Asp, wanda aka fi sani da cherekh, aspius, whiteness, whiteness, Aral asp, asp-red liper, ko sheresper (Aspius aspius) shine mafi yawan nau'in kifin da ake kamawa wanda yake na aljan ne Asp da dangin kifi irin su.
Bayanin kifin asp
Asp yana wakiltar ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa uku:
- Asalin gama gari ko na Turai - gama gari a Turai;
- Krasnoguby Zherekh - yana zaune a cikin ruwan kogin na Tsakiya da Kudancin Caspian;
- Aral Ashes - an samo shi a cikin kogin Syr Darya da Amu Darya.
Kifin kasuwanci mai farauta daga dangin Carp ba shi da ciki, kuma duk abincin da aka sha shi kai tsaye yana shiga cikin hanjin hanji... Igiya madaidaiciya da rami ta faɗaɗa daga bakin zuwa wutsiya.
Duk wakilai na irin kifin da aka ba da umarnin sun kara saurin tafiyar da rayuwa, wanda ke wajabta musu neman abinci koyaushe don kansu kuma suna da tasiri mai kyau a kan ɗinbin. Jinsin basu da mahimmanci a cikin abincin kuma har ma sun fi rashin dacewa game da hakar abinci.
Bayyanar
Babban banbanci tsakanin asp da sauran nau'ikan kifin kifi na kasuwanci shine kasancewar baya mai duhu mai launin shuɗi, gefen azurfa-mai launin toka da farin ciki. Fusoshin ƙwanƙwasa da ƙafafun ruwa suna cike da launuka masu launin toka da tukwici masu duhu. Tailananan wutsiya ya fi tsayi tsawo fiye da na sama.
Sauran fincin suna da launin ja a gindi, kuma launin toka zuwa ƙarshen. Idanun wakilan asp suna da halaye masu launin rawaya sosai. Jiki yana da faɗi, tare da kyakkyawan yankin baya. Sikeli kuma yana da ban sha'awa a cikin girma da kuma lura lokacin farin ciki. Asp yana da tsayi sosai kuma yana tsallake tsalle daga cikin ruwa, yana yaɗa ƙoshin lafiya, ƙoshin baya da ƙoshin lafiya.
Theaƙanƙan mai tsayi mai tsinkaye yana da ƙarancin ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Matsakaicin iyakar babban kifin ya kai 110-120 cm tare da nauyin kilogiram 11.5-12.0. A matsayinka na mai mulki, girman girman asp ɗin bai wuce 60-80 cm ba, kuma nauyin yana da 1.5-2.0 kg... Muƙamuƙin kifin ba shi da haƙora, amma akwai keɓaɓɓiyar tarin fuka da ƙyalli a kansu, farkon waɗanda ke ƙasa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Aya daga cikin siffofin da ke sananne ga dukkan wakilan cyprinids shine kasancewar leɓan jiki masu ƙoshin lafiya idan babu hakora a kan muƙamuƙi, amma ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta suna nan a cikin maƙogwaron asp.
Notididdigar da ke kan muƙamuƙin na sama wasu nau'ikan hanyoyin shiga ne ga ƙananan tarin fuka. Aikin wannan tsarin yana kama da aikin kulle-kulle na al'ada, wanda ƙwanƙwasawa zai ba ku damar amintar da kamun da kifin ya kama. Ta wannan hanyar, asps suna iya riƙe koda babban wanda aka azabtar.
Hali da salon rayuwa
Wakilan kifin Ray-finned kamun kifi sun gwammace su zauna a cikin rafuka masu ƙanƙan da sauƙi da kwanciyar hankali. Asp kusan ba ya faruwa a cikin jikin ruwa wanda yake da ruwan da ke tsaye. Kifin yana kiyaye, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, a cikin manya-manyan ruwa, yana amfani da na yanzu bayan ɓarkewa ko bakin ƙananan koguna da ke kwarara cikin jikin ruwa. Asp yana jagorantar hanyar kebantacciya da sikeli ta rayuwa, saboda haka suna taruwa a cikin manyan kungiyoyi ba na musamman don lokacin hunturu ba ko kuma a lokacin da ake ta zage zage.
