Achatina katantanwa

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Achatina katantanwa shine ɗayan mafi girman ƙasar gastropods. Countriesasashe masu zama tare da yanayin yanayi mai zafi. A Rasha, suna son kiyaye waɗannan katantanwa kamar dabbobin gida, tun da waɗannan mollusks ba su da kyau sosai kuma kiyaye su ba ya haifar da matsala ga masu su. A kasarmu, wadannan katantanwa basa rayuwa a cikin daji saboda yanayin sanyi.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hotuna: Achatina katantanwa

Achatina ko gastropod mollusk, na cikin umarnin katantanwa na huhu, ɓangaren ƙananan ido, dangin Achatna. Gropropods na farko sun mamaye duniyarmu tun farkon zamanin Cretaceous na zamanin Mesozoic. Mafi dadaddun burbushin gastropod molluscs ya kusan shekara miliyan 99. Kakannin gastropods sune tsohuwar ammonite molluscs, wanda ya kasance daga Devonian har zuwa lokacin Cretaceous na zamanin Mesozoic.

Bidiyo: Achatina katantanwa

Ammonawa sun banbanta da katantanwa na zamani. Tsoffin katantanwa masu cin nama kuma sun fi kama da molluscs na zamani Nautilus pompilius. Waɗannan kwalliyar kwalliyar sun yi iyo cikin yardar kaina a cikin ruwa kuma girman su ya kai girman su. A karo na farko, masanin dabbobi na Faransa Baron André Etienne Ferussac ya bayyana jinsin Achatina fulica a cikin 1821.

Achatina dukkanin rukuni ne na katantanwa na ƙasa, wanda ya haɗa da nau'ikan halittu kamar su:

  • achatina reticulata;
  • achatina Craveni;
  • achatina Glutinosa;
  • achatina immaculata;
  • achatina Panthera;
  • achatina Tincta;

Achatina manyan katantanwa ne masu doguwar ƙafa mai tsawon 8-15 cm, amma, akwai samfuran da manya manya waɗanda a ciki harsashin ya fi girman 25 cm. A matsakaita, akwai kusan juyi 8 akan harsashi. Launin katantanwa na iya zama daban kuma ya dogara da abin da katantan yake ci. Ainihin, launin Achatina yana mamaye launuka masu launin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa. Harsashi yana da alamun ratsi mai launin rawaya da launin ruwan kasa mai launin ja.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hoto: Yadda katantanwar Achatina take

Achatina manyan gastropods ne na ƙasa. Girman harsashin balagagge daga 10 zuwa 25 cm tsayi. Katantanwa tayi kimanin gram 250-300. A karkashin yanayi mai kyau, nauyin mollusk zai iya kaiwa gram 400. Jiki filastik ne, tsawonsa yakai 16 cm, an rufe shi da kwatancen kyawawan wrinkles. Tsarin katantanwa an rarraba shi bisa al'ada kashi biyu: aikin cephalopodia - kai da kafa na mollusk da visceropallia (akwati).

Shugaban mollusk ya fi girma, yana tsaye a gaban jiki. A kan kai akwai ƙananan ƙaho, gans ɗin ƙwaƙwalwa, idanu da baki. Idanun katantanwa suna a ƙarshen tantin. Ba sa ganin katantanwa da kyau. Suna iya kawai rarrabe siffofin abubuwa a tazarar 1 cm daga idanuwa. Iya rarrabe tsakanin ƙarfin haske. Da gaske basa son haske mai haske. Idan hasken rana ya faɗi kan katantanwa, mollusk zai fara ɓoyewa. Kogon baka ya bunkasa sosai. A ciki akwai harshe da ƙaya. Saboda wannan fasalin tsarin, katantanwa zai iya fahimtar abinci da harshensa a sauƙaƙe.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Katantan kai na wannan nau'in suna da hakora kusan dubu 25. Hakoran suna da ƙarfi, sun haɗu da chitin. Katantanwa tana amfani da haƙoranta don nikakken abinci mai ƙarfi.

