Karami amma mai hanzari da saurin kawowa sha'awakamar ƙaramin tsuntsu A cikin bayyanarsa, nan da nan mutum na iya gano asalin falsafa da yanayin farauta. Mai zurfin tunani, mai hangen nesa, masu kallon tsuntsaye da abubuwan birgewa, da kyakkyawan gudu mai sauri yana ba da 'yanci da rashin nauyi. Bari muyi nazarin wannan mutumin mai fuka fukai dalla-dalla, mai bayyana kamanninta, halayenta, sifofin rayuwarta da wuraren da aka fi so.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Cheglock
Abun sha'awa shine mai farauta mai laushi daga dangin falcon, wanda ke cikin umarnin Falconiformes da halittar falcons. A waje, abubuwan sha'awa suna kama da falcon, amma a rage girman. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan jinsi iri daya, wadanda a cikin sunayensu suke da kalmar "sha'awa", har ma ana hada su zuwa wani rukunin daban da ake kira Hypotriorchis. Daga cikin sifofin sifa na yau da kullun na wannan rukuni akwai dusar kankara mai duhu, kasancewar "bakakken bakaken fata" da tabo a bangaren ciki, wadanda suke jikin mutum.
Bidiyo: Cheglock
Wanda ya fara bayanin wannan nau'in tsuntsayen shine Bajamusheen masanin kimiyya, likita kuma masanin halitta Karl Linnaeus, wannan ya faru ne a 1758. Sunan jinsin "falcons" a cikin Latin yana kama da "falco" kuma a fassarar yana nufin "sikila", wanda yake da alaƙa kai tsaye da ƙuƙwarar ƙusoshin ƙira. Har yanzu ba a fahimci ma'anar kalmar "sha'awa" ba. Ma’aikatan Jami’ar Jiha ta Ilimin Moscow sun yi imanin cewa sunan tsuntsun ya fito ne daga Tsohuwar Rasha “chegl”, wanda ke nufin “na gaske, na farko.”
Akwai tsammani cewa irin wannan ƙimar tana nuna cewa wannan tsuntsu tana cikin sahun farauta tsuntsayen tsuntsaye - gyrfalcon, peregrine falcon, waɗanda ke da ƙanana girma idan aka kwatanta da falcons. Sabili da haka, abin sha'awa, yana adawa da irin waɗannan ƙananan falcons kamar jan kafa da kestrel, waɗanda ba a amfani da su a baya don farauta.
Hobby wani mafarauci ne mara gajiya kuma mai cin jini. Abu ne mai sauki ka rikita shi da falkin peregrine, bambance-bambance a cikin girma suke (falkin peregrine ya fi girma), raƙuman ruwa masu tsayi a kan ciki (a cikin fallon peregrine suna wucewa) da kuma inuwar jan kafafuwa. Maza masu sha'awa sun ɗan fi na mata ƙanana, nauyinsu ya bambanta daga 160 zuwa 200 gram, kuma tsawon jiki daga 32 zuwa 35 cm.Matan suna da nauyin daga gram 230 zuwa 250 kuma suna da tsayi daga 33 zuwa 37 cm.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Tsuntsun sha'awa
Shugaban abubuwan sha'awa na da kyau, yana da siffa mai jujjuya, mai kaifin gani, babba, zagaye, mai bayyana idanu masu launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ana bayyane akan sa. Ba za a iya kiran bakin tsuntsu mai ƙarfi ba, yana da matsakaici. Tawon fukai ma ƙanana ne, an rufe su da fuka-fukai a sama. Theafafun kafafu sanye suke da sirara amma doguwa masu kauri. Gabaɗaya, abubuwan nishaɗin suna da kyau sosai, tare da dogayen fuka-fuki waɗanda suke juyewa zuwa ƙarshen jelar. Kuma jelarsa doguwa ce mai kamanni.
