da aka fi so akan Shchur sune rowan da bishiyar juniper, da kuma pine nuts.
Ana iya kiran Shchura a matsayin mataimaki ga gandun daji, saboda tare da bakinta mai kama, daga fasa cikin haushi, yana fitar da kwari iri-iri masu cutarwa - beetles, worms da larvae. Tunda abincin kaji ya fi yawa daga tsaba, tare da dusar ruwa, Schur ya baje ragowar irin da ba a shuka ba zuwa wasu yankuna, inda sabbin shoangaren samari suka fara girma.
Shchurov da ke cikin yanayi na wucin gadi dole ne a ciyar da shi da kwayoyi iri-iri:
- gyada;
- gyaɗa;
- pine da goro;
- farar dabba.
A cikin abincin kaji, ban da gaurayawar hatsi, harbe-harben bishiyoyin coniferous da bishiyoyi, 'ya'yan itace iri iri,' ya'yan itatuwa, kayan marmari dole ne su kasance. Ana ciyar da tsuntsayen da cuku na gida, dafaffen ƙwai da nama, kuma an ƙara kagarai iri-iri a abinci. Don dutsen tsuntsaye ya kiyaye haskensa, abincin dole ne ya zama mai wadataccen carotene.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Bird Schur
Shchur mazaunin gargajiya ne na yankuna masu tsananin arewa, baya tsoron yanayin sanyi kuma a shirye yake ya ɗauki hanyoyin ruwa koda a lokacin sanyi. Wadannan tsuntsayen masu ƙaura ne, marasa nutsuwa, kuma makiyaya ne. Duk ya dogara da yanayin wani yanki da wadatar abinci. A cikin tsananin sanyi, ramin pike yana tashi zuwa wasu wurare na kudu, amma ba sa yin nisa sosai daga yankunan da ake zaune.
A cikin ƙauyukan ɗan adam, ba safai kuke ganin Schur ba, yana son keɓantattun wurare da wuraren daji. Amma, da saduwa da wani mutum, Shchur baya jin damuwa sosai kuma yana kula da masu biyun da ƙarfin gwiwa, yana ba shi damar kusantowa ta yadda mutum zai iya yin tunanin kyawawan halayensa kuma ya ji waƙoƙin waƙa. Rulads suna yin waƙar kawai ta maza waɗanda ke shirye don yin komai don faranta wa abokin tarayya rai.
A cikin jirgin, Schur yana da lalata sosai kuma yana da sauƙin fahimta, yana sauƙaƙewa tsakanin manyan rassa, yana yin zane-zanen acrobatic. Da zaran tsuntsun ya sauka, sai ya zama mara kyau, mai rikitarwa, ya rasa yarda da alheri. Saboda wannan, Schur ba safai yake zaune a ƙasa ba, saboda a cikin rassan yana jin kansa da raƙuman ruwa da aminci, ya gwammace ya zauna a kan dogaye masu tsayi.
Waƙar Shchurs tana da zafi musamman a lokacin bikin aure, amma maza ba sa rabuwa da waƙar a duk shekara. Dalilin tsuntsayen ya hada da bushe-bushe da bushe-bushe da kuka mai dadi, da alama dan bakin ciki ne da kuma melancholic, amma wannan bayyanuwa ce kawai, a yayin wasan kwaikwayon ‘yan’uwa maza suna aiki kuma suna iya kokarinsu ta kowace hanya don nuna kansu kawai daga mafi kyawun bangarensu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Schur a lokacin sanyi
Lokacin tsuntsaye masu zuwa na Schurs suna farawa ne a ƙarshen bazara. Da wuya ƙila za a iya kiyaye shi a cikin Maris, amma wannan yana faruwa ne lokacin da bazara ke da dumi mara kyau. Schur the cavalier is very gallant, yana nuna halin kirki, yana kasancewa kusanci da wanda aka zaba, yana yawo a kusa da ita cikin da'ira yana rera wakokin sautinsa mai dadi, kwatankwacin sautin sarewa.
Bayan saduwa, mace da kanta ta ci gaba da shirya gidanta, maigidan baya shiga aikin ginin, amma wannan ba laifinsa bane, mahaifiya mai zuwa ta hana shi yin hakan. Ginin gida an gina shi a farkon lokacin bazara, yana da tsayi sosai, mata na sanya shi gaba daga cikin akwati don kiyaye shi da aminci. Tsarin kansa yana da girma kuma yana da siffar kwalliya, wacce aka gina ta da ƙananan layoyi, da ciyawar ciyawa iri-iri. A ƙasan gidaron akwai gado mai taushi mai laushi wanda aka yi da ulu, gansakuka, shuke-shuke, da fuka-fukai.
Hannun pike ya ƙunshi daga ƙananan ƙwai uku zuwa shida, ƙwarjin nasa yana da launin shuɗi-shuɗi mai launin toka mai launin toka mai duhu. Lokacin shiryawa yana ɗaukar kimanin makonni biyu. Mace mai ɗauke da fuka-fukai kawai tana ƙyanƙyashe ƙwai, kuma uba na gaba zai ba abokin tarayya abinci, saboda mace a zahiri ba ta barin wurin sheƙarsu. Bayan jariran sun kyankyashe, sai namiji ya ci gaba da ciyar da wasu daga cikin mata da jariran, wadanda ke cikin wani gida mai dadi koyaushe.