Theafan katantanwa tana da ƙarfi, tare da babban tafin taɓewa, tare da taimakon wanda ƙuƙwalwar zata iya motsawa a kwance da kuma a tsaye. Glandan katantanwa suna ɓoye wani ƙashi na mussamman wanda ke inganta zamiya kuma mafi kyau mannewa zuwa saman. Jakar ciki tana da kariya ta harsashi mai ƙarfi. Katantanwa yana da sauƙin tsarin gabobi mai sauƙi: zuciya, huhu da koda ɗaya. Zuciyar ta ƙunshi atrium na hagu kuma ventricle yana kewaye da pericardium. Jinin a bayyane yake. Katantanwa tana hura iska ta cikin huhu da fata.

Harshen kumburin yana da ƙarfi kuma mai ɗorewa. Adadin jujjuya yayi daidai da shekarun mollusk. Launi daga kwasfa har ma da mollusks na ire-iren waɗannan ƙananan filaye na iya zama daban. Launin harsashi ya dogara da abincin katantanwa da yanayin rayuwar mutum. Matsakaicin tsawon rayuwar wadannan kwayoyin a cikin daji shine shekaru 11; a cikin fursuna, wadannan halittun zasu iya rayuwa tsawon lokaci.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Achatina, kamar sauran katantanwa, yana da ikon sabuntawa. Wato, katantanwa na iya sake tara ɓataccen ɓangaren jiki.

Ina Achatina katantanwa?

Photo: Achatina katantanwa a gida

Afirka ana ɗaukarta asalin mahaifar Achatina. Da farko, katantanwa sun rayu ne kawai a cikin yanayin dumi da dumi na Afirka, amma bayan lokaci, godiya ga mutane, waɗannan katantanwa sun bazu cikin duniya. Akhatins a halin yanzu suna zaune a Habasha, Kenya, Somalia. A cikin karni na 19, an gabatar da katantanwa zuwa Indiya da Jamhuriyar Mauritius. Kusa da ƙarni na 20, waɗannan katantanwan sun zo tsibirin Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Thailand. A ƙarshen karni na 20, an gabatar da waɗannan katantanwa zuwa California, Hawaii, Ireland, New Guinea, da Tahiti.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Achatina katantanwa ƙwararrun masarufi ne, suna iya tuna abin da ya same su a cikin sa'ar da ta gabata, ku tuna wurin da ake samun tushen abinci. Suna bambanta tsakanin dandano kuma suna da fifiko. Katantanwar gida suna iya gane mai su.

Kuma kuma a ƙarshen karni na 20, an gano waɗannan katantanwa a cikin Caribbean. Sun fi son wurare tare da yanayi mai dumi da danshi don rayuwa. Yana aiki bayan ruwan sama a yanayin iska daga 10 zuwa 30 ° C. A yanayin zafi mai zafi, ta fada cikin rudu, ta rufe ƙofar kwasfa tare da murfin laka. A ƙananan yanayin zafi daga 8 zuwa 3 ° C, shi hibernates. Wadannan katantanwa basu da ma'ana ga yanayin waje, kuma sun iya mallaki rayuwa a kusan kowane nau'in kwayar halitta. Ana iya samun Achatin a cikin gandun daji, wurin shakatawa, kwarin kwari da filaye.

Zai iya zama kusa da gidan mutum ana ɗaukar shi azaman nau'in haɗari. An hana shigo da waɗannan mollusc ɗin zuwa cikin ƙasashe da yawa. A Amurka, shigar da Akhatin yana da hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku. Cutarwa ga harkar noma.

Yanzu kun san yadda ake ajiye katantanwar Achatina a gida. Bari mu ga yadda ake ciyar da wannan babban abincin.

Menene katantan Achatina take ci?

Hotuna: Babban Achatina katantanwa

Ahetians sune 'yar molluscs masu yawan ciyawa waɗanda ke ciyar da ciyayi kore, kayan lambu da' ya'yan itatuwa.

