Axis - kyakkyawa mai wakiltar aljannu (Cervidae). Hanyoyin da ke bambanta bambancin farin launuka sun tsaya a kan jan-zinariyar dabbar. Shine mafi girma memba na jinsin Axis. Axis wani nau'in barewa ne da aka gabatar daga Indiya zuwa ƙasashe da yawa. Namansa yana da daraja sosai. Lokacin da garkunan dabbobi suka yi girma da yawa, sukan shafi shuke-shuke na cikin gida kuma suna kara lalatawa. Wadannan barewa kuma suna dauke da cututtukan da vector ke daukar su.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Axis
Sunan kimiyya Cervidae yana da tushe mai yawa: axon Girka, ash Lithuanian, ko Sanskrit akshan. Sanannen sunan ya fito ne daga yaren Hindi, wanda ke nufin gashin barewar da aka hango. Wani asalin asalin sunan yana nufin "mai haske" ko "tabo". Axis shine kawai memba na jinsin Axis kuma yana cikin dangin Cervidae (barewa). Bajamushe dan kasar Johann Erksleben ne ya fara bayanin dabba a shekarar 1777.
Bidiyo: Axis
A cewar rahoton "Nau'in halittun dabbobi na duniya" (2005), an gano nau'ikan 2 a cikin jinsin:
- axis;
- axis axis - Indiya ko "karanta" axis;
- hyelaphus;
- kalamianensis - axis kalamian ko "kalamian";
- axis kuhlii - axis baveansky;
- axis porcinus - Bengal axis, ko "naman alade" (ƙananan kamfanoni: porcinus, annamiticus).
Nazarin DNA na Mitochondrial ya nuna cewa Axis porcinus yana da kusancin kusanci da wakilan jinsin Cervus fiye da mahallin Axis, wanda na iya haifar da keɓance wannan nau'in daga jinsin Axis. Dajin axis ya kaura daga layin Rucervus a farkon Pliocene (shekaru miliyan biyar da suka gabata). Wani bincike da aka gudanar a 2002 ya nuna cewa Axis Shansius shine kakannin kakanin Hyelaphus. Sabili da haka, wasu masana kimiyya ba sa ƙara ɗauka a matsayin ƙaramin ɗan Cervus.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Yaya axis yake kama
Axis matsakaiciyar sila ce. Maza sun kai kusan 90 cm kuma mata 70 cm a kafada. Kan da tsawon jiki ya kai kimanin 1.7. Yayin da mazan da ba su balaga ba nauyinsu ya kai kilo 30-75, mata masu sauƙi suna da nauyin kilogiram 25-45. Mazan da suka manyanta ma suna da nauyin kilogram 98-110. Wutsiyar tana da tsayin 20 cm kuma alama ce ta duhu mai duhu wanda ke tafiya tare da tsawonta. Jinsin din dimorphic ne na jima'i; maza sun fi mata girma, kuma kaho yana cikin maza ne kawai. Jawo yana da launi mai launi na zinariya, an rufe shi da farin ɗigon. Ciki, sacrum, makogwaro, cikin ƙafafu, kunnuwa da wutsiya fari ne. Noticeaƙarin bakin fata sananne yana gudana tare da kashin baya. Axis yana da haɓakar haɓaka na gwaiwa (kusa da idanuwa), tare da gashi mai ƙarfi. Hakanan suna da ingantattun gland na metatarsal gland da gland gland dake kan ƙafafunsu na baya. Landsananan gland na maza, sun fi girma a cikin maza fiye da na mata, an buɗe don amsawa ga wasu matsalolin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Horahoni huɗu masu ƙahoni suna da tsawon kusan mita 1. Ana zubar da su kowace shekara. Kaho ya zama kamar mai taushi kuma a hankali yana taurarawa, yana haifar da sifofin kashi, bayan toshewa da samar da jijiyoyin jini a cikin kyallen takarda.
