Beluga Shin kifi ne da ke rayuwa a cikin sabo. Ta kasance memba ne daga dangin sturgeon kuma ana girmama ta sosai a masana'antar kiwon kifi. Caviar irin wannan kifin ya fi kowane tsada a duniya. Kwanan nan, yawan beluga yana raguwa cikin sauri, sabili da haka masana kimiyya suna ƙoƙarin koyon yadda ake kiwon kifi a cikin yanayin wucin gadi. Abin lura ne cewa sunan kifin da aka fassara daga Latin yana nufin "alade". Wannan sunan yana da cikakkiyar daidaituwa da kifin, yana bayyana yanayin rayuwarsa, kamanninta, halinsa da kuma tsarin cin abincinsa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Beluga
Beluga na cikin dabbobin dawa ne, wadanda aka ware wa ajin kifin mai rai-rai, umarnin masu tsawa. Kifin na dangin sturgeon ne, jinsi da nau'in beluga. Wannan shine beluga wanda shine mafi girman kifin ruwa wanda yake duk duniya. Tarihi yana bayyana al'amuran lokacin da mutane suka kama manyan mutane. A wasu kafofin, akwai bayanin cewa an kama wasu daidaikun mutane masu nauyin nauyi har tan biyu.
Bidiyo: Beluga
Koyaya, wannan bayanin bashi da goyan bayan kowane hujja. A tsarin juyin halitta da raguwar mutane, kifin ya ragu sosai. An kama mafi yawan mutanen wannan nau'in a cikin 1700 da 1989. Nauyin jikinsu ya kai kilo 800 da 970.
Baya ga beluga, dangin sturgeon ya hada da kifi masu zuwa: stellate sturgeon, sturgeon, sterlet. Wakilan wannan dangi sun bayyana da alama lokacin Eocene, wannan kusan shekaru miliyan 85-70 kenan da suka gabata. Wannan yana bayyane ta hanyar binciken abubuwan tarihi da aka gano. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa tsoffin wakilai na wannan dangin sun rayu wannan duniya tamu kimanin shekaru miliyan 200 da suka gabata, lokacin da dinosaur suka yi tafiya a duniya.
Abin mamaki, kifin ya wanzu har zuwa zamaninmu, kusan ba tare da fuskantar canje-canje na waje ba. Jikunansu, kamar da, an lulluɓe su da faranti na ƙashi, waɗanda suka zama dole domin su rayu cikin yanayin wancan lokacin.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Yaya beluga yake
Kifi na cikin rayuwar manyan ruwa. Ba a lura da dimphism na jima'i a cikin beluga, kuma maza da mata ba su da wani bambanci na gani tsakanin su. Nauyin jikinsa na iya kaiwa tan, kuma tsawon sa ya kai kimanin mita huɗu. Akwai shaidun da ke da'awar cewa su shaidu ne a kan cewa kamun kifi ya yi ko da tsawon mita shida zuwa bakwai. Beluga shine mamallakin babban, mai girman gaske, mai tarin kaya.
Sashin jikin mutum yana bayyanar da kamanni da alade. Sashin hanci yana da ɗan ƙarami, yana tunatar da alamar alade. Bakin mai sikila yana da fadi sosai, an shirya shi ta manyan lebe. Beluga bashi da hakora, banda soya. Yayin da suke girma da girma, sai su ɓace. A yankin leben sama, akwai dabaru da suka rataya, suna isa leben ƙasan. Idanun beluga kanana ne. Gani bai inganta ba, saboda haka jin ƙamshi yana zama babban matattarar ishara. Jikin kifin an lullubeshi da sikeli mai nauyi, mai wuya wanda ba zai iya jujjuya shi ba. An zana jikin a cikin tabarau biyu: baya baya launin toka mai launin ruwan kasa, yankin ciki ya fi haske, kusan fari ko madara. Yankin baya an rufe shi da ƙananan spines. Masana ilmin namun daji suna da'awar cewa wannan nau'in kifin yana da hanta mai tsayi. Saboda girmansu, musamman manyan mutane suna rayuwa kusan shekara ɗari.