Launi na jikin labulen sha'awar sha'awa yana da canzawa, ya dogara da shekarunta. Maza da mata kusan kusan kamanninsu ɗaya ne, don haka ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne a rarrabe tsakanin su ba. A lokacin yarinta, farin farin ya mamaye, wanda ke ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin kajin har zuwa makonni biyu da haihuwa. Sannan launin toka-toka suna bayyana a cikin suturar da sautin ocher a cikin ciki. Kusa da watan, launi yana bayyana sosai. A baya, ana nuna gashin fuka-fukai masu ruwan kasa, a yankin kai da gefen ciki, inuw ofyin launukan ocher ne suka yi nasara, kawai a tsaye ne kawai ake iya gani a cikin ciki. Bakin bakin yana da sautin launin toka-toka mai ɗanɗano a gindi. A kan ƙafafun rawanin rawaya, ƙusoshin ƙusoshin launuka masu duhu ana bayyane.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A shekara ta biyu ta rayuwa, rigar tsuntsu tana da ruwan kasa mai launin ruwan kasa, launuka masu launin toka a ciki a hankali suke gushewa, karkashin kasa da yankin kafafu suna samun launi iri daya kamar na tsofaffin tsuntsaye.
Ya kamata a lura cewa lokacin da aka sa shi a cikin launin gashin tsuntsu na sha'awa, wani sautin launin toka ya ɓace. Whitish streaks ya tsaya a bayan kai da wuyan tsuntsun. Kwaikwayon gashin-baki an zana shi a baki (ratsi mai duhu a karkashin idanu). A gefuna, a kan kirji da ciki, gashin fuka-fukai farare ne masu yalwar launuka masu duhu. A cikin yankin karkashin gwal da shins, wani jan kan mutum ya bayyana. Mutum yana jin cewa mai son sha'awa yana sanye da wando ja. Mace tana da tabarau masu ruwan kasa a kan jan baya, wanda kuma yake a gefen ciki na fikafikan.
A ina sha'awa take zaune?
Hoto: Mai son sha'awa a cikin jirgin
Cheglok ya yi sha'awar Eurasia da Arewacin Afirka, yana mamaye manyan yankuna a can.
Ya kamata a lura cewa ana samun wannan tsuntsu a kusan dukkanin nahiyoyi, tsuntsun yana zaune:
- Finland;
- Japan;
- Rasha;
- Vietnam;
- Himalayas;
- Sakhalin;
- Kuril da Tsibirin Burtaniya;
- Tunisia;
- Maroko;
- Spain;
- Asiya orarama;
- Mongoliya;
- Girka;
- Italiya.
Cheglok ya fi son gandun daji masu haske, canzawa tare da buɗe sabbin yankuna masu tudu da suka dace da farauta. Yana tanadin wuraren da yake gida a kusan duk gandun dajin tsohuwar Tarayyar Soviet, ban da arewacin taiga. Wannan tsuntsayen ya tsallaka Kudancin Asiya, gandun dajin yammacin Afirka, China da Indiya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gidajen nishaɗi gida a cikin gandun daji marasa ƙima, sun fi son zama ko dai a cikin gauraye masu yawa, ko a cikin dogayen, tsoffin, gandun daji.
Abubuwan nishaɗi ba sa son duka wuraren buɗewa gaba ɗaya da kuma kauri mara nauyi. Zai iya zaɓar gefen daji, bakin kogi, gefen marshlands. Akwai sanannun hujjoji game da watsewar wannan tsuntsayen kusa da gidajen mutane, amma wannan ba safai ake samun sa ba, tsuntsayen sun fi so su guji kusanci da mutane, suna kiyaye tsaka tsaki. A cikin tsaunukan dutse, zaku iya samun abin sha'awa wanda ke hawa zuwa kilomita 4 a tsayi, inda yake jin daɗi sosai. Idan mukayi magana game da ire-iren wadannan tsuntsayen, to zamu iya lura da mazauninsu, wanda yake halayyar kowane jinsi.
Masana kimiyya sun gano kawai ƙananan ƙananan abubuwan sha'awa, waɗannan sune:
- falco subbuteo subbuteo Linnaeus, wanda ke zaune a Turai, arewa maso yamma na nahiyar Afirka da dukkan sassan Asiya ban da kudu maso gabas. Ana ɗaukar wannan rukunin ƙasashe masu ƙaura; don lokacin sanyi, ya zaɓi Kudancin Asiya da Tsakiya da Afirka ta Kudu;
- falco subbuteo streichi Hartert und Neumann, ɗan asalin kudu maso gabashin Asiya, ƙananan ƙananan ƙasa ne.