Kofatoci suna tsakanin 4.1 da 6.1 cm a tsayi. Sun fi tsayi a ƙafafun na gaba fiye da na ƙafafun baya. Anta da girare sun fi na Axis porcinus barewa. Pedicels (ƙananan ƙwayoyin cuta wanda ƙahonin suke fitowa) sun fi guntu kuma gangunan sauraro sun fi ƙanƙanta. Axis na iya rikicewa tare da barewar fallow. Sai kawai ya fi duhu kuma yana da ɗigon fari da yawa, yayin da barewa ke da farin ɗigo fari. Axis yana da alamun farin farin a makogwaro, yayin da maƙogwaron barewar fari ta kasance fari fat. Gashi yana da santsi da sassauci. Maza suna da duhu kuma suna da alamun baƙi a fuskokinsu. Abubuwan halayyar fararen halayyar ana samun su a cikin jinsi biyu kuma suna da tsayi a cikin layuka a tsawon rayuwar dabbar.
A ina axis yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Axis mace
Axis ya samo tarihi a Indiya da Ceylon. Wurin zama daga 8 zuwa 30 ° latitude arewa a Indiya, sannan ya ratsa Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh da Sri Lanka. A yamma, iyakar zangonsa ya kai gabashin Rajasthan da Gujarat. Iyakar arewa tana tafiya tare da belin Bhabar Terai a ƙasan Himalayas, daga Uttar Pradesh da Uttaranchal zuwa Nepal, arewacin West Bengal da Sikkim, sannan zuwa yamma Assam da kwaruruka na Bhutan da ke ƙasan 1100 m na matakin teku.
Iyakar gabas ta kewayon ya faɗo daga yammacin Assam zuwa West Bengal (Indiya) da Bangladesh. Sri Lanka shine iyakar kudu. Ana samun axis a warwatse a cikin yankunan daji a sauran Yankin Indiya. A cikin Bangaladash, a halin yanzu akwai shi a cikin Sundarbana da wasu wuraren shakatawa da ke kusa da Bay of Bengal. Ya zama sananne a yankin tsakiya da arewa maso gabashin kasar.
An gabatar da axis a cikin:
- Ajantina;
- Armeniya;
- Ostiraliya,
- Brazil;
- Kuroshiya;
- Yukren;
- Moldova;
- Papua New Guinea;
- Pakistan;
- Uruguay;
- Amurka.
A cikin mahaifarsu, waɗannan barewar suna da makiyaya kuma ba safai suke tafiya a wuraren dajin dazuzzuka da za'a iya samu kusa dasu. Gajerun wuraren kiwo wuri ne mai mahimmanci a gare su saboda rashin matsuguni ga masu farauta kamar damisa. Axis yana amfani da dazukan kogin da ke Bardia National Park a cikin filayen Nepal don yin inuwa da tsari a lokacin rani. Gandun daji yana ba da abinci mai kyau ga fruitsa fruitsan 'ya'yan itace da ganye tare da babban abun ciki na abubuwan gina jiki da ake buƙata ga dabba. Sabili da haka, don mazaunin da ya fi dacewa, mai ba da fata yana buƙatar yankuna masu buɗewa, da kuma dazuzzuka a cikin mazauninsu.
Yanzu kun san inda barewar axis take. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene axis yake ci?
Hotuna: Deer Axis
Babban kayayyakin abinci da waɗannan barewar ke amfani da su a duk shekara sune ciyawa, da furanni da fruitsa fruitsan itacen da suka faɗo daga bishiyoyin daji. A lokacin damina, ciyawa da ciyawa a cikin gandun daji sune tushen abinci mai mahimmanci. Wani tushen abinci na iya zama naman kaza, wadanda ke da wadataccen furotin da abinci mai gina jiki kuma ana samun su a cikin dazuzzuka. Sun fi son harbe-harbe na matasa, in babu wanda dabbar ta fi son cin samarin saman ciyawa masu tsayi da tsayi.
Yanayin yanayi yakan samar da yawancin abincin barewar. A lokacin hunturu - Oktoba zuwa Janairu, lokacin da ganyayyaki suka yi tsayi sosai ko suka bushe kuma suka daina dandanawa, abincin ya hada da shrubs da ganyen kananan bishiyoyi. Ana fifita nau'in Flemingia galibi don abincin hunturu. 'Ya'yan itacen da Axis suka cinye a Kandar Kasa ta Kasa (Indiya) sun hada da ficus daga watan Janairu zuwa Mayu, mucous cordia daga Mayu zuwa Yuni, da Jambolan ko Yambolan daga Yuni zuwa Yuli. Barewa sukan taru kuma suna neman abinci a hankali.