Salon farauta da ciyar da asp as na asali. Fishananan kifi da farko sun firgita saboda bugun wutsiyar da ke da ƙarfi da nauyi, bayan haka sai ta haɗiye abincin da ba shi da ƙarfi. Da farkon lokacin dumi, asps fara nuna sanannen aiki. A wannan lokacin, carps sun haɗu a cikin yawancin manyan makarantu. Wannan yana bawa maharin da ke cikin ruwa damar farautar ƙananan kifi gaba ɗaya. Don lokacin hunturu, asp yana shiga rami mai zurfin gaske, yana taruwa can gaba ɗaya ga mutane da yawa.
Yana da ban sha'awa! A yayin farautar asp, mutum na iya lura da abin da ake kira "fadace-fadace", wanda yana ɗaya daga cikin hanyoyin samun abinci da yawa kuma mafi nasara.
A lokacin irin wannan "fadace-fadace", asps a hankali "kankara" a kan garken wasu kananan kifaye, suka kutsa ciki suka haifar da hargitsi, bayan haka suka yi tsalle daga cikin ruwan, da karfin bugawa saman ruwan da jelarsu.
Daga nan sai masu farautar suka tattara suka cinye dukkan kifin da wutsiya ta gigice. A lokacin kaka, kifayen kasuwanci sun fi son matsawa zuwa sassan zurfin tafki, saboda haka ba safai suke kusanto bakin teku ba. Lokaci ne na wannan shekara wanda ake ɗaukar sa'a mafi nasara da kuma alƙawarin kama asp, wanda ke farautar farauta don tara kitse mai yawa don hunturu.
Tsawon rayuwa
Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar asp bai wuce shekaru goma ba, amma yana iya dan bambanta kadan dangane da halaye iri-iri. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar lebur mai kai-tsaye (Pseudaspius lertocerhalus) bai wuce shekaru tara ba, kuma asiya ta Asiya shekaru shida zuwa bakwai ne kawai.
Wurin zama, mazauni
A matsayin babban yanki wanda asps yake rayuwa, ana yin la’akari da magudanan ruwa, an iyakance su ta hanyar kananan koguna da kananan tabkuna, wadanda basu dace da wanzuwar kifin farauta ba, da kuma gurbatattun ruwa. Burin rayuwa cikakke yana buƙatar faffadan wurare masu zurfin ruwa, wakilta ta tsaftataccen mai gudana da wadataccen ruwa mai ƙaran oxygen, tare da samun matattarar abinci mai ban sha'awa.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, irin wannan kifin kasuwanci yana zaune cikin tsarin da manyan koguna, magudanan ruwa, manyan tabkuna na Arewacin, Kudancin da Baltic na Rasha ke wakilta.
Yankin asp ƙarami ne kuma ya haɗa da wasu yankuna da ke kewaye da Yammacin Turai da yanki mai mahimmanci na Yammacin Turai... Ta hanyar al'ada, yanki na Eurasia zai iya wakiltar yankin - tsakanin kogunan Ural da Rhine. Iyakar kudu ta zangon asp ya hada da yankuna a yankin Asiya ta Tsakiya: wani bangare na Kazakhstan ko kogunan Caspian da Aral Seas, da kuma ruwan Amu Darya da Syr Darya a Uzbekistan.
Yana da ban sha'awa! An lura da wasu adadi na mutane masu yawa na asp a cikin ruwan tafkin Balkhash, inda kifin kasuwanci yake da mutane ta hanyar kere-kere, kuma a Arewacin Caucasus, Siberia da Gabas ta Tsakiya, ba a samun irin waɗannan nau'in farauta.
Iyakokin arewa na mazaunin wakilan wakilai na umarnin carps sun ratsa ta Kogin Svir, wanda ya haɗu da Ladoga da tafkin Onega, kuma ya ci gaba tare da Kogin Neva, har zuwa wuraren da yake malala zuwa Tekun Baltic.
