Kifi kamar roach saba da yawa. Tana ɗaukar hankali kuma sau da yawa ana samun ta a cikin tafkuna daban-daban. Masunta sun tabbatar da cewa ana iya kama roach duk shekara, kuma ƙwararrun matan gida suna shirya abinci iri-iri daga ciki. Kusan kowa ya san yadda wannan kifin azurfa yake a zahiri, amma ba kowa ya san halaye, halaye, da kuma yanayin ɓarnatarwar lokacin ba. Bari mu fahimci abubuwanda suka shafi rayuwar wannan kifin, tare da sifaita shi ta fuskoki daban-daban.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Roach
Babban abin da ake kira roach shine wakilin ajin kifi mai rai, wanda yake cikin dangin kifi da kuma tsari na carps. Kifaye yana da alaƙa da ƙananan ƙananan ƙungiyoyi, waɗanda ke da sunayensu.
Roach ne mai suna:
- vobloi;
- rago;
- chebak;
- nama;
- furfura;
- bagel.
A cikin faɗin Siberia da Urals, ana kiran roach chebak, wanda yake da tsattsauran jiki da idanu rawaya. Tsawon jikin chebak zai iya zuwa 32 cm, kuma nauyinsa - har zuwa gram 760. A cikin Kirov, Arkhangelsk, Vologda yankuna da kuma yankin Nenets Automoous Okrug, ana kiran roach din magpie, kifin yana da jajayen idanu da kuma jiki mafi girma fiye da chebak.
Bidiyo: Roach
A tafkin Baikal da kuma cikin tekun Yenisei, mutum na iya jin irin wannan suna don roach a matsayin hanya. Ana iya samun vobla a cikin faɗin Tekun Caspian, yayin ɓoyewa ya shiga cikin Volga, tsayin kifin bai wuce santimita 30. Rago yana rayuwa a cikin ruwan Azov da Black Seas, yana shiga hanyoyin kogunan da ke guduwa a cikin zamanin ɓatancin. Mafi girman tsawon jikinta shine 35 cm, kuma nauyinta yakai kilo biyu.
Ana kiran ruwan daɗaɗɗen ruwa mai zama, kuma ana kiran kifaye masu tarin ruwa mai ƙima. Daga cikin jinsin mazauna, mafi kimar su shine Siberian roach (chebak), wanda ake hako shi a sikeli na masana'antu. Irin waɗannan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa kamar rago da vobla suma suna da darajar kasuwanci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Game da rabe-raben iri da kananan nau'ikan roach tsakanin masana kimiyya, har yanzu ana ci gaba da tattaunawa. Wasu sun yi amannar cewa rabewar wannan kifin zuwa kananan abubuwa kuskure ne, yayin da wasu kuma, akasin haka, suke daukar wasu daga cikin nau'ikan rabe-raben, jinsin daban.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya roach yake kama
Sigar jikin roach tana da tsayi, an ɗan daidaita jikin daga gefunan. Ainihin, ma'aunin kifi yana da launin azurfa, amma wani lokacin ana samun samfuran jan ƙarfe-mai launin rawaya, ya dogara da wuraren jigilar kifi na dindindin. Theunƙun roach yana da launi mai duhu mai duhu, wani lokacin yana haskakawa tare da launuka masu launin shuɗi ko kore. An bambanta roach daga danginsa na kusa da kasancewar ƙananan hakora, waɗanda suke gefen duka bakin.
Sikeli na roach yana da girma kuma an dasa shi da yawa, tare da layin gefe zaka iya lissafa daga sikeli 40 zuwa 45. Fuskar dorsal tana da haskoki 9 zuwa 11, kuma finfin ananal yana da 9-12. Ba a lura da layin layi na tsakiya a cikin kifi ba. Doarshen ƙugu da ƙashin ƙugu sun daidaita. Udararrakin ƙafafun da ƙoshin baya-kore ne-launin toka-ƙanƙani ko launin ruwan kasa, yayin da ƙashin ƙugu, ƙugu da na tsaka-tsakin ruwan lemu ne ko ja. Idanun zagayen roach suna da lemu ko jan ido.