Axis yakan yi shiru lokacin da suke kiwo tare. Maza sukan tsaya a kan ƙafafunsu na baya don kaiwa ga manyan rassan. Ana ziyartar wuraren ajiyar ruwa kusan sau biyu a rana, tare da kulawa sosai. A Dajin Kasa na Kanha, wata dabba ta debo gishirin ma'adinai masu dauke da sinadarin calcium pentoxide da phosphorus tare da hakoransu. Barewa a cikin Sunderbany sun fi kowa komai, tunda an sami ragowar jan kadoji a cikin cikinsu.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Axis
Axis yana aiki duk tsawon yini. A lokacin rani suna ɓatar da lokaci a inuwa, kuma ana kiyaye hasken rana idan zafin jiki ya kai 27 ° C. peakarin aikin yana faruwa yayin magariba ya gabato. Yayinda kwanaki suka zama masu sanyaya, neman abinci ya fara kafin fitowar rana da kuma wayewa da sassafe. Ayyuka suna jinkirtawa da tsakar rana, lokacin da dabbobin suna hutawa ko kuma kewayawa. Ciyarwa tana komawa zuwa ƙarshen rana kuma yana ci gaba har tsakar dare. Suna yin barci aan awanni kafin fitowar rana, galibi a cikin dajin sanyi. Wadannan barewa suna motsawa a cikin yanki guda tare da wasu hanyoyi.
Ana samun axis a cikin nau'ikan garken dabbobi daban-daban, ya danganta da shekarunsu da jima'i. Makiyayan Matriarchal sun kunshi mata manya da yaransu daga shekarar da muke ciki da shekarar da ta gabata. Maza masu yin jima'i suna bin waɗannan rukunin a yayin lokacin saduwarsu, yayin da maza marasa ƙarfi ke samar da garken bachelors. Wani nau'in garke wanda ake da shi ana kiransa garken gandun daji, wanda ya hada da mata tare da 'yan maruƙa har zuwa makonni 8.
Maza suna shiga cikin tsarin tsarin mulki na yau da kullun inda tsofaffi da manyan maza suka mamaye ƙarami da ƙananan maza. Akwai bayyanannun maganganu huɗu daban-daban tsakanin maza. Mata kuma suna shiga cikin halayyar tashin hankali, amma wannan galibi saboda yawan cunkoso a wuraren ciyarwar.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Axis Cub
Maza sukan yi ruri yayin lokacin saduwa, wanda zai iya zama kyakkyawan alama na farkon kiwo. Axis inseminates a cikin Afrilu ko Mayu kuma yana da lokacin gest of about 7.5 watanni. Yawancin lokaci suna haihuwar 'ya'ya biyu, amma ba sabon abu bane jarirai ɗaya ko uku. Ciki na farko yana faruwa ne tsakanin shekara 14 zuwa 17. Mace na ci gaba da shayarwa har sai fawn ɗin ya iya yawo cikin garken cikin aminci.
Tsarin kiwo yana faruwa a ko'ina cikin shekara tare da kololuwa waɗanda suka bambanta a ƙasa. Ana samar da maniyyi duk tsawon shekara, kodayake matakan testosterone sun ragu yayin ci gaban kaho. Mata suna da motsawar motsa jiki na yau da kullun, kowane ɗayan makonni uku. Tana iya sake daukar ciki makonni biyu zuwa watanni hudu bayan haihuwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Maza masu ƙaho mai tauri sun mamaye kayan ado ko na ƙaho, ba tare da la'akari da girmansu ba.
Jariri yana ɓoye sati ɗaya bayan haihuwarsa, wanda yafi gajarta yawa. Alaka tsakanin uwa da yaya ba ta da ƙarfi sosai saboda ana yawan raba su, kodayake suna iya sake haɗuwa cikin sauƙi kasancewar garken garken suna kusa da juna. Idan fawn ya mutu, uwar na iya sake yin haihuwa don haihuwa sau biyu a shekara. Maza suna ci gaba da haɓaka har zuwa shekaru bakwai zuwa takwas. Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwa a cikin fursuna ya kusan shekara 22. Koyaya, a cikin daji, tsawon rai shekaru biyar zuwa goma ne kawai.
