Eel na lantarki - halitta mai hadari da ban mamaki. Babban fasalin sa shine ikon sake kera filin lantarki, wanda yake amfani dashi ba kawai don kewayawa ba, har ma da farauta, da kariya daga makiya na waje. Yana da alaƙa tare da eel na yau da kullun kawai kasancewar jiki mai tsawan kai da ƙoshin lafiya mai ƙarfi, tare da taimakon abin da yake sarrafa motsinsa. Dangane da rarrabuwa na duniya, eel din na lantarki na wani tsari ne na musamman na kifin mai rai-irin waka.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: lantarki eel
Tunda magabatan kifaye na zamani basu da ƙashi ko wasu kayoyi masu ƙarfi, halaye da wanzuwarsu ta kasance cikin sauƙin halita ta kanta. Underarƙashin tasirin masifar ƙasa, ragowar sun lalace, sun lalace kuma sun lalace. Saboda haka, tarihin asalin kowane nau'in kifi zance ne kawai na masana kimiyya bisa dogaro da binciken kasa da kuma gamammiyar ra'ayin asalin duk wata rayuwa a Duniya.
A farkon lokacin Cretaceous, wani rukuni na cyprinids da aka rabu da tsohuwar kifi irin ta ganyayyaki, wacce ta zaɓi sabon ruwa mai zafi don zama mai kyau. Sannan suka bazu zuwa duk nahiyoyi suka tafi teku. Har zuwa kwanan nan, wutan lantarki suma na dangi ne, amma a tsarin zamani ana ba su wani tsari na musamman na kifin mai rai-rai, wanda masana kimiyya suka ba shi suna "kamar waka".
Bidiyo: Wutar lantarki
Bambancin wakilan-kamar wakoki shine suna samarda caji na lantarki na ƙarfi da dalilai daban-daban. Eel na lantarki shine kawai yake amfani da wannan damar ba kawai don yanayin lantarki ba, har ma don kai hari da kariya. Kamar kusancin dangin ta, tana da dogon jiki, matsatstsasshe kuma tana motsawa cikin ruwa tare da taimakon babban ƙoshin lafiya.
Don numfasawa, eel na lantarki yana buƙatar iska mai yanayi, saboda haka lokaci-lokaci tana shawagi zuwa saman don ɗaukar wani numfashi. Amma zai iya zama cikin sauki ba tare da ruwa na wani lokaci ba, idan jikinshi ya wadatar sosai.
Eel din lantarki mai farauta ne, kuma a cikin mazauninsu na yau da kullun yana nuna hali mai tsanani, yana kai hari har ma da babban abokin gaba. Akwai shari'o'in da aka sani da yawa na mutumin da aka caje shi ta hanyar cajin lantarki wanda eel ya saki. Idan mutum karami ne, to irin wannan tasirin baya haifar da haɗari ga rayuwar ɗan adam, amma yana haifar da rashin sani, abubuwan da ba su da daɗi da ciwo. Babban eel wanda ke samar da ƙarfi na yanzu yana iya haifar da mummunan lahani ga mutum, don haka saduwa da shi yana da haɗari sosai.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Kifin eel na lantarki
Bayyanar eel na lantarki sau da yawa ana kwatanta shi da na maciji. Kamancin ya ta'allaka ne da sifa mai tsayi na jiki da hanyan motsi. Jikin igiyar ba shi da sikeli. Yana da laushi gabadaya kuma an lullube shi da laka. Yanayi ya baiwa eel din lantarki da kamanni na halitta a cikin yanayin launin ruwan kasa-kore, wanda kwata-kwata ba a iya saninsa a cikin ruwa mai laka da bangon laka - a cikin mazaunin da aka fi so da waɗannan kifin.
Kyakkyawan fin da ke cikin bayan jiki yana da alhakin motsi na eel na lantarki. Morearin ƙananan ƙananan ƙafafun kafa biyu suna aiki azaman masu daidaita motsi. Kifin ba shi da fuka-fuka, ko dorsal, ko kuma fincin kaho. Eel din lantarki babban kifi ne. Jikinta yakai kimanin mita daya da rabi, matsakaicin mutum yakai kimanin kilo 20. Amma kuma akwai mutane masu mita uku da nauyinsu ya kai kilogiram 40.
