A ambaton sunan "Korsak" da yawa ba za su fahimci irin dabba nan da nan ba. Amma mutum zai kalli hotan Korsak ne kawai, nan da nan zaka ga cewa yayi kamanceceniya da fox na talakawa, kawai rage kwafin sa ne. Za mu koya dalla-dalla game da aikinta mai mahimmanci, bayan nazarin halaye na waje, ƙayyade mazaunin, nazarin halaye da al'adu, la'akari da siffofin haifuwa da abincin da aka fi so.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Korsak
Korsak kuma ana kiransa fope mai tsalle, wannan mai farauta yana cikin dangin canine da kuma halittar dabbobin. An yi imanin cewa sunan dabbar yana da alaƙa da kalmar Turkic "karsak", wanda ke haɗuwa da wani gajere, gajere, gajere. Korsak bai fi magatakarda karami ba, kuma a waje yana kama da jan fox, kawai a rage girmansa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Tsawon jikin fatar takunkumi da wuya ya wuce rabin mita, kuma nauyinsa ya bambanta daga kilogram uku zuwa shida. Yana da kyau a lura cewa masanan kimiyyar dabbobi sun banbanta kananan nau'ikan corsac guda uku, wadanda suka banbanta dan kadan ba kawai a wuraren da aka tura su ba, har ma da girma da launi na ulu.
Idan muka kwatanta corsac da jan fox, to suna da kamanceceniya sosai a zahiri, a cikin biyun duk jikin mutum yana da tsayi kuma yana tsugune, corsac din kawai yana da ban takaici a girma. Yana ƙasa da ja yaudara ba kawai a cikin girma ba, har ma a cikin tsawon jela. Kari akan haka, wutsiyar fox na yau da kullun ya fi wadata da haske. Bambanci tsakanin corsac da jan mai farauta shine bakin duhun jelarsa, kuma ya banbanta da karen Afganistan da kasancewar farin ƙugu da leɓen ƙasa.
Tabbas, launinsa, idan aka kwatanta shi da kyakkyawa mai launin ja, ba shi da haske da bayyana. Amma wannan canza launi yana yiwa mai cin amana amintacce, yana taimaka masa kada ya kasance ba a lura da shi a cikin faɗaɗa sararin samaniya, wanda galibi ake rufe shi da ciyawar da ta bushe daga hasken rana. Gabaɗaya, corsac yana dacewa da kyanwa mai ƙoshin lafiya ko ƙaramin kare, tsayinsa a bushe kusan ba ya wuce iyakar santimita talatin. Idan mukayi magana game da banbanci tsakanin jinsi, to a Korsaks kusan babu shi. Namiji ya fi na mace girma, amma wannan kusan ba a iya ganin sa, kuma a launi iri ɗaya suke.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya Korsak yayi kama?
A farashin girman corsac, komai a bayyane yake, amma a cikin launinsa akwai launuka masu launin toka-toshi da launin ruwan kasa, kusa da goshin launi launi ya yi duhu. Fushin kugiyar stepe takaitacciya ce kuma mai kaɗa, mazugi yana faɗaɗa kusa da kashin kumatu. Kunnuwan da aka nuna na corsac suna da matukar birgewa kuma suna da fadi a gindi; daga sama suna da launin launin ruwan kasa-ja ko launin toka-mai-toka-toka. A gefen kunnuwan akwai furfura masu kauri rawaya, kuma ƙyallensu fari ne.
Bidiyo: Korsak
Yankin da ke kusa da idanun yana da gashi mai haske, kuma alwatika ɗin da aka kafa ta kusurwar idanu da leben sama yana da duhu. Jawo mai launin fari-fari ana lura da shi a kan makogwaro, a wuya da kewayen baki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Korsak yana da ƙananan hakora, waɗanda suke da tsari iri ɗaya da lambobi ga duk Foxu, akwai su 42. fan fashin Corsac har yanzu suna da ƙarfi da ƙarfi fiye da na jan fox ɗin.
