Bahar Maliya jan mullet - abincin da aka fi so na masu yawon bude ido waɗanda ke yin hutunsu a wuraren shakatawa na Tekun Baƙar fata da na Azov, bisa ga tsarin zamani, na dangin akuya ne. An fassara shi a zahiri daga Italiyanci, ana fassara sunan nau'in wannan kifin a matsayin "gemu". Wannan sunan ya sami karbuwa ta hanyar kebantattun siffofin kifayen - fasalin sifar sa, godiya ga wanda jan mullet ba zai iya rude shi da wani kifi ba, kasancewar kasancewar wasu dogayen baki biyu. A Turkiyya, wannan kifin galibi ana kiransa sultanka, saboda a al'adance ana gabatar da shi ga kotun masu mulki a matsayin abincin da suka fi so.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Red mullet
Baya ga dogon gashin baki biyu, sifar sifa ta wannan nau'in ita ce takamammen launi. An zana jan mullet ja a cikin sautunan rawaya mai haske, amma ma'aunan da ke rufe gefuna da baya suna da ruwan hoda. Wani fasalin halayyar jinsin shine mallakar launin ja mai haske daga kowane bangare daidai bayan kamawa. Blanching yana faruwa ne kawai bayan awanni 4-5, don haka ana shan kyafaffen kifin, kamar yadda suke faɗa, "a kan tabo" don adana "gabatarwa". Jan mullet, wanda ke da launi mai laushi, wanda aka shimfiɗa don sayarwa, ana ɗaukarsa bai dace da amfani ba (saboda an daɗe da dafa shi)
Bidiyo: Red mullet
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu masu sha'awar motsa jiki (ba mashi ba) suna daukar lokaci mai yawa suna ƙoƙarin jawo kifi. Suna iya hango wannan kifin ne kawai ta hanyar alamun wutsiya a ƙasan - asalin launi yana ba shi kyakkyawan kyan gani. A lokaci guda, kifin ba ya bambanta da tsoro musamman, sabili da haka, koda lokacin da aka samo shi, ba ya iyo daga masanan ruwa. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna gudanar da jan hankalin sultanka ta hanyar miƙa mata magani ta ɓangaren tsutsotsi. Ba za ta taɓa tunanin irin wannan abincin ba!
Amma ba wai kawai masana kimiyyar teku suke da sha'awar jan mullet ba - wannan kifin ma ana mutunta shi saboda halayen gastronomic, yana da dandano mai ban mamaki. Irin wannan kifin ana kaunarsa saboda kyakkyawan dadinsa. A lokaci guda, ana ɗaukar jan mullet a matsayin samfuri mai matukar amfani. Namansa ya ƙunshi kusan gram 20 na furotin - dangane da nauyin gram 100. Amma abun cikin lafiyayyen mai a ciki kadan ne (ma'anarsa shine polyunsaturated fatty acid). Da 100 g na samfur - bai fi 4 g na mai. Bayani mai mahimmanci ga waɗanda suke so su rasa nauyi: ana rarrabe mullet ja ta ƙasa mai ƙarancin kalori, don haka waɗanda suke so su rabu da nauyin da ya wuce kima, yana da ma'ana a mai da hankali ga abincin abincin teku.
Red mullet shine mafi kyawun zaɓi azaman kifin farko da aka haɗa cikin abincin yara - za'a iya bashi lafiya cikin watanni 9-10. Akwai bayanan da ke nuna cewa cin wannan kifin yana da tasiri mai kyau a fatar yara. Hakanan ana ba da shawarar cin jan mullet ga 'yan wasa da mutanen da ke fama da cututtukan zuciya - yana ba ka damar dawo da ƙarfi da sauri bayan tsananin aiki na jiki. Amma ga masu fama da rashin lafiyan, wannan kifin yana da karfin gwiwa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Yaya mullet ja yake?