Sabanin takwarorinta na karkashin ruwa, eel yana numfashi ba wai kawai oxygen mai narkewa a cikin ruwa ba, har ma da iskar yanayi. A saboda wannan dalili, ana tilasta shi ya fito kowane minti goma sha biyar (ko fiye da haka) zuwa farfajiyar don ɗaukar wani numfashi. Tunda ramin baka ne yake daukar mafi yawan iskar oxygen (kusan 80%), a yayin juyin halitta, wani ƙwayar mucous wanda yake da ƙamshin turare an ƙirƙira shi a cikin bakin bakin ƙugu. Sauran 20% na karɓar iskar oxygen ana bayar da su ta gill. Idan an toshe eel din zuwa iskar da ke sararin samaniya, to yakan shaka.
Amma babban fasalin wannan kifin shine samarda wutar lantarki daga nau'ikan iko daban-daban. A jikin eel na lantarki, akwai wasu gabobi na musamman da ke da alhakin samar da lantarki. Don tsabta, zaku iya tunanin eel a cikin sigar lantarki "baturi", ƙwanƙolin tabbatacce wanda yake a yankin kai, mummunan sanda a yankin wutsiya.
Thearfin wutar lantarki, mita da kuma fa'idar bugun jini da aka samar sun bambanta dangane da manufar su:
- kewayawa;
- sadarwa;
- maimaitawa;
- Bincike;
- hari;
- kamun kifi;
- kariya.
Mafi ƙarancin ƙarfin yanzu - ƙasa da 50 V - an sake bugawa don bincika da gano ganima, matsakaici - kusan 300-650 V - yayin hari.
Inda lantarki ke zaune
Hotuna: Eel na lantarki a cikin ruwa
Wutar lantarki suna yaduwa a yankin arewa maso gabashin Kudancin Amurka, a cikin Amazon. Suna zaune a cikin Amazon kanta, da Kogin Orinoco, da raginsu da kwalliyar kwalliya. Kifi galibi suna rayuwa cikin ruwa mai laka da laka tare da wadataccen ciyayi. Baya ga koguna da rafuka, suna kuma zama cikin tafkunan fadama. Duk mazauninsu suna da ƙarancin abun cikin oxygen. Sabili da haka, eels da aka karɓa a matsayin kyauta daga ɗabi'a ikon daidaitawa don shayar da iskar oxygen ta cikin baki a saman ruwa.
A yayin daidaitawa zuwa mazaunin laka da laka, eel ɗin lantarki ya haɓaka wasu ƙwarewa na musamman. Matsakaicin iyakantaccen iyaka, misali, an shawo kanshi ta hanyar ikon sadarwa mara ƙarfi na lantarki. Don iyakance yanki da bincika abokan tarayya, da kuma fuskantarwa, dabbobi suna amfani da gabobin lantarki.
Eel din lantarki yana rayuwa ne kawai a cikin ruwa mai tsabta, kamar yadda yawancin yawancin abincin da yake da shi. Wannan "kwanciya dankalin turawa" ba safai yake canza wurin zama ba idan akwai wadataccen abinci a yankin da aka zaɓa. Koyaya, lura da halayyar eel din lantarki yayin lokacin saduwa ya nuna cewa mutane na iya barin wuraren da suka saba, yin ritaya zuwa wuraren da ba za a iya shiga ba yayin sadarwar, kuma su dawo tare da offspringa alreadyan da suka riga suka girma.
Yanzu kun san inda eel ɗin lantarki yake zaune. Bari muga me zai ci.
Menene eel na lantarki ke ci?
Photo: lantarki eel
Babban abincin da ake amfani da eel na lantarki ya kunshi rayuwar ruwan teku mai matsakaici.:
- kifi;
- 'yan amshi;
- kayan kwalliya;
- kifin kifi
Sau da yawa ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa har ma da tsuntsaye suna zuwa wurinsa don cin abincin rana. Yaran dabbobi ba sa raina ƙwari, kuma manya sun fi son abinci mai ban sha'awa.
