Oatmeal - Wannan karamin tsuntsu ne daga dangin mai wucewa, wanda yayi fice a tsakanin sauran tsuntsaye mai dauke da ruwan nono da kai mai haske mai haske. Shahararren masanin kimiyyar Sweden din nan Karl Linnaeus ne ya fara bayyana shi da cancantarsa a tsakiyar karni na 18.
Daga cikin masu lura da tsuntsaye, ana sanin farauta a ƙarƙashin sunan Latin "citrinella", wanda ke nufin "lemun tsami" a cikin Rasha. Kamar yadda zaku iya tsammani, irin wannan sunan wanda ba a saba gani ba ya tashi saboda launin rawaya na tsuntsu.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Oatmeal
Duk da cewa tsuntsun ya samu rabe-raben kimiyya ne a shekarar 1758, an sanshi tun zamanin da. An samo burbushin halittar tsuntsu da qwai oatmeal a cikin Jamus kuma ya samo asali ne tun daga karni na 5 BC.
Iyalin passerines, wanda ya haɗa da farauta, ana ɗaukarsu ɗayan mafi girma a cikin duniya mai fuka-fukai. Duk da haka, tsuntsun yana da halaye irin nasu wanda ya banbanta su da sauran gwara.
Bidiyo: Oatmeal
Fasali na oatmeal kamar haka:
- girman tsuntsun yana tsakanin santimita 15-18;
- nauyin tsuntsu a mazaunin sa bai wuce gram 30 ba;
- maza da mata suna da launi daban-daban;
- akwai adadi mai yawa na gashin rawaya (wani lokacin na zinare) akan nono, cinya da kuma saman shugaban oatmeal;
- kirjin tsuntsu na iya bambanta;
- Yin farauta yana da doguwar jela (har zuwa santimita 5), wanda ba shi da mahimmanci ga yawancin masu wucewa.
Tsuntsayen yana narkar da sau biyu a shekara. Mataki na farko na narkewar narkewa yana faruwa a cikin bazara. An rufe maza da gashin tsuntsaye masu haske, waɗanda suke da muhimmanci don jan hankalin mata. Mafi tsananin haske ga namijin farauta, ya fi sauƙi a gare shi ya jawo mace zuwa gare shi.
A cikin kaka (kimanin Satumba-Oktoba), launi mai haske ya ɓace kuma labulen ya zama duhu rawaya, kusan launin ruwan kasa. A lokacin hunturu, kusan ba zai yiwu a rarrabe tsakanin mace da namiji ba, tunda suna da launi iri daya.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya oatmeal yayi kama
Bayyanar da girman buntings sun dogara ne da rararrun tsuntsayen. A yau masana kimiyya sun rarrabe manyan nau'ikan oatmeal 6:
Reed. Wani fasali na wannan nau'in tsuntsayen shine cewa suna zama tare da yin gida gida a bakin koguna da tabkuna, wadanda bankunan sun cika da reeds ko reeds. A gaskiya, daga nan ne sunan nau'in tsuntsaye ya fito. Mafi yawan lokuta, raƙuman sandar tsutsa suna zaune ne a kudancin Turai (Spain, Italia, Portugal) da kuma cikin ƙasashen Afirka kamar Algeria, Morocco da Tunisia. Kuma idan tsuntsayen da ke gida a Turai suka tashi zuwa Afirka don hunturu, to mazauna Afirka suna rayuwarsu gaba ɗaya a wuri ɗaya, ba tare da wahalar da kansu da doguwar tafiya ba.
Iyakacin duniya Wannan nau'in oatmeal yana zaune a yankuna tare da yanayin sanyi. An hango farautar polar a tsakiyar Siberia da Mongolia. Wannan nau'in tsuntsaye ana rarrabe shi da ƙaramin girmansa (har zuwa santimita 12) da rashin dacewar abinci. Don hunturu, bunting na iyakacin duniya ya tashi zuwa yankunan kudancin China kuma ya koma wuraren da yake gidajensu ne kawai a ƙarshen Afrilu ko farkon Mayu.
Gero. Ofayan ɗayan mafi yawan ragin oatmeal. Nauyin tsuntsu ya kai santimita 50, kuma girman zai iya wuce gram 20. Wasu masana kimiyya suna daukar gero a matsayin jinsin tsuntsaye daban, amma yawancin masu lura da tsuntsaye na ci gaba da sanya gero a matsayin nau'in farauta. Wani muhimmin fasalin tsuntsaye shine cewa, namiji da mace na gero ba sa banbanta da launi. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna zaune ne a Krasnodar Territory na Rasha da Rostov Region, da kuma arewacin nahiyar Afirka.