A ina beluga yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Beluga a Rasha
Kifin Beluga yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwan sabo.
Yankunan mazaunin beluga a cikin yanayin yanayi:
- Bahar Maliya;
- Tekun Caspian;
- Tekun Azov;
- Tekun Adriatic.
A lokacin bazara, kifi kan taru a bakin kogi. Mafi yawan jama'a a wannan lokacin sun tattara a cikin Volga, Danube, Don, Dnieper, Dniester, Ural, Kura, Terek. Mafi yawan waɗannan wakilai na flora da fauna suna rayuwa a cikin Tekun Caspian. A lokacin yaduwar kifayen, yawancin kifaye sun taru a Kogin Volga. Ana iya samun kifi a kowane kogi kusa da Tekun Kaspian. A da, yawanci kifi na hawa manyan koguna na tsawon kilomita dubbai. A yau, mazaunin wadannan maharan sun iyakance saboda gina manyan tsirrai masu samar da wutar lantarki.
A baya can, yawan mutanen beluga ya yadu a gabar tekun Azerbaijan, Iran, Serbia, Romania, da sauran ƙasashe. Har ma an gina maƙerin jirgin kifi akan yankin Volgograd hydroelectric hadadden. Koyaya, saboda aiki mara kyau, sun daina amfani da shi, kuma kifin ya daina samun a cikin Kogin Volga a adadi mai yawa kamar da. Mai farauta irin wannan girman zai iya samarwa da kansa abinci a cikin manyan teku. Yankunan da yake zaune ana ɗaukarsu da mahalli, tunda ana samun beluga ne kawai a irin waɗannan wuraren.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan saboda wani dalili gurbataccen mazaunin kifin, mace ta ki haihuwa, kuma kwan da ta samu a jikinta kawai yakan narke.
Belugas ba sa nuna halin natsuwa, salon rayuwa. Duk da girmansa mai ban sha'awa, yana canza mazauninsa koyaushe, yana son sauka zuwa zurfin zurfafawa a cikin wurare masu ƙarfi. A irin wadannan wuraren ne take samun isasshen abinci. Don hutawa, yana zaɓar wuraren hutu a ƙasan. Da farkon bazara, lokacin da manyan ruwa suka warke sosai, ana iya ganin beluga a cikin waɗannan ruwan, ko a zurfin zurfin ruwa.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo beluga. Bari muga me wannan kifin yake ci?
Me beluga yake ci?
Photo: Beluga a cikin teku
Beluga na cikin rayuwar halittar teku. Ya fara farauta kuma da kansa ya samo wa kansa abinci da wuri. Babban tushen abinci shine kifi iri daban-daban. Tunda belugas manyan dabbobi masu cin nama ne, abincin su ya banbanta.
Abincin Beluga:
- herring;
- irin kifi;
- gobies;
- warwarewa;
- vobla;
- sturgeon;
- Sterlet;
- zander.
Baya ga kifayen nau'ikan daban-daban, za su iya cin crustaceans, molluscs, danginsu, waɗanda ba su kai girman girma ba tukuna. A wasu lokuta, suna iya cin abincin jaririn, tsuntsayen ruwa. Sababbin haihuwar beluga ne kawai ke cin abincin plankton, caviar na nau'ikan kifaye daban-daban, da larvae. Yayin da yake girma, abincin beluga yana canzawa. Bayan yin ƙaura zuwa buɗewar teku, a karon farko matasa suna cin abinci akan ɓawon burodi da molluscs. Cin naman mutane ya zama ruwan dare gama gari tsakanin dabbobi matasa.
Yayin da suka girma, a hankali suna canzawa zuwa abincin kifi. A cikin manya, kifi yayi kusan kashi 95-97% na jimlar abinci. Don neman abinci, wani lokacin suna iya yin ƙaura a kan nisan da ke da nisa sosai. Dogaro da yanayin yanayi, halaye na yanayi, da lokacin ɓatancin, rabon abinci daga mafarauta an ɗan daidaita su.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Beluga kifi
Tare da girman girman su, kifaye suna da hannu, suna da saurin yin ƙaura akan nesa mai nisa. Babban mazaunin shine teku, amma a lokacin yaduwar haihuwa, beluga ya tafi bakin manyan koguna.