Abinci, abinci mai gina jiki
Ta nau'in ciyarwar, asps na daga cikin nau'in ichthyophages na pelagic, suna manne zuwa manya ko matsakaitan matsakaitan ruwa a cikin tafkin, kamar yadda tsarin baki da abubuwan da ke jikin kifin suka bayyana. Matasa matasa sun fi son ciyar da abinci na musamman kan kwari da tsutsotsi, da kuma ƙananan ɓawon burodi da wasu ƙanana da ba su da girma.
Bayan tsawon lokacin da mutum ya kai 30-40 cm, kifin ya zama mai farauta kuma ya fara ci da soyayyar kowane nau'in kifin, yana fifita fifita yara da rogo. Koyaya, wani ɓangare na abincin mai girma asp yana ci gaba da ƙunshe da kwari da tsutsotsi.
Lalata ta asp yana ba shi damar cin abinci a kan kowane kifi, gami da ma abin da ake kira ciyawa mai laushi: rauni, ƙarami, ɓarna da fata. Tsarin menu na wakilan ajin kifi na Ray-finned ya hada da tulka, bream na azurfa da chub. Asp yana iya bin ko da babban kifi wanda girman sa, iyakantacce ne ta hanyar babban bakin kifi daga dangin Karpov... Sau da yawa, tsawon abin farautar da asp ɗin ya kama shine 14-15 cm.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Ya kamata a san cewa asps na cikin nau'in kifin da ke bin abin farauta, kuma ba sa jiran sa daga kwanton bauna, kuma irin waɗannan wakilan kifin na Ray-finned sun zama mafarauta har ma da ƙuruciya.
A cikin yanayi mara kyau, a lokacin ruwan sama mai karfi da iska mai iska, asps suna kokarin zuwa zurfin zurfin, lokaci-lokaci suna hawa kusa da farfajiyar kawai don cin abinci akan kananan kwari ko kwari da dama suna fadawa cikin ruwa tare da ciyayi da ke rataye a ruwan ruwa na halitta. Ana samun manya da kuma wadatattun mutane na asp a cikin koguna mafiya arziki, gami da ƙananan kogunan kamar Dnieper da Volga.
Kiwo kifin asp
Asp yana girma da sauri, wanda hakan yana faruwa ne saboda tsarin rayuwa mai saurin aiki da rashin tsari a cikin abincin. Tuni shekara ta farko ta rayuwa, tsawon jiki na matsakaiciyar asp yana da kusan 27-28 cm, tare da nauyin kilogiram 0.2 ko ƙari kaɗan.
Masu cin abincin ruwa sun isa balagar jima'i a kusan shekara ta uku ta rayuwa, lokacin da matsakaicin nauyin kifin ya wuce kilogram ɗaya da rabi. Zamanin haifuwa ga dukkan nau'ikan dabbobin daji da ke zaune a yankunan arewa ya kai kimanin shekara ɗaya zuwa biyu fiye da takwarorinsu na "kudu".
Farkon spawning ya dogara kai tsaye da yanayin yanayin yankin. A yankin kudanci na kasarmu, asp yabanya, a matsayinka na mai mulki, a tsakiyar watan Afrilu, kuma lokacin haihuwar kanta yana kusan makonni biyu. Tsarin zafin jiki mafi kyau duka a wannan lokacin ya kamata ya canza tsakanin 7-16 C˚. An haɗu da tsarin haɓaka, don haka kusan kifayen kifi goma zasu iya haɗuwa a lokaci ɗaya a yanki ɗaya, wanda ke haifar da tunanin abin da ake kira kiwo a ƙungiya.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Lokacin kiwo na asp yana tare da faɗa na maza, waɗanda ke gwagwarmayar neman ikon mallakar mace. A lokacin wannan "fadan", maza suna da ikon yiwa junansu mummunan rauni, mummunan rauni.