Ana samun Axis a cikin adadi mai yawa a cikin manyan bishiyoyi masu ƙarancin ruwa ko gandun daji masu ƙarancin ruwa da kuma makiyaya buɗe. Mafi yawan ginshiƙan ana samun su a cikin dazuzzukan Indiya, inda suke cin abinci a kan ciyawa masu tsayi da shrubs. Hakanan an gano axis a cikin Fibsoo Nature Reserve a Bhutan, gida ne kawai dazikin ƙasar (Shorea robusta). Ba a samun su a wurare masu tsayi, inda galibi ake maye gurbinsu da wasu nau'ikan halittu kamar su Sambar deer.
Abokan gaba na Axis
Hotuna: Deer Axis
Lokacin da yankin ke fuskantar haɗari mai yuwuwa, yakan bincika kewaye, a daskare mara motsi kuma ya saurara da kyau. Wannan matsayi za a iya karɓa ta garken garken duka. A matsayin ma'auni na kariya, axis yana guduwa a cikin rukuni (sabanin barewar alade, wacce ke watsewa a wurare daban-daban cikin ƙararrawa). Harbe-harbe galibi ana tare da shi tare da ɓoyewa a cikin manyan bishiyoyi. A cikin askis mai gudana, an tayar da wutsiya, yana fallasar farin ƙananan jiki. Wannan barewa na iya tsallake kan shinge har zuwa mita 1.5, amma ya fi son nutsuwa a ƙarƙashinsu. Kullum yana cikin mita 300 daga murfin.
Masu yuwuwar cin zarafin axis sun hada da:
- kerkeci (Canis lupus);
- Zakunan Asiya (P. leo persica);
- damisa (P. pardus);
- damis na damisa (P. molurus);
- kerkeci masu launi (Cuon alpinus);
- rajapalayam (polygar greyhound);
- kada (Crocodilia)
Foxes da jackal suna ganima galibi a kan barewar yara. Maza ba su da rauni fiye da mata da barewar yara. Idan akwai haɗari, axis yana fitar da siginar ƙararrawa. Tasirin su na kamanceceniya da sautunan da Elk na Arewacin Amurka ke yi. Koyaya, kiransa ba shi da ƙarfi kamar na elk ko jan barewa. Waɗannan galibi ƙananan surutu ne ko kuwwa. Manyan maza masu kula da mata a cikin ƙirar ƙabila suna yin babban ɗoki na sonic ga maza marasa ƙarfi.
Maza na iya yin nishi yayin nunin nuna ƙarfi ko yayin hutawa. Axis, galibi mata da matasa, koyaushe suna yin sautin haushi lokacin da suka firgita ko lokacin da suke fuskantar mai farauta. Faun sau da yawa yakan yi ihu don neman mahaifiyarsu. Axis na iya amsawa ga sautukan damuwa na dabbobi da yawa, kamar su myna gama gari da biri mai sihiri.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Axis
Axis an lasafta shi a matsayin mafi hadari mafi karanci ta IUCN "saboda hakan yana faruwa ne a wurare da yawa tare da adadi mai yawa na jama'a." A yanzu babu wata cikakkiyar barazana ga garken garken da ke zaune a yankuna masu kariya da yawa. Koyaya, yawan jama'a a wurare da yawa yana ƙasa da damar ɗaukar muhalli saboda farauta da gasa tare da dabbobi. Farauta don naman naman barewa ya haifar da raguwar mutane da yawa a matakin gida.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Wannan kariyar tana da kariya a cikin Jadawalin III na dokar kiyaye namun daji na Indiya (1972) da Dokar Kare Dabbobi (Conservation) (Kwaskwarima) Dokar 1974 ta Bangladesh. Manyan dalilai guda biyu na kyakkyawar matsayinta na kiyaye halitta sune kariyar doka a matsayin jinsinsu da kuma hanyar sadarwar yankuna masu kariya.
Axis an gabatar da shi zuwa Tsibirin Andaman, Australia, Mexico, Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Brazil, Paraguay, Point Reyes National Coast na California, Texas, Florida, Mississippi, Alabama da Hawaii a Amurka, da Tsibirin Great Brijun a cikin tsibirin Brijuni a cikin Kuroshiya. Axungiyar Deer tana da kyau a cikin bauta kuma ana iya ganin ta a cikin gidan zoo da yawa a duniya, kuma wasu da aka gabatar da mutane suna yawo cikin yardar kaina a wuraren da ba a kiyaye su.
Ranar bugawa: 08/01/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 01.08.2019 a 9:12