Dangane da tsari da nau'in ƙaura, an rarraba belugas zuwa gida biyu:
- bazara. Hijirar kifi zuwa koguna yana faruwa a farkon rabin bazara.
- hunturu. Yawan kifin da ya kwarara zuwa Volga an lura dashi a lokacin kaka.
Kifin lokacin hunturu ya fi yawa a cikin adadi, wanda a zahiri ke shakata a cikin ɓacin rai a ƙasa, kuma tare da farkon bazara nan da nan za su fara zagewa. Bayan ƙarshen spawning, mai farauta ya koma wurin zama na asali - a cikin teku. Yana daidaita kansa a sararin samaniya, yana mai dogaro da wani ƙamshi mai ƙamshi. Lokacin rayuwa a cikin teku, beluga yana jagorantar keɓantaccen salon rayuwa. Yayin hijira zuwa rafuka, yana haɗuwa cikin ƙungiyoyi masu yawa.
Da farkon yanayin sanyi, beluga ya nitse zuwa zurfin kuma ya ta'allaka a cikin ramuka masu zurfin zurfin ƙasa. Shiga cikin rashin himma, tana jiran sanyi. Da farkon dumi da bazara, kifin ya farka kuma ya fara haihuwa. A wannan lokacin, wasu mutane sukan canza halayensu, salon rayuwarsu da tsarin abincinsu. Koyaya, tare da ƙarshen lokacin kiwo, sun koma hanyar rayuwarsu da suka saba.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Babban beluga kifi
A cikin kifi, balaga na farawa da wuri. Mata suna shirye don kiwo tun suna da shekaru 15 zuwa 17, kuma maza a shekaru 12-14. Koyaya, mata basa haihuwar 'ya'ya har sai sun sami nauyin jikin da ake so. Wannan yakan faru galibi bai wuce shekaru 25 ba. Matsakaici tsakanin tsaran haihuwa shekaru biyu zuwa hudu.
A lokacin rayuwarta, kowace mace tana yin kwai kusan sau 8-9. Ta kan sa ƙwai sau da yawa a ƙasan yashi, ko ƙanƙan dutse. Lokacin da qwai suka hadu, sai su zama masu danko, ta yadda za su gyara tekun. Don haifar da daɗaɗawa, ya kamata a ɗora ƙwai a inda akwai saurin gudu kuma ana ba da isashshen oxygen.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A wani lokaci, mace baliga da ta balaga tana iya yin kwai kusan miliyan, kuma jimlar nauyin kwan da aka kwantawa kusan kashi huɗu ne na nauyin jikinta.
Lokacin ɓatancin yana faruwa a farkon lokacin bazara, lokacin da belugas suka farka bayan rashin nutsuwa. Takin waje ne. Yawan rayuwa yana da ƙasa, tun da yawancin ƙwai sun zama abinci don sauran rayuwar ruwan teku, kuma yawancin dabbobin da ake haifa sukan cinye soya da aka haifa. Soyayyar da aka kafa daga ƙwai girman santimita 5-7. Da farko, suna rayuwa ne a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, ko kuma a cikin ruwan saman da hasken rana ke dumama su, to suna iyo a cikin neman teku. Soyayyar tana girma da haɓaka sosai da sauri, kuma a shekara sun kai kusan mita a tsayi.
Makiyan beluga
Hotuna: Beluga
Saboda girmanta da salon farautarsa, beluga kusan bashi da abokan gaba a mazaunin sa. Babu wani mai cin abincin teku da yake farautar sa. Banda shine toya da caviar, wanda ya zama tushen abinci don rayuwar ruwa da yawa. Abin lura ne cewa beluga yana daga cikin manyan makiyanta. Wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa cin naman mutane ya zama ruwan dare gama gari a tsakanin wannan nau'in mahautan. Suna cin danginsu da ƙwai, kuma, ƙari ma, a cikin adadi mai yawa.