Yaran da aka haifa suna sanye da tufafi masu ruwan toka, suna da yawan sha'awa, suna kuka da ƙarfi kuma suna buƙatar kari. Abincinsu yana cike da kowane irin kwari, saboda abin da jarirai masu fuka-fukai ke girma cikin sauri. Tun suna da makonni uku, sun riga sun tashi jirgi na farko, kuma lokacin da suka cika wata ɗaya da rabi, kajin suna samun cikakken 'yanci, suna barin wurin zamansu don neman ingantacciyar rayuwa. Tsawon rayuwar ƙwaro wanda ke rayuwa a cikin mahalli na asali ya fara ne daga shekaru 10 zuwa 12.
Abokan gaba na jirgin
Hoto: Yadda Schur yake
Schur yana da girma a cikin girma kuma yana da launi mai zaki, saboda haka, ana iya hango shi daga nesa zuwa wasu dabbobin da ba sa kyamar cin wadannan tsuntsaye. Sau da yawa shchurov yana samun kubuta ta hanyar gaskiyar cewa sun fi son rayuwa sosai a cikin kambin bishiyoyi, ba kowace dabba ce ke iya zuwa ba. Birdswararrun tsuntsaye suna shirya gidansu nesa da kututturan don yafi wahalar samun su. Abokan gaba na ɓoye a cikin daji sun haɗa da owls, martens da kuliyoyi masu farauta.
Tabbas, kananan dabbobin da basu da kwarewa da kuma kananan kaji kadan ne suka fi saurin zama cikin sauki da saurin kamun kai. Amma mace a zahiri ba ta barin jariran da aka haifa, ana ciyar da dukkan dangin ne da uba mai kulawa, don haka jariran koyaushe suna karkashin kariyar uwa, wanda ke tseratar da rayuwarsu.
Mutanen da ke cutar da tsuntsaye da ayyukansu na gaggawa don kawai saboda mutum za a iya sanya su cikin maƙiyan Shchurs. Ta hanyar yin katsalandan ga tsarin halittu, cire magudanan ruwa, gina hanyoyi da birane, sare dazuzzuka, gurbacewar yanayi, mutane suna wahalar da rayuwar tsuntsaye, wanda hakan ke shafar yawan mutanensu.
Kar ka manta game da wautar waɗannan kyawawan tsuntsayen, wanda kuma zai iya wasa da muguwar zolaya da su. Wasu ramuka-ramuka suna samun nasarar kafu a cikin bauta, har ma da samun zuriya, sun zama cikakke kuma sun zama masu iya mu'amala, yayin da wasu ke mutuwa a cikin keji, saboda ba za su iya daidaita batun asarar 'yanci da' yanci ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Bird Schur
Schurs tsuntsaye ne, galibi na arewa, suna zaune a yankuna masu yanayi mai sanyi. Wannan ba yana nufin cewa zaku iya haɗuwa da pike ko'ina kamar gwara ba, ba yaɗuwa sosai kuma yana ƙoƙari ya nisanci ƙauyukan mutane. Yin tunani game da shchurs abu ne mai wuya kawai saboda gaskiyar cewa tsuntsaye suna zama a waɗancan wurare inda ƙafafun mutum ba sa takawa sau da yawa, kuma kusan duk lokacin da tsuntsayen suke da yawa a cikin kambin itace.
Abin ƙarfafawa ne cewa ba a sanya schur a cikin Lists na Lissafin IUCN ba, ba za a razana halakar wannan kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai kyau ba, ba a ɗaukar matakan kariya na musamman dangane da yawan mutanen Schur. A yankin ƙasarmu, schur shima ba jinsin littafin Red bane, wanda shine kyakkyawan labari. A cikin Littafin Bayanin Bayanai na Duniya, Schur ya kasance cikin ɗayan jinsunan da ke haifar da ƙaramar damuwa.
Tabbas, saurin tattalin arzikin mutum, hade da sare bishiyoyi, shimfida tituna, gina matsugunan mutane da tabarbarewar muhalli gaba daya, yana yin mummunan tasiri ga rayuwar wakilan da yawa na dabbobi, gami da shchurs, amma har yanzu wadannan tsuntsayen masu haske basu dauki matakan kariya na musamman ba. bukata. Har yanzu ana fatan cewa wannan halin game da yawan waɗannan tsuntsayen zai ci gaba a nan gaba.
A karshen zan so in kara hakan schur cikin kyawawan tufafi masu kyau sun cancanci yabo. Ba za ku iya zuwa kallon hoton wannan mai gashin fuka-fukin wanda ke zaune a kan fure ko rassan tokar dutse ba. Schurs, kamar launuka masu launuka iri-iri, suna yin furanni a kan bishiyoyi a lokacin sanyi, suna kawata yanayin yanayin hunturu na monochrome. Tsayayye a bayan bangon farin dusar ƙanƙara, pike, don dacewa da abincin dutsen da kuka fi so, suna kama da kamala, masu birgewa da ɓarna, yin caji da tabbatacce da haɓaka yanayi.
Ranar bugawa: 09/06/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 08/24/2019 da karfe 0:07