Yellow-browed. Nau'in nau'ikan binging ne da ke sheke aya a cikin dazuzzuka na Siberia. An bambanta shi da girman girmansa (nauyinsa har zuwa gram 18) da kuma kan baki, wanda girare masu launin rawaya suka fito akansa. A lokacin sanyi, farautar rawaya mai launin rawaya zuwa Indiya ko tsibirin Sina masu dumi.
Remez. Ofaya daga cikin nau'ikan hatsi mafi yawan hatsi. Babban wurin tsuntsayen shine gandun daji na Scandinavia da yankin Turai na Rasha, kuma a lokacin hunturu yana tashi zuwa Asiya ta Kudu. Wasu tsuntsayen wannan nau'in suna gudanar da tafiyar kusan kilomita dubu 5 a cikin wata daya! Launin tsuntsu kuma baƙon abu bane. Remez oatmeal yana da baƙar fata kai da ƙyalli mai ƙyalli fari, wanda ya bambanta da launi da sauran layukan.
Oatmeal gama gari. Yana zaune a duk faɗin yankin na Eurasia, ban da yankuna masu tsattsauran ra'ayi da tsaunukan tsaunuka sama da kilomita ɗaya. Abubuwan da aka keɓance na waɗannan ƙananan raƙuman ruwa shine cewa yanayi makiyaya ne. A sauƙaƙe, ko tsuntsaye sun tashi don hunturu ko a'a ya dogara da takamaiman mazauninsu.
Misali, farautar da ke zaune a Rasha suna tashi zuwa hunturu a Spain ko kasashen Afirka, yayin da wadanda ke gida a cikin Kirimiya ko Sochi ba sa tashi zuwa hunturu kwata-kwata.
Yanzu kun san ainihin yadda oatmeal yake. Bari muga inda wannan tsuntsun yake zaune.
A ina hatsin oatmeal yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Oatmeal a Rasha
Tsuntsaye gama gari ne a duk nahiyoyi (ban da Antarctica), amma yawancinsu suna zaune ne a Turai, Tarayyar Rasha da New Zealand.
Gaskiya mai dadi: Har zuwa shekaru 20 da suka gabata, babu hatsi a cikin New Zealand. An kawo su da gangan, amma babu wanda yayi tunanin tsuntsayen zasu ninka haka da sauri. Yanayin yanayi mai laushi mai ban mamaki na New Zealand, yawan abinci da ruwa da kuma rashin makiya na halitta - duk wannan ya ba da gudummawa ga cewa yawan tsuntsayen yana karuwa matuka, yana kore buddo da finchi.
Hatta mawuyacin yanayi ba cikas ga waɗannan tsuntsayen masu son rai ba. Ya isa a faɗi cewa suna zaune a yankin Kola Peninsula, Denmark da Finland, kuma waɗannan yankuna da ƙasashe sun shahara ga dogon lokacin sanyi da gajeren lokacin bazara.
A cikin recentan shekarun nan, tsuntsaye sun sami kwanciyar hankali sosai a tsaunukan Caucasus da kuma yankin Krasnodar na Rasha. Yawancin ɗakunan yanayi na tsaunukan Caucasus da yanayin dumi na yankin sun dace da buntings. Cikin sauri tsuntsayen suka zauna tare da dukkanin tsaunukan Caucasian har zuwa tudun Iran.
Saurin yaduwar mazaunin tsuntsaye ya sauƙaƙe saboda gaskiyar cewa buntings ba sa jin tsoron mutane kuma suna iya yin gida ko da a kusa da layin dogo da layukan watsa wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi.
Menene oatmeal yake ci?
Hoto: Tsuntsaye Tsuntsaye
Oatmeal ba yajin abinci sosai. Suna ciyar da yawancin tsire-tsire da tsire-tsire iri iri tare da nasara daidai.
Mafi sau da yawa, tsuntsaye sun fi son:
- alkama;
- hatsi;
- sha'ir;
- 'ya'yan plantain;
- koren wake;
- nettles;
- albasa;
- yarrow;
- shuke-shuke.
Domin tattara tsaba da hatsi yadda yakamata, oatmeal yana da ɗan gajere mai ƙarfi amma mai ƙarfi. Don haka, tsuntsayen sun tsinke da kayan karau da sauri kuma suka hadiye tsaba. A cikin 'yan mintoci kaɗan, tsuntsu zai iya jimre wa ɓoyayyen alkama ko ya zaɓi' ya'yan plantain.
Watanni da yawa a shekara, oatmeal yana bukatar abinci mai gina jiki, sannan tsuntsu ya fara farautar kwari. Don kama kwari masu tashi, tsuntsayen ba su da isasshen saurin gudu da rashin nutsuwa, kuma kwarin ƙasa ne kawai ke zuwa abinci. Yin farauta cikin nasara ya kama ciyawar fure, mayflies, caddisflies, matsakaiciya-gizo-gizo, itacen-itace, caterpillars da gaɓoɓin buɗe ido.