Yanzu kun san inda mai sha'awar sha'awa ke zaune. Bari mu ga abin da wannan tsuntsun mai cin nama yake ci.
Menene sha'awa?
Hotuna: Cheglock a Rasha
Hobbyist ɗan farauta ne mara ƙarfi kuma mai gajiya wanda ke saurin kai hari ta iska. Manyan tsuntsaye da manyan kwari ne suka mamaye menu ɗinta. Game da kwari, abubuwan sha'awa na iya cin naman ƙwaro iri-iri, malam buɗe ido, mazari. Gwararan gari, tauraruwa, da wagtails sukan zama abincin tsuntsaye na abin sha'awa. Sau da yawa, mai farauta mai fuka-fukai yakan sauka kusa da wuraren baƙinciki na baƙuwar swifts da haɗiya, wanda shi ma yake son ci a matsayin abun ciye-ciye.
Chaglok yana da sha'awar farauta tun da yamma, lokacin da magariba ta gabato, don haka sau da yawa yakan haɗu da jemagu, wanda kuma ya zama kyakkyawan abincin dare. Babban maigidan yana kama ganima yayin azumi da haɗin kai, yana kama shi daidai cikin iska. Yana da ƙwarewa sosai, mai dagewa da hanzari, don haka yana iya kama duk wani abun ciye-ciye da yake so.
Idan abin farauta, bisa ma'aunin sha'awa, ya fi nauyi, to sai ya ɗauke shi zuwa itacen da ke kusa, inda abincin yake a cikin rassa. Mai farauta ya haɗiye kwari daidai cikin gudu. Wasu lokuta ƙananan beraye da kadangaru suna zamewa cikin abincin sha'awa, amma ana iya kiran irin wannan ganima bazuwar, saboda ana yin farauta a cikin iska, saboda kamun ƙasa ga tsuntsu yana da matukar wahala.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Tsuntsaye na sha'awar sha'awa
Ana iya kiran nishaɗi sosai da hannu, mai aiki da nutsuwa. Bugu da kari, yana da matukar tauri, zalunci da nuna taurin kai. Ba ya son sauran tsuntsaye, hatta danginsa na kusa. Tashin hankalinsa ba shi da alaƙa da gaskiyar cewa akwai ƙaramin abinci, kawai yana da irin wannan faɗa ne ba mai halin kirki ba. Tsuntsayen da suka tashi sama zuwa wurin shakatawar mai son sha'awa tabbas ba zasu yi kyau ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Bayan sun hango wani tsuntsu a nan kusa, to wannan abun sha'awa nan take zai fara fada dashi. Immediatelyananan tsuntsaye ana ɗaukar su nan da nan ta masu sha'awar sha'awa a matsayin abun ciye-ciye. Tabbas, ba zai yuwu a kama kowa ba, amma zai sanya babban ƙoƙari ga wannan.
Kyakkyawan kallo, hudawa da "gashin-baki" a fusace ya sanya bayyanar sha'awar ta ɗan razana kuma ya zama mai tsananin gaske. Chaglok, wanda ya zauna kusa da gonaki kuma ya yi noma, ya ba da babban sabis ga mutane ta hanyar cin ƙananan tsuntsayen da ke ɗora musu amfanin gona. Fuka mai fuka-fuki ya keɓe wani yanki don farauta, wanda yake kishi ya kiyaye shi daga duk baƙin da ba a gayyata ba. Yawancin lokaci akwai yanki na tsaka tsaki tsakanin makircin sha'awa. Farauta tana faruwa a cikakkiyar kaɗaici a wani tsayi babba. Jirgin sha'awar yana da sauri da sauri, ana maye gurbin saurin fuka-fukai da sannu-sannu. Ya kamata a sani cewa yin shawagi ba irin wadannan tsuntsayen bane; yayin tashi, fukafukan da ke yaduwa na masu sha'awar sha'awa suna kama da sikila.