Tare da kusancin yanayin sanyi, corsac yana kara kyau sosai, gashinsa ya zama siliki, mai taushi da kauri, an zana shi da launuka masu launin toka-rawaya. Sautin launin ruwan kasa mai haske tare da hadewar launin toka ya bayyana a kan dutsen, saboda gashin gashi suna da azurfa. Idan akwai irin waɗannan gashin gashi da yawa, to saman mai farautar ya zama azurfa-launin toka, amma wani lokacin, akasin haka, akwai ƙarin launin ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa. Yankin kafada yana daidaita da sautin baya, kuma ana iya ganin tabarau masu haske a gefunan. Ciki da kirji suna da fari ko kaɗan rawaya. Legsafaffun gaban Corsac suna da launi mai launin rawaya a gaba, kuma suna da tsatsa daga ɓangarorin, ƙafafun baya suna suma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ruwan bazara na corsac kwata-kwata baya kama da na hunturu, yana da kauri, mara yawa kuma gajere. Ko da jelar ta zama ba ta da yawa kuma an fizge. Ba a lura da azurfa ba, duk suturar tana samun ƙazamar laushi. Kai a bayan bangon kwalliyar bazara wanda ba a iya mallakar shi ya zama babba, kuma dukkan jiki ya bugu, ya banbanta da sirari da dogayen kafafu.
Ya kamata a kara da cewa a cikin hunturu wutsiyar ƙirar takunkumi tana da wadata ƙwarai, da daraja da ɗaukaka. Tsawonsa na iya zama rabin jiki ko ma fiye da haka, ya fara daga 25 zuwa 35 cm Lokacin da corsac ke tsaye, wutsiyar sa mai kyau tana faɗuwa daidai da ƙasa, tana taɓa shi da ƙarshen bakinsa. Tushen caudal yana da launin ruwan kasa, kuma tare da tsawon tsawon, ana iya ganin launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka-toka ko wadataccen launi.
Ina Korsak yake zaune?
Hotuna: Korsak a Rasha
Korsak ya yi wa Eurasia dadi, ya kame Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan. Dabbar tarko tana zaune a wasu yankuna na Rasha, waɗanda suka haɗa da Siberia ta Yamma. A yankin Turai, yankin sasantawa ya mallaki yankin Samara, kuma a kudu an iyakance shi zuwa Caucasus ta Arewa, daga arewa yankin ya fara zuwa Tatarstan. An lura da karamin yanki na rarrabawa a yankunan kudancin Transbaikalia.
A wajen iyakokin jiharmu, Korsak yana zaune:
- a cikin Mongolia, kewaye da yankin tsaunuka da dazuzzuka;
- a arewacin Afghanistan;
- a cikin Azerbaijan;
- a arewa maso gabas da arewa maso yammacin China;
- a cikin Ukraine;
- a yankin arewa maso gabashin Iran.
Akwai tabbacin cewa Korsak sun zauna sosai a cikin musaya tsakanin Urals da Volga. Kwanan nan, an kuma lura da fox na steppe a cikin yankin Voronezh. Ana ɗaukar Korsak a matsayin mazaunin dindindin na yammacin Siberia da Transbaikalia.
Don wuraren aiki na dindindin, Korsak ya zaɓi:
- yanki mai tudu da ƙananan ciyayi;
- m steppe;
- yankunan hamada da hamada;
- kwarin kwari;
- wuraren rairayi masu yashi na busassun gadajen kogi.
Dabbar tarko takan kaurace wa dazuzzuka dazuzzuka, baƙuwar tsiro da ƙarancin ƙasa. Kuna iya haɗuwa da korsak a cikin gandun daji da tuddai, amma wannan ana ɗaukarsa rake ne, a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna ana ɗauka da kansu ba da daɗewa ba.
Yanzu kun san inda Fox korsak yake zaune. Bari mu ga abin da fox steppe ke ci.
Menene corsac ke ci?
Hotuna: Lisa Korsak
Kodayake corsac bai fito a girma ba, amma, bayan duk, mai farauta ne, saboda haka jerin menu daban-daban kuma ya ƙunshi abincin dabbobi.