Daya daga cikin manyan makiya kuma kusan makiyan makiya teku shine mutum. Tun da farko a yankuna da yawa, musamman akan Volga, a lokacin ɓatancin, an kama tan dubu 1.5-2 na wannan kifin mai daraja. A yankuna da yawa a yau ana yin sa ne don siyar da masana'antu, tunda caviar ana ɗaukarta mai tsada da cin abinci mai kyau. Tana da dandano mai kyau.
Abun caloric ɗinsa ya fi na adadin kalori da ke cikin naman kifi kanta. Beluga caviar yana da wadataccen furotin na halitta, wanda ke ba da gudummawa wajen kiyaye fata ta samartaka. Koyaya, kiwo ba koyaushe yana samun nasara kuma yana da yawa. Dangane da wannan, farautar farauta ta yadu sosai a yankuna da yawa, musamman ma a lokacin raƙuwa, lokacin da ake tara kifi da yawa a bakin kogi.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Yaya beluga yake
A yau yawan kifin yana raguwa koyaushe. Ragowar lambobi cikin sauri ya faru a farkon karni na 21. An bai wa Belugas matsayin nau'in haɗari mai haɗari, wanda aka lasafta shi tare da shi a cikin littafin Red Book na Tarayyar Rasha da Red Book na duniya. Masanin ilmin namun dajin ya lura cewa saboda yawan raguwar lamura a cikin yanayin yanayi, mafarauta sukan hadu da wakilan wasu jinsunan halittun ruwa.
A shekarar 1952, a karkashin yanayi na wucin gadi, masana kimiyya suka sami nasarar hayayyafa, wacce aka samo ta sakamakon tsallakawa wata alaƙa da sitiyari kuma aka sanyawa suna Bester. Irin wannan kifin an yi shi ne kawai don ajiyar kifin a cikin tafkunan ruwa na wucin gadi. Koyaya, ingancin bester caviar yana da ƙarancin inganci a cikin na masu farautar ɓarna.
Belugas suna gab da halaka saboda tsufa. An girka cibiyoyin samar da wutar lantarki a yankuna da dama inda kifaye suka saba da kiwo shekaru aru aru, ruwan ya gurbata da nau'ikan sharar masana'antu, wanda sakamakon hakan ya daina haihuwa. Wannan jinsin na masu farauta suna da irin wannan yanayin wanda bayan karshen haihuwa, mata da yawa suna mutuwa. Hakanan yana tasiri mummunan yawan mutane.
Beluga mai gadi
Photo: Beluga kifi
An hana yin kamun kifin wani mai farauta a yankunan da yake rayuwa. Don keta wannan dokar, mafarauta suna fuskantar hukuncin ɗaurin kurkuku na ainihi. Wannan dokar tana aiki a yankin duk jihohin da beluga yake zaune. Hukuncin ya banbanta a kasashe daban-daban: daga tarar a kan manya-manyan abubuwa da kwace dukiya zuwa daurin shekaru biyar.
Don kiyaye wannan mai ban mamaki kuma ƙara yawanta, ana shirya wuraren kula da yara a cikin yankuna da yawa waɗanda suke ƙoƙarin kiyayewa da haɓaka beluga. Koyaya, irin waɗannan abubuwan ba koyaushe suke ba da sakamakon da ake so ba.
Hakanan, a cikin yankuna na asalin beluga, an hana gurɓata ruwa tare da sharar gida da ta masana'antu, tunda gurɓatar da mazaunan masu cin abincin ke haifar da dakatar da haifuwa, ƙuntata mahalli da raguwar mutane. A lokacin yaduwar haihuwa, wuraren tarin beluga ana kiyaye su ta kulawar kifi. An jera kifin a cikin Littafin Ja. A yau, kamun kifi a kowane sihiri ba shi yiwuwa, sabili da haka ya kasance mafarkin yawancin masunta masu son son rai waɗanda ba su fidda tsammanin kama shi kwatsam.
Beluga kifi ne mai ban mamaki, wanda shine babban rarity a wannan zamanin namu. Tana da manyan kaviar na launin toka mai launin toka, wanda ba kamar sauran caviar ba dangane da dandano.
Ranar bugawa: 07/27/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/30/2019 da karfe 20:51