Tsawon balagaggen jar mullet ya banbanta tsakanin zangon daga 20 zuwa 30. Wasu, musamman masunta masu nasara, sun yi sa'a sun fitar da samfurin jan mullet, tsayinsa ya kai cm 45! Amma waɗannan al'amuran ne na almara, kwanan nan irin waɗannan nasarorin an ƙasa da ƙasa, kodayake masanan kifayen suna da darajar wannan kifin.
Jikin mullet ja yana da tsawo kuma an ɗan daidaita shi da fasali, an matse shi daga ɓangarorin. Fushin caudal yana da tsayi, amma tsuliya da dorsal, akasin haka, gajeru ne. Red mullet samfurori (duka mata da maza) suna da madaidaiciyar kai mai manyan idanu. Zaune yake da kananan hakora da yawa, bakin yana kasan cinyar kansa, wacce take da gangarowa, kusan hancin tsaye. Masunta da yawa suna gano jan mulule tun ma kafin su kamasa shi a bakin teku - ta wurin kasancewar wasu dogayen raɗayoyi biyu (waɗannan gabobin sune mahimmancin sassan jikin, domin kifin yana amfani da su wajen tayar da yashi ko ƙura).
Duk da kimar gastronomic dinsa, mullet ja ba wani abin sha'awa bane ga masunta saboda kankantarta. Sabili da haka, kifin ya kasance (mafi mahimmanci) abu mai mahimmanci na kamun kifi mai son gaske da abinci mai kyau ga masu yawon bude ido. Ba a fitar da jan mullet ba kuma kusan ba a aika shi har zuwa wasu yankuna, don haka kawai yawon buɗe ido waɗanda suka isa wuraren shakatawa na Tekun Baƙar fata da Azov za su iya cin abinci a ciki. A lokaci guda, mutum ba zai iya kasa lura da amfanin jan mullet ba - an bayyana shi da abubuwa masu amfani da ke ƙunshe da shi da yawa. Bugu da ƙari, likitoci sun ba da shawarar sosai ga wannan kifin musamman saboda abubuwan da ke cikin bitamin A, B da E.
Bugu da kari, jan mullet nama yana dauke da sinadarin pantothenic da ma'adanai. Tabbatacce ne a kimiyyance cewa Tekun Baƙin Baƙar fata yana da mahimmin tushe na abubuwan ƙananan abubuwa da ƙananan abubuwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An shawarci mutanen da ke fama da cutar sanyin kashi da busassun kasusuwa da jajayen jajaye (suna dauke da mafi yawan alli).
Ina jar mullet take rayuwa?
Photo: Bahar Maliya ja mullet
Jinsunan suna zaune a tekun mallakar tekun Atlantika, Pacific da Tekun Indiya. A cikin Rasha, ya yadu cikin Tekun Baƙi da Azov. Turkawa suna kifin jan mullet a cikin Bahar Rum. Makarantun kifi sun fi son zurfin zurfin daga mita 15 zuwa 30. Sau da yawa galibi suna zaɓar laka ne ko yankuna masu yashi na ƙasa - a can ja mullets ne mafi sauki don samun abinci a can. A wasu halaye (da kyar), ana iya samun kifi akan duwatsu.
Koyaya, tambaya game da yaduwar wannan kifin yana buƙatar bayyana. Abinda yake shine sanannen jar mullet ba jinsin guda bane, amma dukkanin nau'in kifin gidan dangin mullet ne, wanda akafi sani da sultanki. Hakanan, wannan jinsin ya hada da nau'ikan 4 wadanda suka banbanta kadan a waje (wanda ake kira halayyar dan adam).