Yunwa, ƙwanƙolin ya fara iyo, yana fitar da raunin ƙarfi na lantarki tare da ƙarfin da bai fi 50 V ba, yana ƙoƙarin gano fluan canjin canjin raƙuman ruwa da zai iya cin amanar kasancewar wata mai rai. Neman yiwuwar ganima, yana ƙaruwa da ƙarfi zuwa 300-600 V, gwargwadon girman wanda aka azabtar da kai masa hari da gajerun fitattun lantarki. A sakamakon haka, wanda aka azabtar ya shanye, kuma duhu zai iya ma'amala da shi cikin natsuwa. Yana haɗiye ganima gaba ɗaya, bayan haka ya ɗan ɗauki lokaci a cikin yanayin rashin motsi, yana narkar da abinci.
Ofarfin girgizar wutar lantarki da ƙirar ta kerawa ana daidaita ta yadda za a tilasta wa abin farauta barin mafaka. Dabarar ita ce, wutar lantarki tana kunna mahaɗan motsin wanda aka azabtar don haka yana haifar da motsi ba da son rai ba. Eel din lantarki yana da dukkanin rumbunan adana kayan lantarki daban-daban, don haka yana samun nasarar jimre wannan aikin.
Don nazarin halaye na halayyar lantarki, masana kimiyya sun rarraba mataccen kifi tare da masu sarrafa wutar lantarki don yin shi, kamar ganimar gaske, ta juyo yayin fitowar, haifar da motsi a cikin ruwa. A cikin gwaje-gwaje daban-daban tare da irin waɗannan samfuran ganima, sun gano cewa yin jujjuyawar ya tabbatar da maƙasudin harin kan wanda aka yiwa rauni. Eels sun afkawa kifin ne kawai lokacin da yayi tasiri game da wutar lantarki. Sabanin haka, abubuwan gani, na sinadarai, ko abubuwan motsa rai, kamar motsi ruwa a cikin kifarwar kifi, bai cimma burinsu ba.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Eel na lantarki a cikin yanayi
Eel na lantarki wata halitta ce mai saurin tashin hankali. A wata 'yar alamar hatsari, yakan fara kai hare hare, koda kuwa babu wata babbar barazana ga rayuwarsa. Bugu da ƙari, tasirin fitowar wutar lantarki da yake fitarwa ba wai kawai ga takamaiman manufa ba, har ma ga dukkan rayayyun halittu waɗanda suka sami kansu cikin kewayon tasirin lantarki.
Yanayi da halaye na eel na lantarki suma ana ƙaddara su da mazauninsu. Ruwan laka mai cike da laka na koguna da tabkuna suna tilasta shi ya zama mai wayo kuma ya yi amfani da duk kayan aikin farautar sa don nema wa kansa abinci. A lokaci guda, kasancewar yana da ingantaccen tsarin samar da lantarki, eel yana cikin wani yanayi mai matukar alfanu fiye da sauran mazaunan karkashin ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Ganin eel na lantarki yana da rauni sosai wanda a zahiri baya amfani da shi, ya fi son yin yawo a sararin samaniya ta amfani da na'urori masu auna sigina na lantarki da ke ko'ina cikin jiki.
Masana kimiyya sun ci gaba da nazarin tsarin samar da makamashi ta wadannan halittu masu ban mamaki. Thousandsirƙiri na ɗaruruwan watts an ƙirƙira shi ta dubun wutar lantarki, ƙwayoyin tsoka waɗanda ke adana kuzari daga abinci.
Amma dabbar tana iya samar da raƙuman ruwa masu rauni, misali, yayin zaɓar abokin aure. Ba a san takamaiman ko ƙirar tana amfani da wutar lantarki yayin amfani da abokin tarayya, kamar yadda take yi don farautar kifi da ɓarna a cikin ruwa. Koyaya, sananne ne cewa dabbar tana amfani da wutar lantarki ba kawai don nakasawar kwatsam da kashe waɗanda aka kashe ba yayin farautar. Maimakon haka, yana amfani da su da gangan kuma yana yin amfani da su daidai yadda zai iya sarrafa abin da yake niyyarsa nesa.
