Scolopendra kwaro ne mai saurin tafiya. Ya yadu ko'ina cikin duniya, kuma wuraren da aka fi so su ne damshi da wurare masu sanyi. Dare lokaci ne mai dadi a gareta. Ilitywarewa da saurin taimaka wa ɗaruruwan don samun abinci da kanta, wanda take buƙata koyaushe.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Scolopendra
Scolopendra kwari ne daga nau'in kwayar halittar cututtukan hanji. Akwai adadi mai yawa na scolopendra, kuma wasu nau'ikan ba'a yi nazarin su ba har zuwa yau. Centan tsakiya suna iya rayuwa duka a cikin daji, gandun daji da kogo, da kuma a gida. Ana kuma kiran mazaunan gidan flyan iska. Ba ya cutar da masu gidan, amma yana taimakawa wajen kawar da wasu kwari masu ban haushi.
Bidiyo: Scolopendra
Kwarin yana daya daga cikin tsoffin kwari a doron kasa. Wannan kwaro ya samo asali ne ta yadda yake yanzu, shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Masana kimiyya sun gano wani burbushin samfurin wanda ya faru shekaru miliyan 428 da suka gabata. Tare da nazarin kwayoyin, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa rabuwar manyan rukuni na wadanda ke ciki ya faru a zamanin Cambrian. Dangane da sabon bincike a 2005, P. newmani shine mafi tsufa dabba da aka samo.
Idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran kwari, scolopendra masu shekaru dari ne, wasu mutane suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 7. Kodayake, a matsakaita, mutum yana rayuwa tsawon shekaru biyu. Girman kwaron yana ci gaba a tsawon rayuwarsa, kodayake a cikin wasu mutane, ci gaban yana ƙarewa a lokacin balaga. Babban mahimmancin keɓaɓɓen sikila shine sabunta juzu'i. Wsafan ƙafafun da suka ɓata suna girma bayan narkewa, amma yana iya bambanta a cikin girma, sababbin gabobin sun fi gunta fiye da na baya kuma sun fi rauni.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya ɗiyar kwatankwacin kama
Scolopendra yana da jiki mai laushi, babban ɓangaren exoskeleton shine chitin. Sabili da haka, kamar sauran ɓarna, yana narkewa, yana zubar da baƙinsa yayin da yake girma. Don haka, saurayi yakan canza “tufafi” sau ɗaya a kowane watanni biyu, baligi - sau biyu a shekara.
Sanni a tsakiya ya bambanta a cikin girma. Yawancin lokaci, tsawon jiki shine cm 6, duk da haka, akwai nau'ikan da tsayinsu yakai cm 30. Jikin scolopendra ya kasu kashi biyu a cikin kai da akwati kuma yana da ɓangarori 20 (daga 21 zuwa 23). An zana bangarorin biyu na farko a launi wanda ya bambanta da babban launi na scolopendra, kuma ba su da. Endarshen gabobin ƙaya ne. Akwai glanden ciki da guba a cikin gaɓa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan jikunan ya bi ta jikin mutum, zai bar sifar ta zamewa kuma tana konewa.
Kan jifan an haɗa shi da farantin ɗaya wanda idanuwa, eriya biyu da muƙamuran masu guba suke, tare da taimakon da yake kai wa ganima hari. A kan dukkan sauran sassan jiki, akwai wasu gabobin jiki. Sloplopendra yana amfani da ƙafafun na ƙarshe don haifuwa da farauta don manyan ganima. Suna matsayin anga.
Launin marainiyar ya bambanta: daga launuka daban-daban na launin ruwan kasa zuwa kore. Hakanan akwai samfuran shuɗi da shuɗi. Launin kwarin bai dogara da jinsin ba. Scolopendra yana canza launuka dangane da shekaru da yanayin da yake rayuwa a ciki.