Masana kimiyyar halittar jiki sun tabbatar da cewa yanayi ya baiwa sha'awa sosai da taka tsan-tsan, saboda haka duk kwaron da ke tsakanin mita dari biyu ba zai buya ga mai farautar ba. Ba za ku iya kiran mai son sha'awa ba, shi, akasin haka, yana da shiru sosai. Damuwarsa kawai ta wuce hankali wani lokaci ana tare da wani kaifi mai ƙarfi, na ba zato ba tsammani, na yau da kullun, na al'ada ga duk dangin falcon.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Cheglock
Lokacin bikin aure na chaglok ya faɗi a ƙarshen Afrilu - farkon Mayu. A wannan lokacin na rikita-rikita ga tsuntsaye, mutum na iya lura da zagawar ma'aurata masu fuka-fuka a cikin iska, inda suke yin dabaru da dabaru iri-iri. A yayin wannan raye-rayen soyayya, masu sha'awar sha'awa suna iya dawo da junan su daidai lokacin da suke tashi, yayin da suke bayyana wurin su da kuma tausayin abokin su.
Masu sha'awar sha'awa ba sa gina sheƙarsu, suna yin ƙwai a cikin wasu gurbi na wasu tsuntsayen, kuma wani lokacin ba tare da jituwa ba suna korar tsuntsaye daga wurin da suke so. Masu sha'awar sha'awa suna neman gida gida waɗanda suke saman ƙasa.
Hanyar zabar gida gurguwa ce matuka, saboda wannan ana la'akari da wasu dalilai:
- kasancewar tushen ruwa na kusa (kogi, rafi);
- wuri a cikin gidan shuken daji na dazuzzuka;
- ganowa kusa da wuraren buɗe filayen ko ciyawar da ake buƙata don farauta.
Ma'auratan masu sha'awar sha'awa daga wasu tsuntsaye suna kiyaye yankin da aka zaɓa a hankali, suna lura da shi daga wani gida wanda yake a tsawan sama (daga mita 10 zuwa 30). Mace na fara aiwatar da kwan ƙwai ko dai a ƙarshen Mayu ko a Yuli, duk ya dogara da yanayin zafin yanayi. Gida na iya ƙunsar daga ƙwai uku zuwa shida, waɗanda girman su ya bambanta daga 3 zuwa 3. cm 3. Lokacin shiryawa yana ɗaukar cikin wata ɗaya. Mace duk wannan lokacin tana warke ƙwai da jikinta, kuma mahaifin na gaba zai ɗauke mata abinci.
Yaran da aka haifa a waje basa kamannin iyayensu, suna lulluɓe da farin farin farin, don haka suna buƙatar dumin mahaifiya da farko, dole ne uba yayi farauta shi kaɗai, yana ciyar da yara duka, da abokin tarayya, da kuma shi kansa. Yara jarirai suna girma da sauri, suna samun ƙarfi kuma suna da nauyi. Ba da daɗewa ba suka fara aikin narkewa na farko kuma, tuni sun cika wata ɗaya, fara jiragen sama masu zaman kansu. Da farko, dabbobin samari basu da laulayi da zafin nama, saboda haka magabata masu kulawa suna ciyar dasu koyaushe.
Duk tsawon lokacin bazara, Hobbies suna zaune ne cikin babban dangi na abokantaka. Sai da shigowar kaka, balagaggen matashin ya tashi don saduwa da balaga, ya bar gidajansa yana rugawa zuwa wuraren hunturu. Ya kamata a kara da cewa ana iya daukar masu sha'awar motsa jiki masu dogon rai, saboda dabi'a ta ba su wani tsawon rayuwa, daga shekara 17 zuwa 20, amma wannan ba shi ne iyaka ba. Akwai bayani game da masu sha'awar sha'awa waɗanda suka rayu tsawon kwata na ƙarni.
Abokan gaba na Sha'awar
Hoto: Tsuntsun sha'awa
Duk da cewa sha'awar ita ce tsuntsu mai matsakaiciya, amma a zahiri ba ta da makiya a cikin daji. A bayyane, wannan yana faruwa ne saboda dalilai da yawa. Da fari dai, kusan tsuntsayen ba sa isa gare shi, rukunin gidajensa yana da tsayi sosai, kuma mai son sha'awa kansa yana tsaye a cikin iska na lokaci mai yawa.