Don neman wata ƙasa mai tsiro, asp ɗin baya shiga cikin raƙuman ruwa masu zurfin zurfin ƙasa, amma ya gwammace ya nemi wuri a kan yashi mai yashi ko dutse mai tsayi, wanda yake a gadon matattarar ruwa da ake yawan zama. A yayin aiwatar da irin wannan binciken, kifayen da suke cin karensu ba babbaka suna iya hawa sama sama sama koda da na yanzu.
Matsakaiciyar mace ta haihu game da ƙwai 50-100000, waɗanda ke zama kan tushen da kuma tushen shuke-shuke da ke mutuwa a lokacin sanyi. Kwai mai danko yana da danko, sai a manne sosai a ciki. Bayan kamar 'yan makonni, a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, ana haifar larvae daga ƙwai. A cikin ruwa mai ƙarancin dumi, ana iya jinkirta lokacin shiryawa ta kusan sati ɗaya ko kuma ɗan ƙari.
Makiya na halitta
Asp kifi ne mai tsananin taka tsantsan, yana da kyakkyawar gani da kuma "makama" da gabobin ji. Koda a yayin farauta, irin wannan mai farautar yana iya sarrafa dukkanin sararin da ke kewaye da shi, kuma wannan shine dalilin da yasa yake da matukar wahala makiyan makiya na asp din, gami da mutane, su kusance shi.
Asirin yara ya zama ganima ga nau'ikan kifaye masu cin nama, gami da manya Aspius aspius. Sau da yawa wasu tsuntsaye suna cin abincin matasa, musamman kwalliya da kwalliya.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, asps babba kusan bashi da abokan gaba, kuma babban hatsari ga mutanen da suka balaga shine ospreys da mikiya. Irin wadannan "masunta" masu fuka-fukai ne wadanda suke iya hango asp daga wani babban tsayi, bayan haka sai su yi sauri su nutse kuma su yi dabara da karfin ikon kwace wakilin farauta daga irin kifin.
Darajar kasuwanci
Asp suna da hankali sosai kuma suna jin kunya, amma a lokaci guda, masu cutar da ruwa sosai, saboda haka, a yawancin ƙasashen Turai, irin waɗannan wakilan dangin kifayen sun zama sanannen sanannen abu don juya kifin wasanni.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Saboda saurin ci gaban mutane da nama mai taushi, asp kifi ne mai matukar mahimmanci, amma a yanayin kamun kifi, kamun da wannan nau'in yake yi kusan shekara 0.1% na jimlar kamawa.
Ananan raƙuman ruwa na asp suna da mahimmancin kasuwanci. Naman Asp, duk da dadinsa mai kyau, yana tattare da narkuwa mai wuce gona da iri, saboda haka, ana amfani da irin wannan kifin kasuwanci don bushewa ko shan sigari, kuma asp balyk a cikin kayan dandano nasa yayi daidai da balyk da aka yi da kifin kifi mai darajar gaske.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Babban dalilin da yasa ake samun karancin irin wadannan kifaye masu kama da asp kamar yadda asp yake wakilta ta kamun adadi mai yawa na samari, yara, wadanda suka fada cikin tarun masunta lokaci guda tare da yara masu nau'ikan nau'ikan kifi masu daraja.
Asiya As (Aspius vоraх) - ƙananan ƙananan asp na kowa, mallakar dangin kifi ne... Kifin da ke farauta yana da ƙaramin jiki kuma yana cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba a san su ba a cikin littafin Red Book na duniya. Yawan wannan nau'in yana zaune a cikin ruwan kogin Tigris a Iraq da Syria.
Asp yana cikin littafin Red Data na Karelia da kuma cikin IUCN Red Data Book. A yankin Karelia, iyakar arewacin iyakar jinsunan kusan iri ɗaya ce, saboda haka sanannu ne kaɗai, ba kasafai ake samun kamun kifi ba.
Abubuwan da ke iyakancewa sune yanayi mara kyau don haifuwa ta halitta wanda gurɓataccen ruwan ruwa ke haifarwa. Saboda haka ne ake duba batun buƙatu da amfanin kifin keɓaɓɓiyar kifi mai mahimmancin kasuwanci, kamar asp, ana yin la'akari da shi sosai.