A ina ne scolopendra yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Crimean skolopendra
Ana iya samun Scolopendra a duk yankuna masu canjin yanayi. Koyaya, yawansu ya karu musamman a wuraren yanayi mai dumi: gandun daji na wurare masu zafi na Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka, a yankin Afirka na yamma, a kudancin Turai da Asiya. Centananan jiga-jigai suna rayuwa ne kawai a yanayin yanayi mai zafi, wurin da suka fi so shi ne Seychelles. Centungiyoyin baƙi suna rayuwa a cikin dazuzzuka, a saman tsaunuka, a yankin busassun hamada mai bushewa, a cikin kogwan dutse. Mutanen da ke zaune a yankuna masu yanayin yanayi ba su da girma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ba zai yuwu a sadu da katangar silopendra a cikin yankunanmu ba, tunda ƙananan wakilai ne kawai na wannan nau'in halittar.
Scolopendra ya fi son rayuwar dare, saboda haske mai haske ba shine son su ba. Ba za su iya jure zafin rana ba, kodayake ruwan sama ma ba shine farin cikinsu ba. Duk lokacin da hakan ta yiwu, sukan zabi gidajen mutane a matsayin masaukai. Anan, galibi ana iya samunsu a cikin ƙasa mai duhu, damp.
A cikin daji, centipedes suna rayuwa a cikin danshi, wurare masu duhu, galibi a cikin inuwar da ke karkashin ganyaye. Gwanon bishiyar da ke ruɓewa, dattin ganye da ya faɗi, bawon tsoffin bishiyoyi, fashewar duwatsu, kogo wurare ne masu kyau don wanzuwar scolopendra A lokacin sanyi, masu ba da kwari suna fakewa a wurare masu dumi.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo ɗiyar. Bari muga abin da wannan kwaron yake ci.
Menene scolopendra ke ci?
Photo: Scolopendra kwari
Ipwararr halitta a ɗabi'arta tana da nau'ikan abubuwa waɗanda suke cin nasarar su da ganimar ganima:
- muƙamuƙi;
- makogwaro mai fadi;
- glandon guba;
- tenacious kafafu.
Kwarjin mai farauta ne. Lokacin kai farmaki ga abin farauta, ɗaruruwan sukan fara motsa wanda aka azabtar, sannan kuma a hankali su cinye shi. Yiwuwar ganima don tserewa daga tsakiya tana da rauni ƙwarai, saboda ba kawai yana saurin sauri ba, yana kuma sa tsalle-tsalle.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Scolopendra na iya motsawa cikin sauri zuwa 40 cm a sakan daya.
Fa'idodin scolopendra lokacin farautar farauta:
- yana da kyakkyawar ƙwarewar gudu a tsaye;
- kwaron yana da matukar kuzari da saurin aiki;
- yana da saurin amsawa ga kowane rawar jiki a cikin iska;
- mutum na iya kama mutane da yawa a lokaci ɗaya.
Sloplopendra na gida - flycatchers, ku ci kowane kwari: kyankyasai, kudaje, sauro, tururuwa, kwari. Sabili da haka, jirgin sama yana amfani da gidan da yake zaune.
Centungiyoyin dabbobi na gandun daji sun fifita halittu masu rai waɗanda ke rayuwa a ƙasan ƙasa: tsutsar ciki, larvae, ƙwaro. Lokacin da duhu yayi kuma diyar ta fito daga inda yake buya, tana iya farautar fararen fara, caterpillars, crickets, wasps and tururuwa. Scolopendra ba shi da kyau sosai, yana buƙatar farauta koyaushe. Tana zama mai saurin tashin hankali idan tana jin yunwa. Babban scolopendra kuma yana kai hari ga ƙananan beraye: macizai, kadangaru, kaza da jemage.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Scolopendra a cikin Yankin Krasnodar
Scolopendra wani kwari ne mai cutarwa wanda ke da haɗari ga maƙiyi da ƙananan dabbobi. Cizon abincinsa, jijiyar jiki ta shanye ta da guba kuma a hankali ta cinye shi. Tunda jikunan suna aiki da daddare, yafi amfanin farauta a wannan lokacin da rana. Da rana, diyar da kanta tana buya daga makiya, don kar ta zama abincin dare ga wasu, kodayake a rana ita ma ba ta damu da cin abinci ba.