Abincin Achatina katantanwa ya haɗa da:

  • rake;
  • bishiyar bishiya;
  • lalacewar sassan shuke-shuke;
  • 'ya'yan itacen da aka lalace;
  • ganyen bishiyoyi masu fruita fruitan itace;
  • ganyen inabi, latas;
  • albasa;
  • dandelions;
  • ayaba;
  • lucene;
  • nettle;
  • 'ya'yan itatuwa (kamar su avocados, inabi, abarba, mangoro, cherries, apricots, pears, apples);
  • kayan lambu (karas, kabeji, zucchini, beets, kabewa, salatin);
  • bawon bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.

A gida, ana ciyar da katantanwa kayan lambu (broccoli, karas, latas, kabeji, kokwamba, barkono mai kararrawa). 'Ya'yan itacen apple, pears, mango, avocado, ayaba, inabi. Kabewa. Hakanan za'a iya amfani da ƙananan oatmeal, hatsi, cin kashi, da kwayoyi a matsayin ƙarin abinci. Don ci gaban da ya dace da ƙwarjin, Achatina yana buƙatar a ba shi ƙarin tushen ma'adanai - alli, ƙwai mai ƙwai ko ƙwanƙolin dutse.

Dole ne a ba da waɗannan abubuwa cikin ƙananan yayyafa akan babban abinci. Manya Achatina cikin sauƙin jimrewa da abinci mai ƙarfi. Snaananan katantanwa za a iya ciyar da su tare da 'ya'yan itacen grated da kayan marmari, amma bai kamata a ba da dankalin da aka nika ba kamar yadda yara za su iya shaƙa a ciki. Baya ga abinci, dabbobin gida ya kamata koyaushe su sami ruwa a sha.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Achatina halittu ne masu taurin kai, zasu iya zama ba tare da abinci ba har tsawon kwanaki, kuma ba zai cutar dasu ba. A cikin daji, lokacin da Achatins basa iya samun abinci na dogon lokaci kuma kawai suna shiga cikin bacci.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Hoto: katantanwar Achatina

Katantanwa halittu masu nutsuwa suna haifar da nutsuwa. A cikin daji, suna rayuwa su kadai, ko ƙirƙirar ma'aurata kuma suna zaune tare a cikin yanki ɗaya. Ba za su iya kasancewa a cikin yanayin garke na dogon lokaci ba, babban tarin manya yana haifar da damuwa. Sabili da haka, yayin yawan jama'a da karuwar ƙaruwar yawan jama'a, ƙaurawar Achatina mai yawa na iya farawa.

Achatina suna aiki bayan ruwan sama da dare. Da rana, waɗannan maƙerin suna fitowa daga ɓoye kawai lokacin da yake da ruwa a waje. A ranakun rana, katantanwa suna ɓuya a bayan duwatsu, a tsakanin tushen bishiyoyi da cikin dazuzzuka na daji daga hasken rana. Sau da yawa sukan yi burrow cikin ƙasa don kada su yi zafi sosai. Snaananan katantanwa na iya yin tafiya mai tsayi sosai kuma ba a ɗaure su da wuraren hutawa ba. Mutane tsofaffi sun fi kiyayewa kuma don hutawa suna wadatar da kansu da wani wurin hutawa kuma suna nema wa kansu abinci kusa da wannan wurin, suna ƙoƙari kada su ƙaurace masa da fiye da mita 5. Don motsawa a hankali a cikin minti ɗaya, Achatina tana rarrafe a matsakaita 1-2 cm.

A cikin daji, tare da farkon yanayin rashin kyau na rayuwa, Achatins sun yi kabbara a cikin ƙasa, sun rufe rata a cikin kwasfa tare da fim mai ɗorawa na musamman wanda aka yi da ƙashi da hibernate. Ya kamata a sani cewa rashin nutsuwa, tsari ne na kariya, katantanwa baya buƙatar bacci, yana yin hakan ne don jiran yanayin muhalli mara kyau. Katantan cikin gida na iya yin hibernate a ƙarƙashin mummunan yanayi. Wannan yakan faru ne lokacin da katantanwa ba shi da isasshen abinci, ko kuma rashin daidaituwar abincinsa, lokacin da iska a cikin terrarium ta bushe sosai, idan dabbar gidan ta yi sanyi ko damuwa.