Kifin kifin yana da sifa iri-iri. Bakin bakin rogin karami ne, kuma hawan sama na sama na gaba kadan, haifar da kifi mai kyan gani. Roach da aminci yana canza gurɓataccen ruwa, inda abun cikin oxygen yake a matakin ƙarancin ƙarancin aiki. Girman roach yana tafiya a hankali, a shekarar farko ta rayuwa tsawon sa yakai 5 cm, kusa da shekaru uku, tsawon kifin ya banbanta daga 12 zuwa 15 cm, kuma yana girma zuwa 30 cm idan ya kai shekara goma. A matsakaita, tsawon balagaggen mutum ya fara daga 10 zuwa 25 cm, kuma nauyinsa na iya zama daga 150 zuwa 500 gram.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An kafa tarihin duniya a kasar Jamus, inda suka kamo wata bahaushe mai nauyin kilogiram 2.58.
A ina roach yake rayuwa?
Photo: Roach a cikin kogin
Yankin rarraba roach yana da fadi sosai, ya faro daga Burtaniya da Tsakiyar Turai zuwa arewacin Sweden da Finland. A yankin Asiya orarama da cikin Kirimiya, ana samun rogo, amma yawan jama'arta ba su da yawa. A cikin tekun Bahar Rum, ba a samo kifi kwata-kwata. Deployedananan raƙuman ruwa marasa ƙarfi ana tura su a cikin ruwan Tekun Baƙar fata da na Azov. Roach ya guji Gabas mai Nisa da yankin Amur.
Kifin yana zaune a cikin ruwa daban-daban, yana rayuwa:
- a cikin Volga;
- Lena;
- Obi;
- Yenisei;
- a Tafkin Baikal;
- a yankin ruwa na Tafkin Zaysan;
- a cikin ruwan Tekun Aral.
Mutane sun kawo roach zuwa Ireland, da nahiyar Australiya, da Maroko, da Spain da Italiya, inda kifin ya sami tushe sosai. Ruwan da ba shi da daɗi ya dace da ruwan tabkuna da rafuka masu rauni. Ana iya samun roach a cikin ƙananan ƙananan koguna, tafkuna, kogunan tsaunuka masu rikicewa, tsayayyar baya, a cikin tekun da ke gabar teku. Jikunan ruwa, waɗanda suka maida hankali a cikin oxygen kuma suka cika da ciyawa, ba sa tsoran wannan ƙaramar kifin kwata-kwata.
Kusa da bakin teku, ana soya roach da yara kanana, kuma manya da manya sunada ƙasan. A lokacin bazara, ana yawan tura roach a saman fuskar ruwa, saboda abun ciye-ciye akan kwari. Tare da gabatowar lokacin hunturu, kifayen sun taru a makarantu kuma suna zurfafawa, kusa da daskararrun dunkule-tsirrai da kuma ruwan sanyi.
Yanzu kun san inda ake samun kifin roach. Bari muga me zata ci.
Menene roach yake ci?
Photo: Kifin roach
A cikin abinci, roach ba shi da daɗi, kuma abincinsa ya bambanta.
Balagaggen kifi yana son ci:
- tadpoles;
- kifin kifi;
- zubar jini;
- tsutsotsi;
- tsutsa daga mazari;
- tsutsa;
- soya;
- algae.
'Ya'yan yara da kuma soya suna ciyar da ragowar matattun invertebrates, larvae da pupae na tura sauro. Don haɓaka girma, roach dole ne ya rayu cikin ruwan alkaline tare da babban abun ciki na alli. Bai kamata kandami ya zama gurɓatacce ba, ana maraba da ciyawa da yawa da ƙananan gasa. A farkon lokacin bazara na rayuwarsu, soya sun fi son algae da daphnia guda-guda. A lokacin kaka, suna fara neman ƙananan dabbobin iyo.
