Asio otus ko mujiya mai dogon kunne - karamin tsuntsu na dangin mujiya. Wannan nau'in yana da alamun tsuntsaye masu tsayi sosai a gefen kai, suna kama da ƙananan kunnuwa. Owls na wannan nau'in suna da launi na monochromatic. Mujiyoyi masu kunnuwan kunnuwa suna zaune a cikin dazuzzuka, ƙananan 'yan sanda da wuraren shakatawa na birni. Tsuntsayen wannan nau'in suna daga tsuntsayen masu ƙaura; suna tashi cikin rukunin mutane 10 ko fiye. Mujiyoyi masu kunnuwan kunu suna da matukar wahalar haduwa, tunda mujiya bata tashi sama da rana, suna dare. Sun bambanta da sauran mujiya ba kawai a cikin gashin "kunnuwa" ba amma har ma a halaye da abubuwan ɗabi'a.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: mujiya mai kunnuwa
Mujiya Asio otus mai dogon kunne. Owls. Jinsi na doguwar kunnuwa. Nauyin mujiya na dogon lokaci. Owls yana da tsohuwar asali. A farkon zamanin Cenozoic a cikin Eocene, wadannan tsuntsayen sun riga sun zauna a tsohuwar dazukan Amurka, kamar yadda yake a bayyane daga tsoffin burbushin wadannan tsuntsayen da masana kimiyya suka gano. Yawancin tsuntsayen da suka ɓace sun kasance daga zuriyar zamani. Mujiya da aka ajiye a sito ya rayu a zamanin Miocene, an san mujiya ta gaggafa tun daga ƙarshen Eocene.
Bidiyo: Doguwar kunnuwa
Mujiyoyi na da sun banbanta da tsuntsayen zamani, ba masu farauta bane, kuma suna da bambancin halaye. A tsawon shekarun juyin halitta, tsuntsayen wannan nau'ikan sun fito da nasu salon na farauta. Mujiya ba sa bin abin da suke farauta, kamar yadda sauran tsuntsaye suke yi, amma su kula da abincinsu kuma su kai masa hari da sauri. A yau, mujiya owiya tsintsiya ce madaidaiciya wacce ta keɓaɓɓe a cikin dukkan jirage.Kamar yadda mujiya take kamar ta akuya, rickshaws da aku.
Asio otus jinsin an bayyana shi ne ta farko daga Baƙon ɗan Sweden kuma masanin kimiyya Karl Linnaeus a cikin 1758. Wannan nau'in yana da wasu sifofi wadanda suka banbanta mujiya da kunnuwa daga sauran wakilan wannan nau'in. Mujiyoyi masu kunnuwan kunnuwa suna da faifai na fuska mai bayyana; sai dai manyan gashin tsuntsu, wadanda ake kira "kunnuwa", ana iya gani a kan tsuntsun. Mujiya na wannan nau'in suna da matsattsun fuka-fukai masu kauri da kyakkyawan launi "marmara".
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoton: mujiya mai kunnuwa
Maza da mata na wannan nau'in ba su da wani bambanci na musamman na waje. Kan tsuntsun yana da girma, zagaye. Iris na idanu rawaya ne ko orange. Fuskar fuskar tsuntsun tana da kaifi mai duhu. Mujiya tana da fikafikai masu duhu kewaye da bakin, haske a yankin chin. Akwai fuka-fukai masu launuka iri-iri masu marmara a goshin tsakanin canonon gashin kan.
Akwai layuka masu yawa na baƙin fuka-fukai kewaye da idanun. Tufunƙun kunnen ya ƙunshi fuka-fukai masu launin ruwan kasa guda uku ko biyar, a wajen fuka-fukan suna da launin ja. A wuya da baya plumage yana da ja, mai launin ruwan kasa. Gilashin ba su haɗuwa cikin tsari ɗaya. A kasan jikin tsuntsun, ana iya ganin ratsi-ratsi kusan baƙaƙe 4. Fuka-fukan jirgin sama suna da launuka launin ruwan kasa guda 4 a kan yanar gizo da ciki.