Ya kamata a lura cewa dogon kwanciyar hankali ba shi da kyau ga molluscs. A lokacin bacci, katantanwa ta rage nauyi sosai, ban da haka, yayin dogon bacci a ƙofar kwasfa, ban da fim na farko wanda ƙwanƙolin ya rufe ƙwanƙwashinsa, ana yin fina-finai iri ɗaya na gamsai. Kuma tsawon lokacin da katantanwa tayi bacci, da wahalar tashinta. Tada katantanwa bayan bacci ya isa kawai a riƙe shi a ƙarƙashin rafin ruwan dumi kuma bayan ɗan lokaci katantanwan zai farka ya fita daga gidansa. A farke, samar da katantanwa da kyakkyawan yanayi da ingantaccen abinci.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Photo: Giant katantanwa Achatina

Tsarin zamantakewar katantanwa bai ci gaba ba. Sau da yawa Achatins suna zaune su kadai, wani lokacin suna iya zama a cikin yanki ɗaya kamar ma'aurata. Katantanwa ba sa gina iyalai kuma ba ruwansu da zuriyarsu. Achatina sune hermaphrodites, kowane mutum na iya yin aikin mata da na maza. A cikin mawuyacin yanayi, katantanwa suna da ikon haɗa kai, amma wannan yana faruwa a cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba.

Kowane mutum da ke shirye don yin aure yana rarrafe a da'irori, yana ɗaga jikinsa gaba kaɗan, wani lokacin yana tsayawa, kamar suna neman wani abu. Lokacin da irin waɗannan katantanwa guda biyu suka haɗu, suna fara sadarwa, suna jin juna da tanti, suna rarrafe a cikin da'irar. Irin waɗannan raye-raye na rawar aura na iya ɗaukar tsawon awanni 2, bayan katantanwa sun faɗi tare, suna manne da juna.

Idan katantanwar suna da girma iri daya, hadi yana faruwa a cikin katantanwan biyu. Idan katantan daya ya fi na dayan girma, to babban katantanwa zaiyi kamar mace, tunda ana bukatar kuzari sosai don cigaban kwai. Ananan katantanwa, har ma da manya koyaushe suna yin kamar na maza, manyan mutane suna yin kamar mata.

Bayan jima'i, katantanwa na iya adana maniyyi har tsawon shekaru; a hankali ana amfani dashi don sabbin ƙwai masu girma. A cikin zuriyar dabbobi guda ɗaya, mutum ɗaya yakan ba da ƙwai kusan 200; a ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau, za a iya ƙara girman kama zuwa ƙwai 300. A cikin shekara guda, mutum ɗaya na iya yin irin waɗannan nau'ikan 6. Ciki a cikin katantanwa yana ɗaukar kwana 7 zuwa 14. Mace tana yin kama a cikin ƙasa. Bayan katantanwa tayi kwai, sai ta manta dasu.

Qwai suna da ƙanana, kusan tsawon mm 5, tsayi kaɗan. Bayan makonni 2-3, ƙananan katantanwa suna ƙyanƙyashe daga ƙwai. Snaananan katantanwa suna girma da sauri cikin shekaru 2 na farko, bayan haka haɓakar katantanwar tana raguwa sosai. Yaran yara sun isa balagar jima'i tun suna da watanni 7-14, gwargwadon halaye na kowane mutum, da yanayin rayuwa.

Abokan gaba na Achatina katantanwa

Hoto: Yadda katantanwar Achatina take

A wuraren zama na yau da kullun, Achatina katantanwa suna da abokan gaba da yawa a cikin daji, godiya ga wanda aka tsara adadin waɗannan mollusks.

Babban maƙiyan kifin kifin a cikin daji sune:

  • manyan kadangaru;
  • toads;
  • jauhari;
  • beraye, beraye da sauran beraye;
  • manyan tsuntsayen dabbobi irin su falcons, mikiya, hankaka, aku da sauran su;
  • katantanwa genoxis.