Bukatar abinci mai gina jiki saboda gaskiyar cewa ya zama dole don kwan ƙwai da ciyar da kajin. Sabili da haka, tsuntsaye suna fara kamo kwari kimanin wata ɗaya kafin kwanciyarsu. Don haka, suna ba da ƙarfin ƙwarjin ƙwai kuma suna ba da tabbacin ci gaban amfrayo na al'ada.
Bayan samarin tsuntsaye sun tashi daga gida daga gurbi, buƙatar abinci mai gina jiki ta ɓace kuma hatsi ya daina kamuwa da kwari, ya sake canzawa zuwa abincin mai cin ganyayyaki.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Oatmeal akan reshe
Oatmeal ya bunƙasa a gefunan manyan gandun daji, a cikin dazuzzuka, da kuma a cikin gandun daji. Sau da yawa ana iya samun tsuntsu a bakin kogin da ke kwarara, tare da hanyoyi har ma da nesa da layukan wutar lantarki. Oatmeal ya fi kyau a cikin ciyawa mai zurfi ko daji, inda yake da sauƙin ɓoyewa, gida, ko neman abinci.
Oatmeal yana da kwarin gwiwa cikin iska, yana iya yin dogon tashi kuma yana iya hawa zuwa manyan wurare. Amma a kasa, tsuntsun ma bai bata ba. Yana motsawa da sauri a ƙasa, yana iya motsawa cikin sauri don neman abinci kuma yana saurin yayin kama ƙwaro. Oatmeal da sauri yakan saba da mutum kuma kwata-kwata baya ɓacewa a gabansa. Don neman abinci, tsuntsaye na iya tashi cikin lambunan kayan lambu, gidajen rani har ma da biranen, idan buƙatar hakan ta taso.
Tsuntsayen sun fi yawan yini suna neman abinci, sabili da haka galibi ana samun buntuwa a cikin daji ko a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi. Bunting ba tsuntsayen da ke tururuwa ba ne, suna ciyar da yawancin shekara a cikin nau'i biyu, amma suna zaune kusa da juna, wani lokacin suna shirya gida gida 'yan mitoci kaɗan.
Tare da kusantar wannan wurin, sai buntings suka yi ta tururuwa zuwa garken tsuntsaye 40-50 kuma suka tafi ƙasashe masu dumi. Buntings sau da yawa suna shiga cikin finch kuma suna tafiya mai nisa tare da su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Rawanin maza shine farkon wanda ya bar yankin gida, amma kuma sune farkon dawowa. Mata suna tashi sama kawai bayan fewan kwanaki (kuma wani lokacin makonni), kuma har yanzu ba a bayyana abin da wannan gaskiyar ke da alaƙa da ita ba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Yellow farauta
Buntings tsuntsaye ne da ba kasafai suke iya haihuwar 'ya'ya biyu a kowane lokaci ba. Wannan yana sauƙaƙe ta ɗan gajeren lokacin shiryawa na ƙwai da saurin saurin saurin kajin, wanda da sauri ya zama akan reshe.
Maza ne farkon wadanda zasu koma gidajen yanar sadarwar su, kuma galibi wannan yana faruwa ne tun kafin dusar ƙanƙara ta farko ta narke. Bayan yan makonni, matan zasu dawo kuma nau'i-nau'i sun fara siffa. Tsuntsaye ba su da tabbatacciyar dangantaka, kuma, a matsayin mai ƙa'ida, buntings suna yin sabbin nau'i-nau'i a kowace shekara.
Don jan hankalin mata, maza suna amfani da ba kawai launin rawaya mai haske ba, har ma da kyau, raira waƙa mai ƙarfi. Yawancin lokaci, ana haɓaka biyun ne a farkon watan Mayu kuma suna fara gina gida tare. Dogayen ciyawa, shrubs har ma da filaye waɗanda rana ke da ɗumi sosai ana zaɓar su a matsayin wurin sheƙatawa.
Yayin da ake shiryawa da balaga na kajin, buntings suna jagorantar rayuwa mai sirrin gaske kuma yana da matukar wahala a bi su koda amfani da kayan aiki na musamman. Kaji na kyanƙyashe daga ƙwai bayan makonni biyu. Bugu da ƙari, ba tsirara suke ba, amma an rufe su da fluff, wanda ya rikide zuwa fuka-fukai bayan fewan makonni.
Namiji ne kaɗai ke aikin ciyar da iyali, tun da mace tana yin yawancin lokaci a cikin gida. A wannan lokacin ne buntings farauta kwari da kuma kawo su cikin gida. Da farko, namiji yana ciyar da kajin da abincin da aka narkar da shi a cikin goiter, amma bayan 'yan makonni ya kawo dukan abincin.