Yaran tsuntsaye suna da launi iri daya da na manya, gashinsu ne kawai ya fi taushi. Wurin launin ruwan kasa yana tsaye daga santimita 7-10 daga ninka na fikafikan. Fuka-fukan babban mujiya ya kai cm 87-100. Tsawon tsuntsuwar ya kai 32-40 cm A wannan nau'in tsuntsayen, maza ba su kai na mata da kusan 1-5%. A waje, tsuntsayen jinsi daban-daban basu da bambanci.
Fukafukan tsuntsayen dogaye ne kuma zagaye. Bayan, lokacin da tsuntsun ya zauna, fuka-fukan suna ɗan lulluɓewa. Wutsiyar wannan nau'in na mujiya ta fi tsayi, zagaye kuma ta kunshi gashin jela 12. Wsusoshi da baki suna launin ruwan kasa. Bakin bakinsa kaifi ne, zagaye yake. Theafafun ƙafafu launin toka ne. Mujiyoyi masu dogon kunne suna rayuwa tsawon lokaci; a ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, mujiya na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 25.
Gaskiyar wasa: Mujiya tana canza kaya da yawa yayin rayuwarta. An maye gurbin kayan ƙasa ta hanyar mesoptile, kuma zuwa shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, dindindin dindindin ya fara zama. Owls ya narke kowace shekara.
Ina mujiya mai dogon kunnuwan ke zaune?
Hoto: mujiya mai dogon kunne a yankin Moscow
Mazaunin mujiya mai dogon kunne yana da fadi sosai. Waɗannan su ne Eurasia, Finland, Yammacin Scandinavia. A kudu kuwa Falasdinu ne, Iran, Pamir da kuma kudancin Altai. Sau da yawa gida a cikin tsaunukan Nanypanya da gabashin Tibet. Haka kuma tsuntsayen suna zaune a Kudancin Arizona, Oklahoma, Virginia, arewacin California, Scotland, Arewacin Amurka.
Mujiyoyi masu kunnuwan kunnuwa suna zaune a tsibirai kamar su Canary Islands, British, Azores, Japanese, and the Sicilian Peninsula. Ana samun su da yawa a Armeniya, suna son zama a cikin tsaunukan Tien Shan, a can waɗannan tsuntsayen suna son lokacin sanyi. A cikin tsaunuka za su iya zama a tsawan sama da mita dubu 2 sama da matakin teku.
A cikin Rasha, ana iya samun tsuntsayen wannan nau'in kusan ko'ina cikin ƙasar. Mujiya sun sauka a cikin gandun daji masu tsayi a cikin yankunan Perm, Orenburg, Krasnoyarsk, Moscow, Tula, Lipetsk, Oryol, Kursk da sauran yankuna. Hakanan an lura cewa a cikin St. Petersburg da yankunanta, tsuntsaye wani lokacin sukan kasance don damuna.
Bugu da kari, mujiya na wannan nau'in suna rayuwa a cikin Caucasus, Armenia, Uzbekistan, Georgia. Mujiya mai dogon kunne tsuntsayen ƙaura ne. Wadannan tsuntsayen sun isa tsakiyar yankin tsakiyar Rasha a ƙarshen Maris - Afrilu. A cikin kaka a watan Satumba, mujiya na tashi zuwa kasashe masu dumi don hunturu. Gida na owl a cikin gandun daji da aka haɗu, wuraren shakatawa, daji. Sau da yawa sukan shagaltar da tsofaffin gidajan tsuntsayen ganima.
Menene mujiya mai kunnuwa ta ke ci?
Hoto: mujiya mai kunnuwa a cikin Rasha
Abincin ya hada da:
- beraye, voles da sauran beraye;
- kananan tsuntsaye masu wucewa (yurok, goldfinch, sparrow, bindweed);
- ƙwaro (Mayu, ƙwaro, barbela, ƙwarrare - dung beetles, bears da sauransu);
- kananan squirrels, zomaye;
- jauhari;
- shrews;
- kuskure;
- jemagu;
- kwadi da sauran amphibians.