Koyaya, kar ka manta cewa a ƙasashe da yawa, musamman ma inda aka hana shigo da waɗannan katantanwan, saboda girman molk ɗin da halaye na fauna, katantanwa ba ta da abokan gaba. A wannan halin, sake sarrafawar waɗannan mollusks na iya zama ainihin bala'i, saboda suna saurin ninkawa da yawa a cikin manyan yankuna. Kuma ban da haka, katantanwa suna cinye dukkan ɗanyen ganyen da suka haɗu akan hanya.

Achatina yana cike da ƙwayoyi iri daban-daban na helminth, mafi rashin jin daɗi daga cikinsu shine ƙuƙwalwar ƙuƙwalwa da ƙwarin tsutsa. Wadannan tsutsotsi na iya rayuwa a cikin kwasfa na katantanwa, kuma a jikin mollusk. Yol da ke fama da cutar parasites ya zama mai rauni, kuma idan ba a kawar da su ba, katantanwa na iya mutuwa.
Bugu da kari, katantanwa na iya sa wasu dabbobi da mutane cututtukan parasitic.
Hakanan Achatina suna yin rashin lafiya tare da cututtukan fungal yayin sanyi, zasu iya kamuwa da sanyi, amma galibi a ƙarƙashin yanayi mara kyau yanayin katantanwa na ɓoyewa.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Photo: Achatina katantanwa

Matsayin kiyayewa na jinsin Achatina abu ne na gama gari, ma’ana, babu abin da ke barazana ga jinsin. Yawan jinsunan suna da yawa sosai, mollusks suna jin daɗi a cikin mazauninsu, suna hayayyafa da kyau cikin sauri kuma suna cika sabbin yankuna. Jinsi yana da hadari sosai, wanda ke nufin cewa jinsin zai iya saurin canzawa zuwa sabon yanayin muhalli, ya mamaye tsarin halittu wadanda basu da halaye irin wannan.

A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, an gabatar da haramci kan shigo da Achatina, ban da gabatarwar waɗannan ƙananan ƙwayoyin a cikin tsarin halittun da ke baƙon su. Achatina sune kwari masu haɗari na aikin gona, katantanwa suna cin amfanin gona, 'ya'yan itace da kayan marmari akan gonaki. Kasancewar Achatins a cikin yanayin halittu wanda yake baƙon su a cikin adadi mai yawa na iya zama ainihin masifa ga noman wannan yanki.

A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, a cikin ƙasarmu, waɗannan talikan suna son kiyaye su kamar dabbobin gida. Bayan haka, katantanwa basu da ma'ana, suna da nutsuwa kuma mutane da yawa suna jin daɗin kallon waɗannan talikan. Sau da yawa ana tayar da katantanwa kuma ana rarraba yara ƙanana kyauta. Koyaya, kar ku manta cewa a cikin kowane hali yakamata ku jefa ƙwai ƙwai, saboda Achatina na iya ƙyanƙyashewa da sauri zama cikin sabon yanki.

A cikin ƙasarmu, Achatins yawanci basa rayuwa a cikin daji, don haka babu haramcin kiyaye waɗannan dabbobin. A Amurka, shigo da katantanwa cikin kasar yana da hukuncin daurin shekaru 5 a gidan yari, kuma an lalata katantanwar da aka shigo da ita. Hakanan an haramta shigo da katantanwa cikin yankin wasu ƙasashe da yawa inda keɓe keɓewa ke aiki.

Achatina katantanwa halitta mai ban mamaki. Katantanwa suna da saurin daidaitawa, a sauƙaƙe suna shafar mummunan tasirin tasirin yanayin waje. Suna hanzarta daidaitawa da kuma mamaye sabbin yankuna. A matsayin dabbobi, sun dace da mutane da yawa, domin ko da yaro zai iya kula da Achatina. Lalacewa daga katantanwa shine cewa suna jigilar ƙwayoyin cuta da zasu iya kamuwa da cutar. Sabili da haka, yanke shawara don samun irin wannan dabbobin gidan, ya kamata kuyi tunani sau da yawa shin yana da daraja a yi ko a'a.

Ranar bugawa: 08/13/2019

Ranar da aka sabunta: 14.08.2019 a 23:47

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