Centipedes sun fi son rayuwar da ba ta dace ba, saboda haka suna rayuwa su kadai. Rarelyan wasan ba safai yake nuna zalunci ga danginsa ba, amma idan akwai faɗa tsakanin mutane biyu, ɗayansu ya mutu a kowane hali. Scolopendra, a matsayinka na ƙa'ida, baya nuna abokantaka dangane da duniyar da ke kewaye da shi. Wannan kwari ne mai firgitarwa da firgici, wanda damuwar sa ta samo asali ne ta hanyar fahimtar haske da launuka na duniya kewaye da idanunta.
Sabili da haka, duk wata dabba ko kwari da ke damun scolopendra kai tsaye ta zama makasudin kai hari. Kusan ba zai yuwu a kubuta daga cikin jakar ba, saboda yana da sauri da sauri. Kari kan haka, tsarin narkewar karni, wanda ke narkar da abinci cikin sauri, na bukatar cikewar abinci akai-akai. Saboda wannan, scolopendra koyaushe yana buƙatar neman abinci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Centwararriyar Sinawa ta narkar da ɗan ƙasa da rabin abincin ta na awanni uku.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Blackan fata ɗari
Scolopendra ya zama balagagge a cikin shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa. Suna fara ninka a tsakiyar lokacin bazara kuma basa ƙarewa a lokacin bazara. Bayan tsarin saduwa ya wuce, bayan sati biyu, mace zata fara yin kwai. Wurin da ya dace don sa ƙwai yana da danshi da dumi. A matsakaici, mace na bayarwa daga kwai 40 zuwa 120 a kowane kama, amma ba duka ke rayuwa ba. Mata suna kula da kama su kuma suna kulawa, suna rufe ta daga haɗari da ƙafafunsu. Bayan lokacin balaga, ƙananan tsutsotsi suna fitowa daga ƙwai.
A lokacin haihuwa, ɗiyar da ke tsakiya suna da ƙafa biyu kawai. Tare da kowane tsari na narkewa, ana saka kuɗa zuwa ƙaramin ɗan maraƙi. Har zuwa wani zamani, uwa tana gaba ga zuriyar. Amma jariran da ke tsakiya suna saurin daidaitawa da muhallinsu kuma suna fara rayuwa da kansu. Idan aka kwatanta da sauran invertebrates, invertebrates 'yan shekaru ne na gaskiya. Matsakaicin ransu shine shekaru 6 - 7.
Akwai matakai uku na ci gaba da balaga na ɗari-ɗari:
- amfrayo. Mataki, wanda tsawansa zai ɗauki wata ɗaya ko ɗaya da rabi;
- nymph. Wannan matakin shima yana daga wata daya zuwa daya da rabi;
- yaro. Matakin da ƙaramin ɗaki ya kai bayan zubi na uku;
- a tsawon lokaci, launin kalar kai ya canza zuwa mai duhu, kuma farantin ya zama mai saurin rarrabewa daga jiki. Matasan scolopendra sun fara rayuwa da kansu a ƙarshen sati na uku. Cikakken ɗan girma, scolopendra ya zama kawai a cikin shekara ta biyu - ta huɗu ta rayuwa.
Ci gaban waɗanda ke cikin jijiya da saurinsa ya dogara da yanayin yanayi, abinci mai gina jiki, zafi da yanayin zafi. Kowane nau'i na scolopendra yana da lokacin rayuwarsa. Bayan girma, mutane, gwargwadon nau'in, na iya rayuwa daga shekaru biyu zuwa bakwai.