Lokacin da kifin ya fara cin abinci daban-daban, haɓakar su na ci gaba sosai, yana ƙaruwa cikin zangon daga takwas zuwa goma. Girman girma da balagaron roach ya fara sauyawa zuwa ƙasan ciyayi da dabbobi. Har sai ya girma zuwa santimita goma sha biyar a tsayi, roach yana cin ciyawa, kowane irin kwari da algae. Manyan mutane suna cin manyan ƙananan invertebrates (misali, katantanwar teku).
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lokacin da roach yake narkar da abin da suka ci ya dogara da yanayin zafin yanayi. A digiri 21 tare da alamar ƙari, yakan ɗauki awanni huɗu, lokacin da ya yi sanyi daga ƙari biyar zuwa takwas, zai ɗauki awanni 72 don narkewa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Roach a lokacin rani
Roach yana zaune a cikin makarantu, waɗanda aka kafa bisa shekarun kifi. Yawancin lokaci, ana iya ganin samfurin mafi girma a cikin makarantar ƙananan kifi. Yaran yara suna bin ruwa mara zurfi da yankin bakin teku, yayin da manyan mutane ke rayuwa cikin zurfin. Kifi ya fi son itacen zaƙi da reed. Dukan garken kifin ma suna zuwa lokacin sanyi, kuma idan kankara ta fara narkewa, kifayen suna ninkaya zuwa ƙananan wurare, kuma a wannan lokacin suna ciza sosai.
Roach yana da taka tsantsan da tsoro, saboda haka koyaushe yana kan faɗakarwa kuma yana iya ja da baya da sauri tare da kowane irin amo. Kifi yana aiki a rana da kuma yamma. Ba ta da wata matsala ta musamman game da abinci. roach yana cin ciyayi da abincin dabbobi iri-iri cikin nishadi. A tsakiyar bazara, lokacin da abinci ya yi yawa, cizon kifi ya rasa aikinsa, saboda haka masun kifi suna amfani da abubuwa da yawa da ke sa su shiga ciki. Kuma a lokacin kaka, lokacin da ciyayi na cikin ruwa ya mutu, roach din baya da kyau sosai kuma ana kama shi da kyau.
Roach ana iya kiran shi kifi mara kyau kuma mai komai wanda ya dace da rayuwa a cikin ruwa daban-daban, baya jin tsoron gurɓataccen yanayi ko kuma ƙarancin iskar oxygen a cikin ruwa. Tuni a tsakiyar lokacin kaka, kifayen suna shirya don hunturu, suna tawaye a cikin makarantu. A lokacin hunturu, taron kifin sun isa zurfin zurfinsu, inda akwai da yawa da daskararre. Da isowar bazara, ana tura ganyen ruwa mai zurfi, da makarantun kifi zuwa gaba, inda suke fara cin abinci, suna kama kwari iri-iri.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi kyawun lokuta don cizon roach ana ɗaukarsu lokaci ne kafin a taɓar da ɗabi'a (mako guda kafin ta) da kuma bayan tazarar - kusa da ƙarshen watan Mayu ko farkon Yuni. A lokacin bazara, lokacin da ruwa bai riga ya sami lokacin yin dumi ba, roach yana cizon mafi kyau da rana, kuma a lokacin zafi mai zafi, ana yin cizon mai aiki da asuba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Little roach
Balaga tsakanin maza da mata na roach yana faruwa ne a lokuta mabanbanta, a cikin mazan yakan zo ne da shekaru biyu zuwa hudu, a mata - daga hudu zuwa biyar. Lokacin haɓakawa yana faruwa a ƙarshen Afrilu kuma yana ɗaukan Mayu. Don kiwo, roach yana zabar wuraren da akwai dazuzzuka masu zurfin ruwa, da rafi, ruwa mara zurfi, da ciyawar da ke ambaliyar ruwa, yankunan kogunan da ke da saurin gudu sun dace da wannan aikin. Yayin lokacin saduwa, zaka iya lura da yadda roch ya tsalle daga cikin ruwa, ya zama mai feshi. Maza suna ƙoƙari su bi mata ko'ina.