Cikin wata guda bayan haihuwa, kajin suna tsaye a kan reshe kuma a hankali suna fara samun abinci da kansu. Ba tare da jiran kajin daga karshe su tashi daga cikin gida ba, namiji da mace za su fara sabbin wasannin mating kuma su shirya wa zuriya ta biyu.
Abokan gaba na buntings
Photo: Yaya oatmeal yayi kama
Tsuntsun yana da makiya na halitta da yawa. Musamman ma, masu farauta irin su shaho, kites, gyrfalcons da mujiya suna farautar farauta. Saboda gaskiyar cewa farautar ba ta da saurin tashin hankali a cikin iska, ya zama sauƙin ganima ga mafarautan jirgin sama. Ana ajiye oatmeal ne kawai ta hanyar taka tsantsan, da ikon ɓoyewa a cikin daji da ciyawa mai tsayi, da kuma gaskiyar cewa tsuntsu ba ya tashi sama da tsayi.
A ƙasa, ɗan kwalliya yana cikin jira don ƙananan haɗari. Matsakaicin tswon tsuntsayen ya kai kimanin mita ɗaya. Sakamakon haka, kowane nau'i na masu farautar ƙasa (gami da kuliyoyin gida) na iya cin abinci a kan ƙwai ko ƙananan kajin. Sau da yawa, dawakai da badgers musamman suna farautar gida gida suna cin ƙwai da kaji. Saboda ƙananan girmansu, tsuntsayen ba sa iya hana hakan ta kowace hanya, kodayake namiji yana ƙoƙari ya kare wurin da ke tsugunnar.
Hakanan sunadarai na zamani da ake amfani da su a cikin kayan aikin gona na iya lalata kaji. Ciyar da hatsi da aka bi da shi da sinadarai, tsuntsaye suna da guba kuma suna mutuwa kafin su bar zuriya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, mutane sun kawo lahani mai yawa ga oatmeal. Soyayyen oatmeal ana daukar sa mai daɗaɗaɗɗen abinci a cikin yawancin gidajen cin abinci na Turai. Tun da tsuntsun yana da ɗan nauyin kaɗan, sai a saka shi a cikin keji da aka sanya a cikin ɗaki mai duhu. A cikin yanayin damuwa, oatmeal yana fara ci gaba kuma a cikin fewan kwanaki yana ƙaruwa da nauyi sau 3-4.
Sannan tsuntsun ya nutsar da ruwan inabi ja kuma a gasa shi duka da kayan ciki. Kudin ɗayan irin wannan soyayyen tsuntsu na iya kaiwa Euro 200!
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Tsuntsaye Tsuntsaye
Ba a san ainihin adadin buntings ga masana ilimin tsaran ba. Dangane da mummunan kiyasi, akwai mutane miliyan 30 zuwa 70 a duniya, saboda haka, ɓacewa ko raguwar yawan tsuntsayen ba barazana.
Amma a cikin shekaru 10 da suka gabata, adadin tsuntsayen da ke gida gida a Turai ya ragu sosai. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa an fara amfani da tsuntsaye don abinci. Misali, a Faransa, an kame dukkan tsuntsaye kuma shekaru da yawa a jere oatmeal yana cikin menu na duk manyan gidajen cin abinci a kasar. A cewar masana kimiyya, ana shan oat dubu 50-60 a kowace shekara, kuma wannan yana rage jinkirin ƙaruwar yawan jama'a gaba ɗaya.
A cikin 2010, an zartar da sanarwa ta musamman a cikin ƙasashen EU, bisa ga abin da aka hana shi:
- kama hatsi don yin kitse da kisan gilla;
- lalata tsuntsayen tsuntsaye ko tattara su don tarawa;
- saya da sayar da tsuntsaye;
- yi cushe oatmeal
Wadannan matakan sun rage adadin buntings da aka kama, amma basu kare tsuntsayen gaba daya ba. A wasu lardunan Faransa, tsuntsayen wannan nau'in sun zama ba safai ba kuma kusan ba a same su ba. Gabaɗaya, yankunan da ba kowa a ciki na Siberia da Mongolia suna ɗaya daga cikin yankuna kalilan inda bunting ke jin aminci kuma ba abin da ke yi musu barazana face maƙiyan ƙasa waɗanda ɗabi'ar kanta ta halitta.
Oatmeal suna da launi mai haske sosai kuma ana rarrabe su da waƙoƙi da waƙa mai daɗi. Bugu da kari, suna da matukar amfani ta hanyar tarko kwari masu cutarwa da kuma cin kwayar shuke-shuke. Bugu da kari, ana iya ajiye oatmeal a gida a matsayin tsuntsaye, kuma zai faranta maka rai da waka tsawon shekaru.
Ranar bugawa: 08/06/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/28/2019 da 22:26