A cikin yankuna daban-daban, abincin na iya zama daban, wani wurin mujiya na iya ciyar da wasu beraye, a wasu, akasin haka, tsuntsaye suna cin ƙwaro da ƙwaro. Wani lokaci owls na iya kai hari har ma da manyan tsuntsaye - sassan jaka, masu sanko, da rooks. A cikin abincin mujiya, tsuntsayen sun kai kusan 10%, sau da yawa tsuntsaye suna cin abinci a kan beraye, zasu iya yin kashi 80% na abincin. Tarkacen abinci da ba a sarrafa su ba a cikin sifar kashi, fuka-fukai da ulu wool tsuntsu ne ya sake gyara shi.
Dogaro da nau'in halittar da mujiya ke rayuwa da ita da hayaniyarta, mujiya tana farauta ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Mujiya suna kallon farautar rassan bishiyar. Tsuntsun yana kan rassan mita 3 zuwa 5 daga ƙasa kuma yana farautar farautar sa, yana zaɓar lokacin da wani abu ya shagaltar da shi, mujiya tayi saurin kai masa hari. A cikin yankuna na budewa, mujiya suna amfani da jirgin bincike don farauta. Tsuntsu a hankali yake zagayawa sama da ƙasa kuma yana neman abin da zai ci. Ana kallon ganima daga ƙasa wani lokacin. A kwanciyar hankali, maraice mara iska, owls galibi suna tashi, a tsawan kusan mita 3 sama da filin. Idan ana ruwan sama, kuma a cikin yanayi mai iska, tsuntsaye suna farauta daga zaune.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoton: mujiya mai kunnuwa
Owls tsuntsaye ne masu dare. Da rana, mujiya masu dogon kunnuwa suna bacci cikin lumana yayin da suke zaune a kan rassan, yayin da suke ƙoƙarin zama ba a ganuwa sai su ɓoye a cikin ganyayyaki. Da dare sukan yi farauta. A yayin yin gida-gida, tsuntsaye na zama a gida gida nesa da kusan mita 100 daga juna. A lokacin da ba bu gida, tsuntsaye suna ta shiga kananan garken mutane 5 zuwa 60. Da rana, irin waɗannan garken za su iya zama da dazuzzuka na daji, ko kuma dogayen conifers. A cikin irin waɗannan garken, tsuntsaye suna jin lafiya kuma suna iya hutawa da sauƙi. Da yamma, tsuntsayen suna tashi don ciyarwa cikin rabin sa'a bayan faduwar rana. Ku ci abinci sau da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mujiya masu kunnuwan kunnuwa suna da girar ido kusan uku, wasu ana amfani da su yayin tashi don kare idanuwa daga turbaya da matsakaitan, wasu kuma na lumshe ido, wasu kuma na bacci.
Mujiyoyi masu dogon kunne basa jin tsoron mutane, amma suna iya nuna halin tashin hankali idan sun rikice, musamman a lokacin nest. Idan kun kusanto mujiya, sai ta fara kuwwa tana yin fuka-fukai, tana iya yin cizo idan ba ta so a taɓa ta. Tsuntsayen ba su da kwanciyar hankali, galibi babu rikici a cikin garken. Tsuntsayen ba su killace yankinsu musamman, ba sa gina gida, amma suna zaune a tsofaffin gidajen wasu tsuntsayen.