Dawowar taguwar stepe tana jin daɗin abun ciye-ciye:
- jerboas;
- pampari;
- beraye (kuma voles ma);
- gophers;
- marmotsi;
- dabbobi masu rarrafe daban-daban;
- matsakaiciyar tsuntsaye;
- qwai tsuntsaye;
- kowane irin kwari;
- kurege;
- bushiya (ba safai ba).
Korsak yana farauta a cikin dare lokacin kadaici shi kaɗai, kodayake wani lokacin yana iya yin aiki da rana. Senseanshin aji na farko, hangen nesa mai kyau da kuma jin ƙwarewa a matsayin mataimakansa masu aminci a cikin farauta. Yana jin daddawarsa daga nesa, yana gogewa akan iska. Bayan lura da wanda aka azabtar, da corsac da sauri ya kama ta, amma, kamar jan dangi na fox, ba zai iya linzamin kwamfuta ba. Lokacin da abinci yayi matsi sosai, corsac baya kyamar cin nama, yana cin datti iri-iri, amma baya cin abincin tsirrai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Korsak yana da iko mai ban mamaki, zai iya wanzuwa na dogon lokaci ba tare da ruwa ba, saboda haka rayuwa ke jan hankalinsa a cikin hamada, hamadar sahara da kuma busassun matakai.
Mai farautar dabbar daji mai saurin wargazawa ta yadda yake kama kananan tsuntsaye masu farauta, saboda yana motsawa cikin sauri yana motsawa tare da saurin walƙiya, har ma yana iya hawa bishiya ba tare da wahala mai yawa ba. A yayin neman abinci, corsac zai iya shawo kan kilomita da yawa a lokaci daya, amma a lokacin sanyi, tare da dusar kankara mai yawa, yana da matukar wahalar yin wannan, saboda haka, a lokacin sanyi, mutane da yawa sun mutu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A ƙarshen lokacin tsananin hunturu, yawan jama'ar Korsakov yana da rauni sosai. Akwai shaidar cewa a wasu yankuna a lokacin hunturu daya yakan rage goma ko ma sau ɗari, wanda hakan abin baƙin ciki ne sosai.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Korsak a Astrakhan
Ba za a iya kiran Korsakov da kadaici ba, suna zaune ne a cikin dangi. Kowane rukuni na iyali yana da nasa mallakar ƙasa, wanda zai iya mamaye daga kilomita murabba'i biyu zuwa arba'in, yana faruwa cewa yankin ya wuce kilomita murabba'i ɗari, amma wannan ba safai ba. Waɗannan canines ana iya kiransu dabbobin burrowing; a kan yankunansu akwai cikakkun rassan labyrinth na burrows da hanyoyi da yawa waɗanda ake amfani dasu koyaushe. Ana amfani da Korsaks don mafaka ta karkashin kasa, kamar a wuraren da suke zaune, ana maye gurbin yanayi na rana mai ɗaci da sanyin safiya a lokacin magariba, kuma damuna na da tsananin zafi kuma ana yin ruwan sama mai dusar ƙanƙara sau da yawa.
Korsak kansa kusan ba ya haƙa ramuka, yana zaune a cikin ɓuya marayu na marmot, gophers, manyan ƙwayoyin cuta, wani lokacin yakan zauna a cikin kaburburan jan fox da badger. A cikin mummunan yanayi, mai farautar bazai bar mafakarsa ba har tsawon kwanaki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Dangane da gaskiyar cewa fox din ba ya son tono ramuka, amma yana zaune ne a cikin baƙi, to dole ne ya sake haɓakawa daga ciki, shawarar da aka wajabta anan ita ce kasancewar akwai hanyoyi da yawa da za a bi don idan ba zato ba tsammani ka fice.