Amma nau'in jinsin ya bambanta sosai:
- jan mullet ko sultanka gama gari (a Latin - Mullus barbatus). Ita ce ke aiki a matsayin mafi kyawun abincin yawon buɗe ido. Rarraba (galibi) a cikin Azov, Black da kuma Tekun Bahar Rum, da kuma kusa da gabashin gabashin Tekun Atlantika;
- Sultanka na Rum, ita ma ta ja ja mullet (a Latin - Mullus surmuletus). An samo (mafi yawan lokuta) a cikin Bahar Rum, Black da Baltic Teas, kazalika da Arewacin-Gabas ta Tsakiya;
- jar mullet ja (Mullus auratus). Samu ne kawai a Yammacin Tekun Atlantika;
- Mullus argentinae (dan kasar Argentina, dan kasar Amurka mai Kudancin Amurka ja). Za a iya kama kifin a bakin tekun Brazil, Uruguay da Argentina;
- masunta masu son tabbatarwa sun tabbatar da cewa a cikin mafi yawan lamura suna haduwa da kamun kifi sultanka a zurfin kusan mita 15-30, amma akwai abubuwan da suka faru a cikin tunaninsu lokacin da aka sami makarantun ja mullet tare da muryar amsa kuwwa mita 300 daga saman ruwa.
Mafi sau da yawa, kifi yana zuwa irin wannan zurfin zurfin tare da farkon yanayin sanyi. Ta fi son cinye yawancin lokacinta a ƙasan. Wannan ya faru ne saboda buƙatar neman abinci - abincinsa yafi kasancewa a cikin layin ƙasa, sabili da haka jan mullet yana da wuya ya tashi daga ƙasan da aka zaɓa. Anan ya dace mata da dukansu su sami abinci kuma su ɓoye daga masu farauta - wannan yana sauƙaƙe ta yanayin jikin da launi. Ba za a iya ganuwa a ƙasa mai yashi ba, ya zama abin farauta mai sauƙi a cikin layin ruwa da kuma saman.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun jan kifin mullet. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene jan mullet yake ci?
Hotuna: Red mullet a cikin Bahar Maliya
Manyan jar mullet manya suna ciyarwa akan ƙananan invertebrates - kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, duk waɗannan ƙwayoyin suna rayuwa akan ƙasan. Da wuya ƙwarai (kusan ba a taɓa) jan mullet yana cinye ƙwai ko soya na sauran kifin. Koda babba jajahunan balagaggu sun gano kama wani (bari ya zama caviar na mai farauta, wanda manya ke son cin abinci akan sultanka da soyayyen), kifin ba zai taɓa shi ba.
Me yasa haka ba a san shi ba, saboda caviar da samari na jan mullet da kansu sau da yawa kuma a cikin yawa suna zama ganimar mazaunan ruwa mai cin nama. Amma jan mullet har yanzu bai daina “wasa da martaba ba”, yana gamsar da ƙoshinta tare da ƙananan sifofin rayuwa. Game da nau'ikan nau'ikan menu, a lokacin balaga, mullet ja na fara ciyarwa akan amphipods, mollusks, tsutsotsi na teku da kadoji. Bugu da ƙari, jan mullet yana kuma girmama tsoran tsutsa na yau da kullun (ƙirar da aka fi so ta masunta mai son masunta), yana nuna kyakkyawan ci.
Jajajaja ba ta fuskantar matsaloli game da hakar abinci - eriya tana da kyau don girgiza ƙasa da samun abinci. Babban matsala a cikin neman abinci ya zama ɓuya daga dabbobin da ke gano ɓarnar kama kifi. Kuma idan tare da farkon mullet na farko ya ma fi ko lessasa, to a sarari ba shi da wayo na ɗanɗano da sauran kifin ruwa, a hankali ya fado kan ƙugiya.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Kifin jauhari
Wannan kifin yana yin hunturu a zurfin kusan 60 - 90. Tare da zuwan bazara, jan mullet yayi ƙaura a cikin shoals. Hanyoyin ƙaura (mafi yawan lokuta) sune kamar haka - tare da yankunan bakin teku na Caucasus da Crimea ta hanyar Kerch. Bayan zafin ruwan tekun ya kai 14-16 °, kifin ya fara iyo zuwa bakin tekun gaba ɗaya - irin wannan ambaliyar ruwa mai ƙarfi an bayyana ta da sha'awar mullet ja ta koma mazauninta na asali da wuri-wuri, wanda yake a bakin tekun ne kawai.