Mujiya mai dogon kunne tsuntsayen ƙaura ne. Yawancin lokaci suna yin hibernate a wurare guda. Tsuntsaye suna barin hunturu a ƙarshen watan Agusta - Satumba. Suna komawa mazauninsu na yau da kullun a ƙarshen Maris - Afrilu, dangane da yanayin, kwanakin na iya ɗan bambanta kaɗan.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Kajin wani mujiya mai dogon kunne
Lokacin sheƙatawa don mujiya masu kunnuwa masu tsawo suna farawa ne daga Maris da farkon Afrilu. A lokacin da suke gida gida, tsuntsaye suna nuna halaye na musamman, suna fitar da wani kukan dadi "gu-gu-guu" wannan kukan ana maimaita shi a kowane dakika biyar. Tsuntsayen suna kiran abokin tarayyar su zuwa tashi tare da kuka, ana tare ta da fuka-fukai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mujiya masu kunnuwa masu tsawo ba sa banbanta a cikin gida, ba sa yin gida kwata-kwata, amma suna da tsofaffin gidajan hankaka, magpies da rooks. Wasu lokuta suna iya ƙirƙirar mason ɗin koda a ƙasa tsakanin ciyawa. Gida yawanci ana amfani dashi sau ɗaya, don kiwo kawai.
Tsuntsayen wannan jinsin na iya kwanciya daga kwai 3 zuwa 9 a lokacin daddawa daya. Mace na yin ƙwai a tsakanin tazarar kwanaki da yawa. Kama mace tayi tare da kiyaye ta. Yayin kwantawa, mace takan tashi daga cikin gida da daddare sau 5-8 a kowane dare domin nema wa kanta abinci. Mace kullum tana juya ƙwai, tsuntsu yana juya ƙwai sau 40 a rana, wanda ba a san shi ba. Kaji suna kyanƙyashe bayan kwanaki 25-28. Farauta tana kimanin mako guda, ana haihuwar kajin ƙarshe daga ƙarshen kamawa ta ƙarshe.
Ana haihuwar kaza da nauyin jiki na gram 14-21. Owananan lamuran an rufe su da farin ƙasa, makafi ne kuma ba su da komai. Suna yin sowa da kururuwa. Idanun Owlets suna buɗewa a rana ta huɗu ta rayuwa. An lura cewa kajin daga kamun farko sun bunkasa da sauri, amma lokaci bayan lokaci sai kannen matasa su kamo manyansu .. A karshen watan farko na rayuwa, girman tsuntsayen yakan tsaya. Wani mujiya yana kamanceceniya da babban tsuntsu, bambancin shine kawai a plumage. Haɓaka aikin ƙera ƙarewa zai ƙare zuwa kwanaki 50 da haihuwa.
Bayan haihuwar zuriya, mace takan dumama su, kuma tana tare dasu koyaushe. Namiji ya kawo abinci ga dangi. Da rana, namiji da mace suna hutawa kusa da gida. Idan mutum ya kusanci gida gida, tsuntsayen zasu fara korar sa da karfi ta hanyar busawa. Wani lokacin ma suna iya kai wa mutum hari. Owlets sun fara barin gida a ƙarshen watan farko na rayuwa, sun fara tashi sama zuwa bishiyoyin maƙwabta. Koyaya, a wannan shekarun, kajin har yanzu basu sami abinci ba, kuma iyayensu suna basu abinci. A makonni 10 da haihuwa, kajin suna barin gida ba tare da koyon koyon tashi ba. Tsuntsaye suna kai wa ga balagar jima’i tun sun cika shekara ɗaya.
Yanzu kun ga yadda kaji mujiya mai kunnuwa ta dade. Bari muga wa yake farautar wannan tsuntsu?
Abokan gaba na doguwar kunnuwa
Hoto: mujiya mai kunnuwa
Owls na manya bashi da abokan gaba. Waɗannan sune manyan tsuntsaye masu ganima. Mafi yawancin lokuta, wasu 'yan uwansu, mujiya da gaggafa na kai musu hari na mujiya masu kunnuwan kunnuwa. Wasu lokuta shaho da falkin na iya kai hari, amma wannan na rana ne kawai kuma idan tsuntsu da kansa ya nuna rashin hankali. Ainihin, ana auna rayuwar wannan nau'in tsuntsayen kuma suna da nutsuwa, tsuntsayen suna cikin garken a cikin garken a lokacin da ba sa gurbi, kuma ba safai suke kawo musu hari ba. Gidajen martaba sun lalace ta hanyar martens da ermines. Kuliyoyi na iya hawa cikin gida kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam. Yawancin samari marasa ƙwarewar tsuntsaye da ƙananan kajin suna fama da hare-hare. Hakanan samari tsuntsaye sukan mutu yayin dogon jirage zuwa hunturu, da dawowa.
