Baƙar ƙafa cat

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Baƙar ƙafa cat Shine ɗayan mafi ƙarancin kyanwa a duniya kuma mafi ƙanƙanta a Afirka. An sawa kyanwa mai ƙafafun kafa bayan bakakken gammarenta da baƙin gindi. Duk da girman ta, ana ganin wannan kato mafi mutuƙar a duniya. Sun cimma nasarar kisa mafi girma, tare da nasarar shawo kan manufa 60% na lokacin. Sauran kuliyoyin mara jiji, irin su zakuna da damisa, da wuya su sami nasara fiye da 20% na lokacin.

Asalin jinsin da bayanin

Hoto: catunƙwasa mai ƙafa

Ana samun kuliyoyin kafafu masu ƙafa a ƙasashe uku na kudancin Afirka:

  • Botswana;
  • Namibia;
  • Afirka ta Kudu.

Waɗannan kuliyoyin ana samun su galibi a filayen gajere zuwa matsakaita, jeji masu yashi da filayen yashi, gami da hamadar Kalahari da Karoo. Yankunan ciyawa tare da ɗimbin yawa na beraye da tsuntsaye suna ba da kyakkyawan mazauni. Sun bayyana cewa suna guje wa dazuzzuka da wuraren duwatsu, mai yiwuwa saboda bayyanar wasu masu farautar. Matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara-shekara a yankin shine 100-500 mm.

Bidiyo: Baki mai ƙafa mai ƙafa

Baƙar fata mai ƙafar ƙafa ba ta da yawa idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙananan kuliyoyi a Afirka ta Kudu. Sanin halayyar wannan kyanwar da yanayin halittarta ya dogara ne da shekaru da aka kwashe ana bincike a tsibirin Benfontein da manyan gonaki biyu a tsakiyar Afirka ta Kudu. Masu bincike a Workingungiyar Aikin Blackfoot na ci gaba da nazarin kuliyoyi a waɗannan yankuna uku.

Cats masu ƙafafun kafa suna raba zangonsu tare da wasu masu lalata - can cincikin Afirka, ƙulle-ƙulle, ƙulle-ƙullen kunnuwa masu dogon kunnuwa da jakuna masu baƙar fata. Suna farauta a matsakaita ƙananan ganima fiye da kuliyoyin Afirka na dabbobin daji, kodayake dukansu sun kama kusan lamba ɗaya (12-13) nau'ikan ganima da dare. Kuliyoyi suna rayuwa tare da diloli (masu farautar cat) ta amfani da burrows da rana. Suna raba sararin samaniya tare da karnukan farfajiyar, amma ba sa amfani da mahalli iri ɗaya, lokutan aiki, kuma ba sa farauta iri ɗaya.

Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali

Hotuna: Yaya kyanwa mai ƙafafun kafa yake?

An asalin yankin Afirka ta kudu ne, kyanwa mai kalar ƙafa tana da fuska zagaye mai ban mamaki da kuma jiki mai launin ruwan kasa mai launin toka mai ƙanƙane koda kuwa idan aka kwatanta shi da kuliyoyin gida.

Fushin kyanwar ƙafa mai kalar-ƙwal mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya kuma an sanya shi da launuka masu launin baƙi da launin ruwan kasa waɗanda suka haɗu zuwa ratsi mai faɗi a wuya, ƙafafu da jela. Wutsiyar ta ɗan gajarta, ƙasa da kashi 40% na tsawon kai kuma an yi mata alama da baƙin baki. Kan kyanwa mai ƙafafun ƙafafu daidai yake da na kuliyoyin gida, mai manyan kunnuwa da idanu. Gemuwa da makogwaro farare ne da ratsiyoyi masu duhu a maƙogwaron da wutsiyar baƙin baƙi. An fadada kumburin sauraro tare da tsawon tsawon kusan 25% na tsawon kwanyar. Maza sun fi mata nauyi.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bambanci tsakanin kuliyoyi masu ƙafafun kafa da sauran kuliyoyin shine cewa su matalauta ne masu hawa hawa kuma basu da sha'awar reshen bishiyoyi. Dalili kuwa shi ne, jikinsu da gajerun jela suna wahalar hawa bishiyoyi.

Wadannan kuliyoyin suna samun duk danshin da suke bukata daga abin da suke farauta, amma kuma suna shan ruwa idan ya samu. An san kuliyoyi masu ƙafafun kafa da jaruntaka da ƙarfin zuciya. Idanun kyanwar-ƙafa baƙaƙen ido ya ninka na ɗan adam sau shida, waɗanda manyan idanu ke taimaka musu. Hakanan an sanye su da kyakkyawar hangen nesa na dare da rashin ji, mai iya ɗaukar ko da ƙaramin ƙaramin sauti.