Lokacin da ruwan ya dumama har zuwa digiri 10 tare da alamar ƙari, tufafin maza suna samun ƙarancin ƙarfi, wanda aka halicce shi da kumburin haske da ke bayyana a jiki. A cikin garken, mata suna taɓa irin waɗannan mawuyacin yanayin na mazan na kimanin makonni biyu, wanda hakan ke tunzura su su haihu da ƙwai, waɗanda ke da launi mai launin rawaya. Wata mace na iya samun daga dubu 10 zuwa 200 daga cikinsu, diamita na ƙwai ya bambanta daga milimita ɗaya zuwa ɗaya da rabi. A cikin tafkunan da babu ruwa a yanzu, ƙwai suna manne da ciyawa, ciyawa, da kuma tushen bishiyoyin da ke bakin teku. A cikin ruwa tare da halin yanzu, ana riƙe su da ganshin Willow da duwatsu.
Lokacin shiryawa shine daga kwanaki 4 zuwa 12, yana fitowa, soyayyen yana da tsayin 4 zuwa 6 mm. Yara jarirai har zuwa wata ɗaya suna cikin ƙasan daji, suna ciyarwa da ɓoyewa daga masu cutar marasa lafiya. Soyayyen ya fi dacewa da ruwa inda halin yanzu ya zama mai rauni ko ba ya nan (kandami, fadama). Fishananan kifayen sun fi son yankuna masu zurfin ruwa, kuma yawan ci gaban su yana da sauƙi. Matsakaicin rayuwar roach ya kai kimanin shekaru 20, a lokacin wannan babban lokacin yakan kai santimita arba'in a tsayi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin koguna kusa da tsire-tsire masu ƙarfi, ana iya yin ɓarna na lokacin roach a watan Janairu, wannan saboda kasancewar ruwan ɗumi mai dumi.
Halittan makiya na roach
Photo: Yaya roach yake kama
A cikin muhallinsu na asali, mai kunya da ƙaramar rogo suna da isassun makiya. A lokacin bazara da farkon bazara, ƙwai masu yawa na wannan kifin suna mutuwa, saboda rayayye ci da eels. Hakanan ana iya ƙidaya abubuwan lalata da pike tsakanin maƙiyan roach, koyaushe suna tare da harkokinta, galibi suna kai hare-hare a lokacin ɓatancin. Kifaye masu farauta suna kallon matashin rogo a cikin haɓakar ruwan, inda yake iyo a neman plankton. Pike perch ba ya kyamar cin abinci a cikin roach, suna afkawa kifin ta hanyar bugun kawunansu, sa'annan kuma su ciza shi da kaifin haushi. Gluttonous chubs suna ciyar da soyayyen roach da samari marasa ƙwarewa.
Wasu tsuntsaye kuma ana iya danganta su ga abokan gaba na kifi, misali, cormorants, waɗanda ke cin rabin kilo na kifi a rana ɗaya. Kingfishers kuma suna cin abinci akan soya da ƙananan kifi, waɗanda basu wuce girman santimita goma ba. Herons, a gefe guda, suna son manyan kyankyasai, suna cin kifin kifi mai tsawon kusan 35 cm Tsuntsayen bishiyoyin ruwa da ke kiwo a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, inda suke nitsewa sosai, suna kama ƙananan kifi, wanda tsawon sa, yawanci, baya wuce 16 cm. ...
Baya ga kifi da tsuntsaye masu farauta, rowan tsuntsaye ne ke cin roach, muskrats, minks, waɗanda ke farautar sa a bakin tekun. Ana haɗiye ƙananan kifi kai tsaye daidai cikin ruwa, kuma ana cin babba a ƙasa. Baya ga wakilai daban-daban na fauna, kowane nau'in cututtuka na shafar rogo, wanda kifin ma ya mutu. Cutar baƙin tabo na faruwa ne a cikin kifi saboda gaskiyar cewa tana cin katantanwa waɗanda ke kamuwa da ƙwayoyin tsutsa na parasitic. Baƙuwar fata ta bayyana a jikin kifin mara lafiya; wannan cutar ba ta da haɗari ga mutane.