Abu na biyu, kar ka manta cewa wannan, da farko, mafarauci ne kuma yana da yanayi mai karfin gaske da manufa. Abu na uku, halin sha'awar ba kyauta ba ne. Halinsa na ban tsoro, mai ban sha'awa da rashin aminci yana tsoratar da yawancin masu son rashin lafiya. Abu na hudu, bai dace ba, saurin aiki, saurin aiki da saurin wannan tsuntsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu sha'awar sha'awa suna amfani da jiragen ƙasa a matsayin mataimaka a farautar su. Saurin tafiyar su zai iya wuce jirgin da ke motsawa. Yawo a bayansa, abin sha'awa yana kama tsuntsaye, wanda rurin jirgin yana tashi daga keɓantattun wurare.
A cikin tafukan duk wani fata-fata, mafi yawan lokuta, cutar ta raunana su, tsuntsaye tsofaffi ko dabbobin da ba su da kwarewa. Tare da mutane, mai son sha'awa yana riƙe tsaka tsaki, yana fifita kada ya tuntuɓi kai tsaye. Amma mutum, duk da haka, ana iya sa shi a cikin maƙiyan wannan tsuntsu mai alfahari, saboda a fakaice yana shafar rayuwarta lokacin da ta mamaye wuraren da za a tura ta dindindin, ta tarwatsa tsuntsayen daga yankunan da ake zaune, ta gudanar da ayyukan tattalin arziki mara ƙarewa, yanke dazuzzuka, ya munana yanayin muhalli gaba ɗaya. Duk waɗannan ayyukan suna shafar rayuwar abubuwan sha'awa, da ma sauran wakilan dabbobin daji.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Tsuntsu mai son sha'awa a Rasha
Mai son nishadi da son rai mai zaman kansa yana zaune a jihohi da nahiyoyi daban-daban, yana yin ƙaura mai tsayi yayin hunturu. Ana iya samun tsuntsun a cikin girman yankin Afirka, Asiya da Turai. An yi sa'a, a wannan lokaci lokaci, yawan wannan birni mai ban tsoro mai farauta ba shi da wata barazana, lambobinta sun kasance masu karko kuma a matakin da ya dace. Akwai tabbatattun bayanai cewa yawan masu sha'awar sha'awa daidai yake da nau'i-nau'i miliyan uku, saboda haka wannan nau'in falcon baya buƙatar matakan kariya na musamman kuma ba a lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Ja ba.
Tabbas, akwai mummunan tasirin tasirin halittar da ke shafar mahimmin aikin wadannan tsuntsaye na ganima. Manyan sune rage wuraren da ake tura tsuntsaye na dindindin saboda ayyukan mutane daban-daban: gina birane, shimfida manyan hanyoyi, mamaye kasa don bukatun noma, sare bishiyoyi, da gurbatar mahalli na tsuntsaye. Duk wannan yana da mummunan tasiri, amma ba shi da tasiri mai yawa a kan yawan masu sha'awar sha'awa; har yanzu akwai da yawa daga cikinsu, waɗanda ba za su iya yin farin ciki ba. Babban abu shine nan gaba yawan wadannan tsuntsayen dawa basu fuskantar wata barazanar ta daban da zata kai su ga layin lalatattu.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in ƙara cewa hoopoe yana da 'yancin kansa, yana da sauri da kuma ƙarfin hali, ba don komai ba ne a baya ana amfani da shi azaman tsuntsayen ganima lokacin farautar kwarto, kogwanni, da lark. Hobbyhorse cikin nasara ya bada kansa ga horo da horo, wanda ke nufin cewa shi mai wayo ne kuma mai saurin hankali, kuma halin rashin nutsuwa da saurin fushi ne kawai ke taimakawa cikin farautar farauta. Gabaɗaya, wannan mafarautan yana kawo fa'ida mai yawa, yana zama kusa da ƙasar noma, saboda tana cin aan ƙananan tsuntsaye da yawa waɗanda ke haifar da cutarwa ga amfanin gona.
Ranar bugawa: 12.07.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/24/2019 da karfe 22:16