Tsuntsayen daji ba su wuce 36 zuwa 52 cm ba, tsawonsu yakai 20 cm kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 1 zuwa 3, a cewar Kungiyar Cats International. Gaskiya ne, waɗannan ma'aunai ba su da ban sha'awa sosai idan aka kwatanta da manyan kuliyoyi, waɗanda sune wasu manyan mahara masu saurin cin duniya. Amma duk da kankantarta, kyanwar-kafar mai farautar baki tana farauta kuma tana kashe ganima a dare daya fiye da damisa a cikin watanni shida.

A ina kyanwa mai kafa-kafa?

Hoto: Kyanwa mai ƙafafun Afirka

Baƙon ƙatuwar ƙafa tana da kusanci a kudancin Afirka kuma ana samun ta musamman a Afirka ta Kudu da Namibia, inda ba ta da irinta. Amma ana samun shi a Botswana, a cikin ƙananan kuɗi a Zimbabwe kuma mai yuwuwa ba a sakaci a kudancin Angola. Bayanan da ke arewacin sun kai kimanin digiri 19 a kudu a Namibia da Botswana. Sabili da haka, yana da iyakance keɓaɓɓun nau'ikan da mafi ƙarancin rarrabawa tsakanin kuliyoyi a Afirka.

Bakar-ƙataccen ƙwararren masani ne a wuraren kiwo da matsuguni, wanda ya haɗa da savannah a buɗe tare da ƙananan ƙananan beraye da tsuntsayen da ke zaune a cikin ƙasa da isasshen wurin ɓuya don farauta. Ya fi zama a yankuna masu bushewa kuma ya fi son buɗewa, wuraren da ba su da tsire-tsire masu yawa kamar buɗe savannas, ciyayi, yankunan Karoo da Kalahari tare da ƙananan bishiyoyi da murfin bishiyoyi da matsakaicin ruwan sama na shekara 100 zuwa 500 mm. Suna zaune a tsaunuka daga 0 zuwa 2000 m.

Cats masu ƙafafun kafa baƙi ne mazaunan ƙauyukan kudancin Afirka kuma yawanci ana alakantasu da wuraren buɗe ciyawar yashi. Kodayake ba a yi nazari sosai a cikin daji ba, amma mafi kyawun mazaunin yana kasancewa a cikin yankunan savannah tare da ciyawa mai tsayi da ɗimbin yawa na beraye da tsuntsaye. Da rana, suna zaune ne a cikin ramuka da aka haƙa ko kuma a cikin ramuka a cikin tuddai.

A shekarar, maza za su yi tafiyar kilomita 14, yayin da mata za su yi tafiyar kilomita 7. Yankin maza ya ƙunshi yankunan mata ɗaya zuwa huɗu. Waɗannan mazaunan hamada suna da wahalar ci gaba da zama a cikin zaman talauci a waje da asalin ƙasar su. Suna da takamaiman bukatun mazauninsu kuma dole ne su zauna cikin yanayin bushe. A gidan shakatawa na Wuppertal da ke Jamus, duk da haka, an sami ci gaba sosai kuma yawancin jama'a suna cikin fursuna.

Yanzu kun san inda kyanwa mai kafa-ƙafa take zaune. Bari muga me zata ci.

Menene kyanwa mai ƙafar ƙafa take ci?

Hotuna: Dabbar daji mai ƙafafun baki

Bakar-ƙataccen ƙaton yana da abinci mai fadi, kuma an gano nau'ikan ganima daban-daban sama da 50. Tana yin farauta galibi, ƙananan tsuntsaye (kimanin 100 g) da invertebrates. Dabbar tana ciyarwa akasari kan kananan dabbobi masu shayarwa kamar beraye da kwayoyin cuta. Abincin ganima yawanci baikai nauyin 30-40 ba, kuma yana kama kusan 10-14 ƙananan beraye a dare.

Wasu lokuta kuma kyanwa mai ƙafar ƙafa ma tana ciyarwa akan dabbobi masu rarrafe da manyan dabbobi masu kama da mutane kamar su bustards (kamar su bakar fata) da kurege. Lokacin da suke farautar waɗannan manyan jinsunan, sukan ɓoye wasu abincinsu, misali, a cikin ramuka don cin amfaninsu daga baya. Kyanwar da take da kafar baki kuma tana farautar fitattun kwari, tana kama manyan kwari masu fuka-fukai irin su ciyawar fure, kuma an lura da ita don ciyar da qwai na bustards da larks. Hakanan an san kuliyoyin kafafu masu ƙafa da masu shara.