Yana amfani da dabaru biyu: a gefe guda, yana haifar da damuwa na lantarki mai laushi don leken asirin ganimar sa, gano shi da karanta bayanan lantarki na burinta. A gefe guda, girgiza wutar lantarki babban makami ne a gare shi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Kifin eel na lantarki
Eels na lantarki suna neman abokin aure ta hanyar ƙaruwar wutar lantarki. Amma suna haifar da fitarwa ne kawai wanda mai yuwuwar kama shi a cikin ruwan da ke cikin matsala. Lokacin saduwa yawanci tsakanin Satumba ne zuwa Disamba. Mazajen sai suyi gini daga shuke-shuke kuma mata suna kwan ƙwai. Kusan akwai kwai kusan 1700 a cikin kama.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Yayin saduwa, fitarwa mai ƙarfi da ƙirar ba ta cutar abokin tarayya. Wannan yana nuna cewa suna da ikon kunnawa da kashe tsarin kariya daga girgiza lantarki.
Dukansu suna gadin gidansu da ƙwai, kuma daga baya - tsutsa, wasu lokuta sukan kai santimita goma tuni a lokacin ƙyanƙyashe. Fatar soya launin kore ne mai launi, iri-iri, tare da filayen marmara. Waɗanda suka soya waɗanda suka yi sa'a don ƙyanƙyashe sun fara cin sauran ƙwai. Saboda haka, bai fi kashi ɗaya bisa uku na soyayyen da ke rayuwa daga kamawar ƙwai 1,700 ba, sauran ƙwai suka zama abinci na farko ga abokan aikinsu.
Yaran dabbobi suna ciyarwa galibi akan ƙwayoyin cuta, waɗanda za'a iya samunsu a ƙasan. Yaran tsofaffi galibi suna cin abincin kifi, suna gane shi tare da raunin lantarki da rauni kuma yana gurguntar da abincin da ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai ƙarfi kafin haɗiyewa. Wani lokaci bayan haihuwa, lardin eel sun riga sun sami damar samar da wutar lantarki mara ƙarfi. Kuma samari sun fara rayuwa mai zaman kanta kuma sunyi ƙoƙarin farautar farauta tun suna da makonni da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Idan ka ɗauki soya, wanda yan kwanaki ne kawai da haihuwa, zaka iya jin ƙaiƙayi daga fitowar lantarki.
Abokan gaba na wutar lantarki
Photo: lantarki eel
Eel din lantarki yana da cikakkiyar kariya daga harin da kusan babu abokan gaba a cikin mazauninsu na yau da kullun. Akwai wasu sanannun sanannun rikice-rikicen eel na lantarki tare da kada da caimans. Wadannan mahautan ba sa damuwa da cin naman, amma dole ne su yi la'akari da irin karfinta na musamman don samar da iska mai karfi. Duk da tsananin kada da kaurin fatar kada, zasu iya cutar da koda babban dabba mai rarrafe.
Sabili da haka, yawancin dabbobin da ke karkashin ruwa da na ƙasa sun fi son kasancewa nesa da wuri daga wuraren da wutan lantarki ke rayuwa da kuma guje wa haɗuwa da su ta hanyar haɗari. Sakamakon girgizar wutar lantarki da ƙuƙwalwa ke fitarwa da gaske ba shi da daɗi sosai - daga shan inna na ɗan lokaci da raɗaɗin raɗaɗi har zuwa mutuwa. Ofarfin lalacewa kai tsaye ya dogara da ƙarfin fitarwa na lantarki.