Caviar ya tsiro a ƙasa - yana da ma'ana, saboda a can ne mazaunin da aka fi so. A matsakaita, akwai soya miliyan 1.5-2 ga kowace mace ja mullet. Red mullet soya suna cinye zooplankton, kuma don ƙara wa kansu ƙarfin gwiwa suna yin iyo kawai a cikin ƙananan garken tumaki, ba ɗaya ba. A lokacin yaduwa, kifin mullet ja yana da fitaccen sananne, ya zama ya dace don haifuwa cikin kimanin shekaru 1-2.
Matsakaicin lokacin jan mullet bai wuce shekaru 12 ba, kodayake yan tsiraru ne suka rayu har zuwa wannan zamani mai daraja. Wannan kifin yana da makiya da yawa, kuma ana bayar da yawan jama'a ta hanyar haihuwa kadai. Bugu da kari, tabarbarewar yanayin muhalli ya yi nesa da kyakkyawar tasiri a zangon jan mullet.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Ruwan ja mullet
Bakar jar mullet tana ɗayan kifayen ruwan teku mafi inganci. Tsarin haifuwarsu na iya zama kamar haka. Kowane ɗayansu ya balaga ta hanyar shekara 2 da haihuwa kuma nan da nan ya fara haifuwa. Lokacin jinkiri yana farawa daga shekaru na biyu ko na uku na Maris zuwa Yuni. Yawancin lokaci, sultan yana zaɓar yankunan yashi na ƙasa, wanda yake a zurfin kusan mita 10-40, don kiwo da ƙwai.
A lokacin haihuwa, mace na iya haihuwa fiye da ƙwai 10,000 a sauƙaƙe. Maza suna cikin gaggawa don magance dukkan kwan da aka adana da maniyyi da wuri-wuri. Bayan wannan aikin, caviar ya tashi zuwa saman ruwa. Larvae na fara kyankyasar kwanki da kwana 2-3 bayan hadi.
Bayan watanni 2-2.5, tsawon jikin jan mululen matsakaita 4-5 cm Fry sau da yawa yana iyo kusa da gabar don samo wa kansu abinci a ƙasan. Launinsu iri daya ne da na manya. Wani watanni shida zai wuce, kuma ƙananan kifin da aka haifa tuni ya zama ba za a iya rarrabe shi da manya ba (a cikin yanayin ƙirar ido). Aan kaɗan ne za su tsira har zuwa wannan lokacin - kuma kaɗan ne kawai za su iya jure hunturu kwata-kwata.
Wannan kifin yana da makiya da yawa da kuma kariya mai rauni daga masu farauta da yawa, waɗanda suke ɗaukar jan mullet nama a matsayin ainihin abinci mai daɗi. Ya faru ne kawai cewa wadancan dogayen eriya guda biyu, wadanda kifin ke kwance yashi da su domin neman abinci, alamu ne da ke bayyana kamun kifi - kifaye masu farauta sun sani sarai cewa "abincin rana" na da irin wannan eriya.
Abokan gaba na ja mullet
Hoto: Yaya mullet ja yake?
Kashewar wannan kifi daga makiya na halitta (har ma mutane) na daga cikin manyan dalilan raguwar mutane a hankali. Matsaloli (kuma manyan) suna farawa daga ƙuruciya ƙuruciya. Caviar da ƙanana, sabbin haihuwa da talauci wanda ya dace da mummunan halin jan-ja mai ƙyamar janja abun dadi ne mai kyau ga mazaunan teku / teku. Amma menene - don wannan abincin koyaushe akwai "layin gaba ɗaya" na waɗanda suke so. Ko da kifin da ke da ciyayi ba ya kyamar cin janjajan mululen mullet.