Abokan gaba na scolopendra
Hotuna: Yaya ɗiyar kwatankwacin kama
A cikin mazauninsu na asali, masu farauta ma suna farautar ɗari-ɗari. Haka kuma, ire-iren nau'ikan da ke cin jikunan ba su da yawa. Mafi munin makiyan mahaifa sune kwadi, toad, kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa (shrew, mouse), da tsuntsu. Owls suna son farautar ɗari-ɗari. Hakanan, scolopendra abinci ne mai gina jiki mai gina jiki.
Dabbobin gida kamar su karnuka da kuliyoyi suma suna cin can kwari. Amma wannan na iya ɗaukar wani haɗari, tunda ƙwayoyin cuta na rayuwa koyaushe a cikin ɗakunan tsakiya. Lokacin da dabba ta ci scolopendra mai cin ƙwayar cuta, shi ma yana zama mai cutar. Scolopendra ɗan ɗanɗano ne na macizai da beraye.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Babban ɗari da ɗari zai iya cin ƙaramin ɗaki.
Wasu mutane har zuwa yau suna ɗaukar scolopendra a matsayin abinci mai ɗanɗano da ƙoshin lafiya, saboda jikinta yana ƙunshe da furotin da yawa. A wasu al'adu, akwai imani cewa ɗaruruwan, a matsayin abinci, suna warkar da cututtuka da yawa waɗanda magunguna ba za su iya warkar da su ba.
Magungunan gargajiya ba da shawarar cin scolopendra ga mutane, musamman a ɗanyenta, saboda yawancin mutane a duniya suna kamuwa da ƙwayoyin cuta. Kwayar cuta mai hatsari da ke rayuwa a jikin wani jijiya ita ce ƙwayar huhun bera. Wannan m yana haifar da cuta mai haɗari wanda ke haifar da ba kawai ga cututtukan neuralgic ba, har ma da mutuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Scolopendra
Ana daukar centipedes a matsayin dangi mafi kusanci na kwari masu rassa guda. Masana ilimin halittu a yau suna rike da manyan ra'ayoyi guda biyu game da tsarin tsarkewar jijiyoyin jiki. Hasashe na farko shine cewa scolopendra, tare da crustaceans, suna cikin ƙungiyar kwari ta Mandibulata. Mabiya ra'ayi na biyu sunyi imanin cewa centipedes 'yar uwa ce dangane da kwari.
Masana kimiyya daga ko'ina cikin duniya suna da nau'ikan scolopendra dubu 8 a duk duniya. A lokaci guda, kusan dubu 3 ne kawai aka yi nazari da rubuce-rubuce. Sabili da haka, scolopendra suna ƙarƙashin binciken masanan. A yau, yawan adadin mutanen ya mamaye duniya baki daya. Wasu jinsin wadannan kwari ma an same su a wajen Arctic Circle.
Matsala ce ƙwarai da gaske a hallaka yawan mutanen scolopendra, saboda suna da ƙarfi sosai. Domin fito da mahaukatan gida, dole ne kuyi ƙoƙari sosai. Babban sharadin shine samarda daftari a cikin dakin wanda ake bukatar korarsa. Scolopendra ba sa jure zane. Bugu da kari, ya zama dole a cire dampness. Baiwa masu ɗarin jini damar samun ruwa ba, ba tare da wannan ba zasu iya rayuwa.
Don haɓaka sakamako, duk ɓoyayyen gidan ya kamata a rufe saboda sabbin mutane ba za su iya shiga ciki ba. Idan masu ba da ciki sun zauna a ɗaki, to a nan akwai kyakkyawan sanyi, duhu da damshi a gare su. A lokaci guda, wannan ba yana nufin cewa zasu fara haɓaka haifuwa tare da cika gidan gaba ɗaya.
Scolopendra wani kwari mara daɗi da haɗari ga duniyar da ke kewaye, gami da mutane. Cizon dafin nata na iya haifar da mutuwa. Yawan 'yan tsakiya ya yadu ko'ina cikin duniya. Saboda tsananin ɗabi'arta da sakin fuska, a sauƙaƙe tana nemo wa kanta abinci, musamman a cikin duhu.
Ranar bugawa: 08/17/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 17.08.2019 a 23:52