Idan aka ba da waɗannan gaskiyar, ana iya ɗauka cewa babban abokin gaba na eel ɗin lantarki ya kasance kuma ya kasance mutum. Kodayake ba za a iya kiran naman wannan wakilin wakilin dabbobi na ruwa ba, abinci mai girman gaske.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Farauta don eel na lantarki matsala ce mai matukar wahala da haɗari, amma masunta da mafarauta sun sami hanyar asali ta kamun kifi. A wurin mafi girman tarin eels din lantarki a cikin ruwa mara zurfi, suna tuka karamin garken dabbobi - shanu ko dawakai. Waɗannan dabbobin suna haƙuri da wutar lantarki na ƙuƙwalwa maimakon nutsuwa. Lokacin da shanu suka daina guduwa a cikin ruwa suka huce, hakan na nufin kwarkwata sun gama kai harin su. Ba za su iya samar da wutar lantarki ba ƙarshe, motsawar hankali a hankali kuma, a ƙarshe, ya tsaya gaba ɗaya. A wannan lokacin an kama su, ba tare da tsoron samun wata mummunar lalacewa ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Kifin eel na lantarki
Tare da irin wannan babban yanki, yana da wuya a yanke hukunci kan ainihin girman yawan eel ɗin lantarki. A halin yanzu, a cewar kungiyar IUCN ta Kare Lafiya ta Duniya, ba a lissafa jinsunan a yankin da ke cikin hadari.
Duk da cewa wutar lantarki ba ta da makiya na zahiri kuma har yanzu ba ta fuskantar barazanar bacewa, abubuwa daban-daban na katsalandan din mutane a cikin yanayin halittar mazauninsu suna nuna wanzuwar wannan nau'in ga babbar barazana. Yawan kamun kifi ya sa hannun jarin kifi ya zama mai rauni. Musamman idan kayi la’akari da cewa yanayin halittun ruwa mai zafi a Kudancin Amurka suna da matukar damuwa ga ƙaramar tsangwama kuma ana iya lalata su koda da ƙaramar tsangwama.
Jikunan ruwa da mazaunansu suna fuskantar gubar mercury, waɗanda ba masu ƙarancin gwal suke amfani da shi ba don rarrabuwa daga zinare da abubuwan da ke kwararar kogi. A sakamakon haka, eel din lantarki, a matsayin mai cin nama a saman sarkar abinci, ya fi fuskantar hadari. Hakanan, ayyukan dam suna shafar mazaunin wutar lantarki ta hanyar canza tasirin ruwan.
Ayyukan WWF da TRAFFIC don kare tsirrai da dabbobin Amazon Kiyaye mazaunin dukkan nau'ikan dabbobi da tsirrai da ke cikin haɗari a cikin Amazon yana da cikakken fifiko. Saboda haka, WWF ta sanya kanta wata manufa a cikin shekaru goma masu zuwa don tabbatar da amincin yawancin halittu masu yawa na kogin Amazon na Brazil ta hanyar babbar hanyar sadarwa ta yankuna masu kariya.
Don cimma wannan, WWF tana aiki a matakai daban-daban don adana dajin Amazon. A matsayin wani bangare na shirin WWF, gwamnatin Brazil ta yi alkawarin a 1998 don kare kashi goma na gandun daji na Amazon na Brazil kuma ta ci gaba da ɗayan shirye-shiryen kiyayewa mafi girma a duniya, Tsarin Yankin Kare Yankin Amazon (ARPA). Aiwatar da wannan shirin yana da cikakken fifiko ga WWF. Gabaɗaya, shirin yakamata ya tabbatar da cikakkiyar kariya ta kadada miliyan 50 (kusan yankin Spain) na dazuzzuka da jikkunan ruwa.
Eel na lantarki - halitta ta musamman. Yana da kisa ba kawai don wakilan duniyar dabbobi ba, har ma ga mutane. Saboda shi ne ya fi cin zarafin mutane fiye da sanannen piranhas. Tana da irin wannan gagarumin tsarin kariyar kai wanda har karatun shi kawai don dalilan kimiyya yana da matukar wahala. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun ci gaba da lura da rayuwar waɗannan kifaye masu ban mamaki. Godiya ga tarin ilimin, mutane sun koya don kiyaye wannan babbar dabba a cikin fursuna. Kuma a gaban wadataccen yanayin rayuwa da isasshen abinci, eel na lantarki a shirye yake don zama tare da mutum, idan shi, bi da bi, ba ya nuna tashin hankali ko rashin girmamawa.
Ranar bugawa: 07/14/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 25.09.2019 a 18:26