Ciyar da kan ruwa, roach din ya kamu da cutar ligulosis. Wannan cutar tana tattare ne da ci gaba da kuma girman kwayar halittar kashin ciki a cikin ramin ciki na kifin, wanda a hankali yake fara matse gabobin kifin na ciki, wanda ke sanya roach bakararre ba da daɗewa ba.
Makiyan roach sun hada da mutanen da sanannen iko ke amfani dasu da sanda. Masu son kamun kifi suna kama rogo da yawa, wanda daga ciki ake shirya nau'ikan jita-jita. Naman kifi yana da ɗanɗano kuma yana da ƙarancin abun kalori, saboda haka kuma ya dace da waɗanda ke adana su, suna bin tsarin abinci.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A Burtaniya, ana kama roach don nishaɗi, kusan duk kifin da aka kama ana sake shi cikin ruwa. Kodayake ana daukar roach a matsayin abinci, amma Birtaniyyawa ba su daraja shi, sun fi son sauran nau'ikan kifin
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Kifin roach
Yankin rarraba roach yana da fadi sosai; wannan karamin kifin ya dace da jikin ruwa. Ba ta da ma'ana ga mahalli kuma tana da komai. Girman yawan wannan kifin ba ya haifar da wata damuwa ga kungiyoyin muhalli, akasin haka, a wasu wuraren ruwa akwai da yawa daga cikinsu.
Can baya a cikin shekaru 70 na karnin da ya gabata, buƙatar roach a Arewacin Turai ta faɗi ƙasa warwas. Kifin ya ci zooplankton ya yi girma a hankali, wanda ke haifar da gaskiyar cewa magudanan ruwa da suke zaune sun fara yin girma da girma sosai, saboda ba a kama su don dalilan masana'antu. Kama roach yana haifar da dawo da adadin zooplankton, raguwar kayan sinadarin nitrogen da phosphorus a cikin ruwa, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga gaskiyar cewa nau'ikan kifayen masu daraja sun fara girma da haɓaka a wurinsa.
Ana iya siyar da babban kifi, amma a faɗin tsakiyar Turai abu ne mai arha sosai, kuma yawancin kifin ana amfani dashi don samar da abincin dabbobi har ma da biodiesel. An ƙaddamar da wani aiki a cikin Finland, wanda ke ba da damar ɗaukar tan 350 na roach duk shekara. Ya kamata a lura cewa rago da roach suna da mafi girman darajar kasuwanci; ana sayar da wannan kifin sabo ne da busasshe.
Don haka, roach ya kasance kifi da yawa, ba ya wakiltar wata ƙimar masana'antu ta musamman, a wasu ƙasashe kusan ba a amfani da ita don abinci. Kodayake kifi da tsuntsaye, da sauran dabbobi suna cin adadi mai yawa na soya da ƙwai, amma ba a barazanar yawan dabbobin dawa daga wannan, saboda haka ba ta cikin kariya ta musamman kuma ba ta buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Roach na iya haɗuwa tare da rudd, chub da bream, wanda yakan faru sau da yawa. Irin waɗannan matasan suna da launi mai laushi sosai kuma mafi yawansu basu iya haifuwa, amma har wannan mahimmancin bashi da wani mummunan tasiri game da girman yawan kifin.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in lura cewa ga kowa roach yana wakiltar darajarta: ga wasu, kyauta ce mai kyau a cikin kamun kifi na wasanni, wasu suna son siffofin gastronomic ɗinsa, suna shirya abubuwa da yawa ba ma kawai masu daɗi ba, har ma da ƙoshin lafiya, abinci na abinci, wasu kuma kifin rogo don dalilin ƙarin sayarwar.Kuma tuna da dandano na warke roach, da yawa sun fara salsala.
Ranar bugawa: 08/13/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 14.08.2019 a 9:16