Amma manya na jan mullet suna da sha'awa galibi don kifin farauta mai matsakaici da ƙananan girma. La'akari da takamaiman salon rayuwar mullet (a koyaushe yana neman abinci da rana, yashi yashi tare da eriya, wanda yake bayarwa), wannan kifin yana farautarsa ne musamman ta masu cin abincin rana.
Wato, manyan abokan gabanta sune zakara a teku, katran, mackerel doki, ruff da yawo. Na dabam, akwai buƙatar ka mai da hankali kan na biyun - a matsayina na mazaunin ƙasa, ɓarnatarwar ce ke lalata yawancin ƙwai jalet da yaranta. Bayan duk wannan, abu mafi sauƙi a gareta shine ta sami ƙasan ɗaya kamar nata - musamman idan ganima ta fito fili "ta yaudari kanta" ta halin rashin kulawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Red mullets
Adadin jan mullet a cikin tekun Baƙi, Azov da na Rum yana ta raguwa bisa tsari a cikin recentan shekarun nan - duk da cewa kamun kifin ga wannan kifin yana da rauni ƙwarai da gaske (saboda ƙarancin yuwuwar tattalin arziki, saboda ƙarancin kifin da wahalar kamun kifi da shi ta hanyoyin kamun kifi).
Ragowar yawan mullet jaleti da kewayon an bayyana su ne da masana ilimin kimiya ta hanyar abubuwan masu zuwa:
- ƙaruwa mai yawa a cikin masu farauta, wanda jar mullet (kuma musamman ƙwai da soya) shine abincin da aka fi so. Masana kimiyya suna ganin dalilin wannan lamarin a cikin rikice-rikicen yanayin halittar ruwa;
- keta alƙalin muhalli, wanda hayaƙin masana'antu ke fitarwa, matsakaicin adadin abin da ya faɗi daidai kan yankunan bakin teku - mazaunin da aka fi so da jan mullet;
- farautar jan mullet. Duk da cewa ba a bunƙasa jan masarar mullet musamman masunta da yawa, masunta da yawa, da ke son faranta ran masu yawon buɗe ido da irin wannan abincin, suna bin hanyoyin kamun kifi ba bisa doka ba. Hakanan zaku iya haɗuwa da kamun kifin jauhari a lokacin raƙuman ruwa.
Don dawo da yawan wannan abincin na ɗanɗano, masana kimiyya sun ba da shawara na shekara guda don hana kamun kifi gaba ɗaya. Amma har yanzu ba a dauki wadannan matakan ba - jinsin ba ya cikin littafin Red Book (a kowace jiha), don haka mahukunta suka yi amannar cewa lokaci bai yi ba da za a yi kara, kuma ba shi da riba sosai idan aka hana masu yawon shakatawa jin daɗin cin irin wannan kifin. Misali, a cikin Italia akwai jerin gidajen abinci iri-iri - Porto Maltese, wanda ya yi wa kansa suna kawai a kan jita-jita na mullet, saboda haka baƙi da yawa na wuraren shakatawa masu ban sha'awa a Italiya sun ziyarci waɗannan rukunin farko.
Red mullet - nau'in kifi mai mahimmanci a cikin sharuɗan gastronomic. Baya ga gaskiyar cewa tana da dandano mai ban mamaki, tana ƙunshe da abubuwan gina jiki da yawa, bitamin, ƙwayoyin micro da macro. Kifayen da ke zaune galibi yankin bakin teku, abu ne mai son kamun kifi. Masuntan da ke son su ne ke kai jar mullet gidajen shaye-shaye da shagunan kifi, inda baƙon biranen bakin teku za su iya jin daɗin wannan abincin. Dangane da gaskiyar cewa a cikin yanayin yanayi, yawancin mazaunan teku (masu teku) ba sa son ganin jan mullet a cikin tsarin abincinsu, yawan kifin yana raguwa sannu a hankali - ƙwarewar daidaitawa ba ta ba shi damar jimre wa irin wannan ƙarin sha'awar ba.
Ranar bugawa: 08/17/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 08/17/2019 da 0:29