Akwai ramuka da yawa, zurfinsu ya kai mita biyu da rabi, a cikin kayan Korsaks, amma suna rayuwa ne a cikin guda ɗaya kawai. Kafin barin matsugunin, Fox mai hankali ya leka, sannan ya zauna kusa da kofar fita na wani lokaci, don haka yana waige-waige, sai bayan hakan ne kuma zai tafi farautar farauta. A wasu yankuna, lokacin sanyi na kaka ya fara, Korsaks suna yawo zuwa kudu, inda canjin yanayi ya fi sauki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wasu lokuta Corsacs dole suyi ƙaura, wannan yana faruwa ne saboda gobarar daji ko ƙarancin beraye, a irin waɗannan lokuta, ana iya samun fox stepe a cikin birni.
Masu farauta da tsalle-tsalle suna sadarwa da juna ta amfani da sautuna daban-daban: kururuwa, haushi, kara, gurnani. Alamomin kamshi suma hanya ce ta sadarwa. Laem, galibi, yana nuna tsarin ilimin yara dabbobi. Idon Korsakov da jin sa suna da kyau, kuma yayin gudu suna iya isa zuwa gudun kilomita 60 a awa daya. Idan muka yi magana game da yanayi da halayen waɗannan dabbobin, to ba za a iya kiransu masu zafin rai ba, suna da aminci ga danginsu na kusa, suna nuna nutsuwa. Tabbas, akwai rikice-rikice, amma ba safai ake fada ba (suna faruwa a lokacin bikin aure), galibi ana iyakance dabbobi ga haushi da haushi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Korsak yara
Korsaks, idan aka kwatanta shi da sauran dawakai, suna tafiyar da rayuwar gama gari, sau da yawa da yawa daga cikin dawakai da yawa sun zauna tare a cikin wani yanki, inda suke da buzayen buzayen su. Maturewararrun masu lalata da jima'i sun kusa kusan watanni goma da haihuwa. Wadannan dabbobin ana iya kiransu mata daya, sun kirkiro kawancen dangi masu karfi wadanda suka wanzu a tsawon rayuwa, rugujewar irin wannan dangin na iya zama mutuwar daya daga cikin matan kuruciya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A lokuta masu wahala na hunturu, corsacs suna farauta a cikin rukuni-rukuni, waɗanda aka kirkira daga ma'aurata da zuriyarsu da suka girma, don haka ya fi sauƙi a gare su su rayu.
Lokacin saduwa don Korsaks yana farawa ne a watan Janairu ko Fabrairu, wani lokacin a farkon Maris. A lokacin rututu, maza sukan yi kuka a lokacin da yamma ta yi, don neman abokin aure. Yawancin mata masu neman wulakanci sukan yi iƙirarin mace ɗaya lokaci ɗaya, don haka faɗa da rikice-rikice suke faruwa a tsakaninsu. Corsacs ya haɗu a ƙarƙashin ƙasa, a cikin burukan su. Lokacin haihuwa yana daga kwana 52 zuwa 60.
Ma'aurata na Korsakov sun haihu a cikin Maris ko Afrilu. Broaya daga cikin yara na iya ƙidaya daga ɗiya biyu zuwa goma sha shida, amma, a matsakaita, akwai daga uku zuwa shida. Jarirai suna haihuwar makafi kuma an rufe su da haske mai laushi. Tsawan jikin foxon ya kai cm 14, kuma nauyinsa bai wuce gram 60 ba. Kubiyowa suna da ikon gani kusa da kwanaki 16 da haihuwa, kuma idan sun cika wata ɗaya, sun riga sun ci abinci a kan nama. Duk iyayen da ke kulawa suna kula da yara, kodayake mahaifin yana zaune a cikin wani ramin burrow daban.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin ramuka inda corsacs ke rayuwa, cutuka daban-daban suna cutar da su sosai, sabili da haka, yayin lokacin girma na ɗiyan, uwa tana canza wurin tura su sau biyu ko uku, kowane lokaci suna motsawa tare da zuriyar zuwa wani rami.