Ofaya daga cikin sauye-sauye zuwa yanayin bushe yana bawa kyanwa mai ƙafar ƙafa damar samun duk danshi da take buƙata daga abinci. Dangane da gasar tsaka-tsakin tsaka-tsakin, kyanwar-ƙafa mai ƙafa tana kamawa, a matsakaita, mafi ƙarancin ganima fiye da namun daji na Afirka.

Cats masu ƙafafun kafa suna amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban guda uku don kama abincinsu:

  • hanyar farko ana kiranta da "farauta mai sauri", wanda kuliyoyi da sauri kuma "kusan bazata" suka yi tsalle bisa kan ciyawa mai tsayi, suna kama smallan ganima, kamar tsuntsaye ko entsirai;
  • na biyu daga cikin hanyoyin su yana jagorantar su ne a hankali a hankali ta hanyar mazaunin su, lokacin da kuliyoyin ke jira a hankali kuma a hankali su tsallake kan dabbobin da za su yi farauta;
  • a ƙarshe, suna amfani da hanyar "zama da jira" kusa da kabarin beraye, wata dabara da ake kira farauta.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin dare ɗaya, kyanwa mai ƙafafun ƙafa tana kashe beraye 10 zuwa 14 ko ƙananan tsuntsaye, a ƙalla kowane minti 50. Tare da nasarar nasara na 60%, kuliyoyin ƙafafun baƙar fata sun ninka kusan ninki uku kamar na zakuna, wanda a matsakaici yana haifar da nasarar nasara cikin kusan 20-25% na lokacin.

Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa

Hotuna: catunƙwasa mai ƙafa mai fata daga Afirka

Cats masu ƙafafun kafa sune mazaunan duniya. Su dabbobi ne masu daddare da kadaici, banda mata masu 'ya' yan su, haka kuma a lokacin saduwa. Suna aiki mafi yawan dare kuma suna tafiya kusan kilomita 8.4 don neman abinci. Da rana, ba safai ake ganinsu ba yayin da suke kwance a kan duwatsu masu duwatsu ko kuma kusa da burbushin hares na bazara, gophers ko porcupines.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A wasu yankuna, kuliyoyin ƙwallon ƙafa suna amfani da tudaddun matattun duwatsu - wani yanki na tururuwa wanda ya ba dabbobin sunan "Tigers na tururuwa."

Girman gida ya banbanta tsakanin yankuna dangane da albarkatun da suke da shi kuma suna da girma ƙanana ƙarami mai ƙimar girman 8.6-10 km² ga mata da 16.1-21.3 km² ga maza. Gidajen maza suna haɗuwa da mata 1-4, kuma dangin maza da mata suna faruwa a iyakokin waje tsakanin mazaunan mazaunin (3%), amma a kan kusan 40% tsakanin mata. Maza da mata suna fesa ƙamshin kuma saboda haka suna barin alamun su, musamman a lokacin saduwa.

Kyanwa mai ƙafafun ƙafa tana bin abin farautarta a ƙasa ko kuma tana jira a ƙofar wani burago mai kama da jiji Tana iya kama tsuntsayen sama lokacin da suke tashi, tunda babban tsalle ne. Kyanwar-ƙafa mai ƙafafun kafa tana amfani da duk wuraren ɓoye da suka dace. An yi imanin cewa sanya alamar ƙamshi ta hanyar fesa fitsari a kan dunkulen ciyawa da shuke-shuke yana da muhimmiyar rawa a cikin haifuwa da zamantakewar jama'a. Cats masu ƙafafun kafa ba su da sadarwa sosai. Za su gudu kuma su ɓoye a wata yar alamar cewa wani ko wani abu dole ne ya kasance kusa.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sautin baƙar ƙafa mai ƙafafun ƙafa ya fi sauran kuliyoyin girman su girma, mai yiwuwa don su iya yin kira a nesa mai ɗan nisa. Koyaya, idan suna kusa da juna, suna amfani da tsafta mafi tsafta ko gurgles. Idan suka ji barazanar, za su yi ihu kuma har ma su yi ihu.

Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa

Hotuna: catunƙwasa mai ƙafafun kafa daga littafin Ja

Ba a fahimci lokacin kiwo na kuliyoyin ƙafafun baƙar fata ba. Kuliyoyin daji suna yin aboki daga ƙarshen Yuli zuwa Maris, suna barin watanni 4 kawai ba tare da jima'i ba. Babban lokacin saduwa yana farawa ne a ƙarshen hunturu, a watannin Yuli da Agusta (7 cikin 11 (64%) mating), tare da sakamakon cewa ana haihuwar litter a watan Satumba / Oktoba. Oneaya ko fiye maza suna bin mace, wanda ke iya saukin ɗaukar kwana 2.2 kawai kuma zai iya kwafa har sau 10. Juyin juyayi yana ɗaukar kwanaki 11-12, kuma lokacin gest shine kwanaki 63-68.

Mata yawanci suna haihuwar kittens 2, amma wani lokaci ana iya haihuwar kittens uku ko kuma 1 ne kawai.Wannan ba kasafai yake faruwa ba, amma hakan ya faru da cewa akwai kyanwa hudu a cikin wani shara. Kyanwa tana da nauyin gram 50 zuwa 80 lokacin haihuwa. Kittens makafi ne kuma sun dogara ga iyayensu mata. Kittens an haife su kuma sun girma a cikin kabari. Iyaye mata galibi za su ƙaura da jarirai zuwa sababbin wurare bayan sun kai kimanin mako guda.

Kurubawa suna buɗe idanunsu a kwanaki 6-8, suna cin abinci mai ƙarfi a makonni 4-5, kuma suna kashe ganima mai rai a makonni 6. An yaye su daga nono a mako 9. Kyanwa mai ƙafar ƙafa tana haɓaka da sauri fiye da kyanwa na cikin gida. Dole ne suyi hakan domin yanayin da suke rayuwa na iya zama mai haɗari. Bayan watanni 5, yaran sun zama masu zaman kansu, amma suna kasancewa a cikin uwa har na tsawon lokaci. Shekarun balaga ga mata na faruwa ne a watanni 7, kuma kwayar cutar maniyyi a cikin maza na faruwa ne a watanni 9. Tsaran rayuwa na kuliyoyin kafafu masu baƙar fata a cikin daji ya kai shekaru 8, kuma a cikin fursuna - har zuwa shekaru 16.

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An gano manyan sinadarin halitta na jini a jinin kyanwa mai ƙafafun ƙafafu. Hakanan ya bayyana yana buƙatar kuzari fiye da sauran kuliyoyin kuliyoyin Afirka.

Abokan gaba na kuliyoyin ƙafafun baƙar fata

Hotuna: Dabbar daji mai ƙafafun baki

Babban barazanar da ake yi wa kuliyoyin kafafu masu launin baki ita ce lalacewar muhalli da hanyoyin kula da kwaro ba tare da nuna bambanci ba kamar amfani da dafin. Manoma a Afirka ta Kudu da Namibia suna ɗaukar irin wannan kifin daji na Afirka a matsayin mai farautar ƙananan dabbobi kuma suna kafa tarko da ƙyamar guba don kawar da su. Hakanan yana yi wa kyanwar-ƙwarya barazana, wanda ba zato ba tsammani ya mutu a cikin irin waɗannan tarkuna da ayyukan farauta.

Guba gawar yayin sarrafa mashin na iya zama barazana a gare shi, yayin da kyanwar ƙatacciyar kafar mai ɗauke da duk abin da ke dasa ta. Bugu da kari, akwai karuwar sha'awa ga kuliyoyin kafa-kafa a masana'antar farautar ganima, kamar yadda aka nuna ta aikace-aikacen izini da bincike ga masu karbar haraji.

Wata barazanar makamancin haka ita ce guba da fara, waɗanda sune abincin da aka fi so da waɗannan kuliyoyin. Suna da 'yan magabta na halitta a cikin yankunan noma, don haka kuliyoyi masu kafafuwa baƙi sun iya zama gama gari fiye da yadda ake tsammani. An yi imanin cewa asarar mahimman albarkatu kamar rukunin ganima da ramuka saboda tasirin anthropogenic na iya zama babbar barazanar ta dogon lokaci ga baƙon ƙatuwar ƙafa. Yawanci raguwar mutane saboda farautar namun daji yana barazanar wannan nau'in.

A cikin dukkanin nau'ikan nau'ikan, noma da kiwo sun mamaye, wanda ke haifar da lalacewar mazaunin, kuma zai iya haifar da raguwa a cikin ganimar ganyayyaki don ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin kuliyoyin ƙafafun baƙar fata. Haka kuma kyanwar-ƙafar mai ƙafafun ta mutu a haɗuwa da ababen hawa kuma tana fuskantar farauta daga macizai, diloli, caracals da mujiya, gami da mutuwar dabbobin gida. Competitionara yawan gasar tsaka-tsakin yanayi da farauta na iya yin barazanar nau'in. Hakanan kuliyoyin gida na iya yin barazana ga kuliyoyin kafafu masu baƙar fata ta hanyar yaduwar cuta.

Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin

Hotuna: Yaya kyanwa mai ƙafafun kafa yake?

Baƙon ƙafa masu ƙafafun kafa sune manyan mahautan tsuntsaye da ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa a cikin mazaunin su, don haka ke sarrafa yawan su. An kyankyashe kyanwar-ƙafa mai ƙafa a cikin Littafin Baƙataccen Bayanai a matsayin jinsin masu rauni, ba shi da yawa sosai idan aka kwatanta da sauran ƙananan jinsunan kuliyoyin da ke zaune a kudancin Afirka. Ana iya samun waɗannan kuliyoyin a cikin ƙananan ɗimbin yawa.

Rarraba su ana ɗaukar su iyakantattu kuma masu jituwa. Tattara bayanai a cikin shekaru biyar da suka gabata, gami da amfani da fastoci, ya nuna cewa yawan kyanwa masu ƙafafun kafa sun kai matuka a cikin bel na rarraba arewa da kudu ta tsakiyar Afirka ta Kudu. Rikodin rikodin wannan ƙungiyar kaɗan ne a gabas da yamma.

A cikin wani dogon nazari da aka yi game da kilomita 60 na radar kuliyoyin baƙar fata a Benfontein, Arewacin Cape, Afirka ta Kudu, an kiyasta nauyin ƙatattun ƙafafun baƙar fata a kan dabbobi 0.17 / km² a 1998-1999 amma 0.08 kawai / km² a cikin 2005-2015 A Tuntun Newyars, an kiyasta nauyin yakai kimanin ƙwatattun ƙafa miliyan 0.06 / km².

Koyaya, yawan kuliyoyin ƙafa masu ƙafafu sun kai 13,867, daga cikinsu an kiyasta 9,707 manya ne. Babu wani karamin rukuni da aka yi imanin cewa yana ɗauke da manya sama da 1000 saboda rabe-raben jinsin.

Tsare kuliyoyin ƙafa masu ƙafa

Hotuna: catunƙwasa mai ƙafafun kafa daga littafin Ja

Katon mai ƙafafun mai baƙar fata yana cikin CITES Shafi na I kuma ana kiyaye shi akan yawancin kewayawan rarraba shi. An haramta farauta a Botswana da Afirka ta Kudu. Bakar-ƙafa mai ƙafa ɗaya ce ɗayan ƙaramin bincike. Shekaru da yawa (tun daga 1992) ana lura da dabbobi masu raɗaɗi kusa da Kimberley a Afirka ta Kudu, saboda haka an san abubuwa da yawa game da yanayin ɗabi'ar su da halayen su. An kafa yanki na biyu na bincike kusa da De Aar, kilomita 300 kudu, tun shekara ta 2009. Tunda baƙar ƙatuwar ƙafa tana da wahalar kiyayewa, har yanzu akwai ƙaramin bayani game da rarrabawa da matsayin kiyayewa.

Matakan kiyayewa sun ba da shawarar karin bayanai game da rarraba nau'ikan halittu, barazana da yanayinsu, da kuma karin nazarin yanayin muhalli a wasu wuraren zama. Akwai buƙatar gaggawa game da tsare-tsaren kiyayewa don ƙatuwar ƙatuwar ƙafa, wacce ke buƙatar ƙarin bayanan nau'in.

Workingungiyar Aikin Blackfoot na neman kiyaye nau'ikan ta hanyar binciken ɗimbin ilimin ta hanyar nau'ikan kafofin watsa labarai kamar yin fim ɗin bidiyo, telalin rediyo, da tattarawa da nazarin samfuran halittu. Matakan kiyayewa sun ba da shawarar karami karami game da rarraba yawan jama'a, musamman a Namibia da Botswana.

Baƙar ƙafa cat jinsinsu daya ne a cikin dangi mai matukar banbanci, yawancinsu suna da wahalar kiyayewa a cikin daji kuma basu bayyana mana gaba daya ba. Yayinda yawancin kuliyoyi ke fuskantar mummunar barazanar asarar muhalli da lalacewa sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam, kokarin kare kariya na iya kiyaye yawancin halittu masu rauni.

Ranar bugawa: 08/06/2019

Ranar da aka sabunta: 28.09.2019 a 22:20

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