Babban cututtukan da ke faruwa a mujiya mai kunnuwan kunne sune cututtukan parasitic.
A cikin hancin mujiya, irin waɗannan nau'ikan kaska sukan zama kamar:
- Rh. bricinboricus Btc.;
- Sternastoma strigitis Btk.;
- Rhinoecius oti Cooreman.
Hakanan owls na cin gajiyar fleas na jinsin Ceratophillus gallinae da wasu kwari. Zuwa ga abubuwan da ke haifar da mummunan tasiri ga yawan wannan nau'in shine ƙarancin bishiyoyi, yanayin yanayin muhalli yana taɓaruwa kowace shekara. Kaza sau da yawa suna mutuwa a cikin abin da ake kira "shekarun yunwa" lokacin da iyaye ba za su iya ciyar da zuriyarsu ba. An lura cewa a cikin shekaru lokacin da yawan ɓerayen filaye ke ƙaruwa, mujiya ma ana haihuwar su da yawa, kuma yiwuwar tana ƙaruwa cewa duk kajin zasu rayu kamar yadda ɓeraye sune mafi kyawun abinci ga waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Mujiya mai dogon kunne a yanayi
Mujiya mai dogon kunne tana daya daga cikin jinsin halittu masu yawa da ke zaune a fadin kasarmu. Ana samun mujiya na wannan nau'in a ko'ina; ana iya samunsu a cikin daji, wurin shakatawa, ko ma a gonar su. A kan matsakaita, ana iya samun 'ya'yan tsuntsaye kimanin bakwai a sararin hekta 120. Daga cikin 38 da ke kasarmu, an ga wannan nau'in mujiya a cikin 36, an lura da nasarar nest a cikin tanadi 24.
A matsakaita, yawan mujiya masu dogon kunnuwa a Turai kamar haka: Burtaniya da Ireland - daga 5 zuwa 7 dubu biyu. Faransa daga nau'i-nau'i 2 zuwa 8, Belgium kusan nau'i-nau'i dubu 7, Finland game da nau'i-nau'i dubu 2, Sweden kusan nau'i-nau'i dubu 10. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, yawan tsuntsayen wannan jinsin ya ragu sosai a Amurka; a jihar Michigan, har ma an dauki jinsin a karkashin kariya, kuma yana fuskantar barazanar bacewa. Hakanan, an rage yawan mujiya masu kunnuwan kunnuwa a Minnesota, California, da New Jersey. Wataƙila kawai tsuntsayen ba sa son wannan yanki a halin yanzu, kuma tsuntsayen suna motsi kawai, saboda yana da matuƙar wahala a bi lambobinsu. A wasu ƙasashe, wannan nau'in ba ya haifar da damuwa.
A cikin kasarmu, jinsin Asio otus suna da yawa kuma basa bukatar kariya ta musamman, amma farautar tsuntsaye, kamar dukkan tsuntsayen dan mujiya, an haramta ta a kasarmu. Mutuwar a tsakanin tsuntsayen wannan jinsin galibi ya fada kan kajin shekarar farko ta rayuwa, wanda yake kusan kashi 52% na yawan mutuwar tsuntsaye.
Mujiya Wannan tsuntsu mai kwarjini da kyau ana rarrabe shi da kyawawan kiraye-kiraye masu daɗi waɗanda ke zuwa daga gandun daji da kurmi da daddare. Ba shi da kyau a kusanci tsuntsayen kuma ku taɓa gidajen su musamman da yake ba sa son mutane da gaske. A cikin fursuna, wadannan tsuntsayen sun fi tsawon rai saboda basu da damar samun abinci mara katsewa.
Ranar bugawa: 07/14/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 25.09.2019 a 17:38