Kusa da shekaru wata biyar, dabbobin dabbobi sun zama daidai da dangin su manya kuma sun fara zama a cikin wasu kaburburan. Amma, tare da kusancin lokacin hunturu, duk samari matasa sun sake haɗuwa, wanda ya sauƙaƙa lokacin hutun hunturu a kogo ɗaya. Ba a san takamaiman lokacin da aka auna ta ta hanyar dabbobin daji ba, amma masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun yi imanin cewa ya yi daidai da tsawon rayuwar dawakai na yau da kullun kuma ya bambanta daga shekaru uku zuwa shida, amma an tabbatar da cewa a cikin garkuwar corsac na iya rayuwa tsawon shekaru goma sha biyu.
Abokan gaba na corsac
Hotuna: Little Korsak
Korsak karami ne, don haka yana da isassun makiya a cikin yanayin yanayi na daji. Mafi tsananin damuwar marasa lafiya da fata-fata ga dawakan tarko shine kerkeci da jan foda na yau da kullun. Wolves koyaushe suna farautar corsacs. Kodayake dawakai na steppe na iya gudu da sauri, amma ba sa iya yin wannan na tsawon lokaci, don haka kerkeci ya kora su gajiya, yana tilasta su yin fitar da iska gaba daya, sannan kuma ta kai hari. A cikin kusancin kerkeci, akwai wasu fa'idodi ga Korsaks. Masu farautar Fox sau da yawa suna cin ragowar ganimar su, waɗanda galibi manyan barewa ne da saigas.
Ya fi zama daidai a kira jan yaudara ba abokin gaba ba, amma babban mai gasa abinci na corsacs, saboda suna cin abinci iri daya, dukkanin kudarorin biyu suna tsunduma cikin bin sawun matsakaitan ganima. Foxes kuma suna gasa don mallakar ɗayan ko kuma ɗayan zaɓaɓɓen kogo. A lokacin yunwa, dawakai na yau da kullun na iya kai farmaki kan ƙananan yara corsac, suna fasa kogon inda suke zaune, yawanci, jan farautar yana kashe dukan tsaran lokaci ɗaya.
Dangane da rabon abinci, wasu tsuntsayen masu farauta suma suna gasa da corsacs, daga cikinsu akwai:
- ungulu;
- jigila;
- saker falcons;
- mikiya.
Hakanan maƙiyan garken tumbi na iya haɗawa da mutumin da ke cutar da dabbobi kai tsaye da kuma kai tsaye. Mutane suna kashe Korsaks saboda kyawawan gashinsu na gashi; a sikeli da yawa, an harbe dawakai masu jan hankali a yankin ƙasarmu a ƙarni na ƙarshe da na ƙarshe.
Mutum ne ke jagorantar Korsakov zuwa ga mutuwa kuma a kaikaice, ta hanyar yawan ayyukanta na tattalin arziki, lokacin da yake tsoma baki tare da halittun halittu na asali inda dabbar nan ta saba zama, ta haka ne suke raba kuran dabbar daji daga wuraren da ta saba. Wataƙila a banza, amma Korsaks ba sa jin tsoron mutane da yawa kuma suna iya ƙyale mutum ya kusancesu a tazarar kusan mita 10. Korsak yana da wata hanyar tsaro mai ban sha'awa: yana iya yin kamar ya mutu, kuma a lokacin da ya dace zai iya tsalle ya gudu da saurin walƙiya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Yaya Korsak yayi kama?
Yawan corsacs ya wahala ƙwarai saboda farautar da ba a sarrafawa don bin fata mai tamani. Sai kawai a cikin ƙarni kafin ƙarshe, daga fata 40 zuwa 50,000 na wannan dabba aka fitar dashi daga yankin ƙasarmu. A karni na ashirin, daga 1923 zuwa 1924, mafarauta sun sayi fata sama da 135,000.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai shaidar cewa an fitar da fata sama da miliyan daga Mongolia daga 1932 zuwa 1972 zuwa USSR.
Bai kamata ya zama abin mamaki ba cewa a yanzu corsac ya zama mai saurin farauta, wanda ke ƙarƙashin kariya ta musamman a yankuna da yawa.Baya ga farauta, raguwar yawan mutanen da ake kira fope stex ya shafi ayyukan tattalin arziki na mutane: gina birane, gargadin kasa, yalwar kiwo na dabbobi ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa an kori Korsaks daga wuraren da suka saba zama. Hakanan ayyukan ɗan adam ya rinjayi gaskiyar cewa yawan marmoti ya ragu ƙwarai, kuma wannan ya haifar da mutuwar da yawa daga cikin ƙwarƙwara, saboda sukan shagaltar da burukansu don gidaje, kuma suna ciyar da marmot.
Yanzu, ba shakka, fatun dawakai na steppe ba su da daraja kamar ta zamanin da, kuma gabatar da matakai na musamman da takurawa kan farauta ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa a yammacin ƙasarmu, jama'a suna farawa sosai a hankali, amma don murmurewa, amma wani dalili ya bayyana - steppes sun fara yin ƙaruwa dogon ciyawa, wanda ke rikitar da rayuwar dabbobi (haka lamarin yake a Kalmykia).
Kar ka manta cewa a wasu yankuna adadi mai yawa na dawakai da ake kira steppe suna mutuwa saboda gaskiyar cewa ba za su iya rayuwa cikin tsananin damuna ba, lokacin da dusar ƙanƙara mai yawa ba ta barin dabbobi yin farauta. Don haka, a wurare da yawa, ana ɗaukar corsac a matsayin mai raɗaɗi, ba za a iya kiran yawanta da yawa ba, don haka dabbar tana buƙatar wasu matakan kariya.
Mai tsaron Korsak
Hotuna: Korsak daga littafin Red
Kamar yadda ya juya, yawan corsacs ya ragu sosai saboda tasirin mutane daban-daban, don haka dabbar na bukatar kariya daga kungiyoyin kare muhalli. Korsak yana cikin Lissafi na Duniya. A kan yankin ƙasarmu, yana cikin keɓaɓɓun Littattafan Bayanai na Red. A cikin Ukraine, ana daukar corsac a matsayin nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsin da ke fuskantar barazanar bacewa, saboda haka an sanya shi a cikin Littafin Ja na wannan jihar.
A Kazakhstan da Rasha, ana ɗaukar wannan dabba ta dabba mai fata, amma an ɗauki matakan farauta na musamman, waɗanda ke ba da damar samar da corsac a tsakanin watan Nuwamba zuwa Maris. An haramta ayyukan farauta kamar shan sigari, haƙa ramuka na dawakai, dabbobi masu guba, ambaliyar da mafakarsu ta ɓoye. Dokar ƙasa ce ta musamman ke aiwatar da ita da kuma kula da farauta.
Korsak an jera shi a cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red data na Buryatia, Bashkiria, inda yake da matsayin wani nau'in, wanda yawansa ke raguwa koyaushe. A yankin ƙasarmu, ana kiyaye maƙarƙashiyar a cikin ajiyar yankuna na Rostov da Orenburg, da kuma ajiyar da ake kira "Landasashe Baƙi", wanda yake a cikin yankin Kalmykia. Ya rage a sa rai cewa matakan kariya za su ba da sakamako mai kyau, kuma yawan Korsakov zai kalla ya daidaita. Masana ilmin namun daji sun yi farin ciki da gaskiyar cewa corsac na iya hayayyafa a cikin ɗakunan dabbobi da yawa a duniya.
A ƙarshe, ya rage don ƙara hakan corsac baƙon abu saboda kankantar sa da wasu lamuran rayuwa, wanda ya banbanta shi da talakawa, yana nuna asali da asalin wannan ƙaramin mai farautar. Cin lambun adadi mai yawa, Foxes masu tallafi suna kawo fa'idodi marasa tabbas ga masu kafa biyu, saboda haka ya kamata mutane suyi taka tsantsan da kulawa da ƙanana kuma, wani lokacin ba su da kariya, maƙaryata.
Ranar bugawa: 08.08.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 28.09.2019 a 23:04
