Kerkeci na Marsupial Yanzu ya zama lalataccen ɗan ƙasar Australiya, ɗayan sanannun marsupials masu cin nama, tunda ya samo asali kusan shekaru miliyan 4. An kama dabba ta ƙarshe da aka sani a cikin 1933 a Tasmania. An san shi da yawa a matsayin Damisa na Tasmaniya don ƙwanƙwasa ƙashin bayanta, ko kerk wci na Tasmaniya don kaddarorin canine.
Kerkeci marsupial yana daya daga cikin dabbobin da suka shahara a duniya. Amma duk da sanannen sa, yana daya daga cikin mafi karancin jinsi na asalin Tasmania. Mazaunan Turai sun ji tsoron sa don haka suka kashe shi. Onlyarni ne kawai bayan zuwan fararen baƙi kuma an kawo dabbar zuwa ga halaka. Za a iya samun cikakken bayani game da mutuwar kerkeci na kaboge a nan.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Marsupial kerkolfci
Kerkecin zamani na zamani ya bayyana kimanin shekaru miliyan 4 da suka gabata. Jinsin gidan Thylacinidae suna cikin farkon Miocene. Tun a farkon shekarun 1990, an gano nau'ikan dabbobin bakwai da aka gano a wani yanki na Lawn Hill National Park da ke arewa maso yammacin Queensland. Dixon mauludin kerkeci (Nimbacinus dicksoni) shine mafi tsufa daga cikin kasusuwa bakwai da aka gano, tun shekaru miliyan 23 da suka gabata.
Bidiyo: Marsupial kerkolfci
Jinsin ya yi yawa sosai fiye da danginsa na gaba. Mafi girman nau'ikan, mai karfin kerkeci (Thylacinus potens), wanda ya kai kusan girman kerkeci, shine kadai jinsin da ya rayu a ƙarshen Miocene. A ƙarshen Pleistocene da farkon Holocene, nau'ikan ƙarshen kerkeci sun yadu (duk da cewa ba su da yawa) a Australia da New Guinea.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin 2012, alaƙar dake tsakanin bambancin halittar halittar kerkeci na wucin-gadi kafin a yi nazarin su. Sakamakon ya nuna cewa na karshe na kerkeci, ban da barazanar dingo, yana da iyakoki iri-iri saboda cikakken kewayon kasa daga kasar Ostiraliya. Karin bincike ya tabbatar da cewa raguwar bambancin kwayoyin ya fara ne tun kafin zuwan mutane cikin Ostiraliya.
Kerkeci na Tasmaniya ya nuna misalin irin wannan juyin halitta ga dangin Canidae na arewacin duniya: hakora masu kaifi, muƙamuƙai masu ƙarfi, duga-dugai, da sifar jikin mutum ɗaya. Tun da kerkecin marsupial ya mallaki irin wannan mahallin muhalli a Ostiraliya kamar dangin kare a wani wuri, ya haɓaka halaye da yawa iri ɗaya. Duk da wannan, dabi'arta ta sararin samaniya ba ta haɗuwa da ɗayan dabbobin da ke cin abincin mahaifa na Arewacin emasar.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Marsupial, ko kerkitocin Tasmaniyya
An samo kwatancin kerkit din marsiyya daga samfuran da suka rage, burbushin, fatu da kwarangwal, da hotunan baki da fari da kuma bayanai akan tsoffin fina-finai. Dabbar ta yi kama da wani babban kare mai gajeren gashi tare da duwawu mai kauri, wanda ke mikewa a hankali cikin jiki, kamar kangaroo. Misalin da ya balaga yana da tsayin 100 zuwa 130 cm, haɗe da jela daga 50 zuwa 65 cm. Girman nauyi daga 20 zuwa 30 kg. Akwai ɗan ƙaramar lalata.
Duk wasu sanannun hotunan wulakanci wadanda aka yi fim dinsu a Hobart Zoo, Tasmania, amma akwai wasu fina-finai guda biyu da aka zana a gidan Zoo na London. Gashin rawaya mai launin ruwan kasa na dabba yana da halaye masu duhu iri 15 zuwa 20 a baya, gutsure da gindin wutsiya, saboda abin da suka sami laƙabin "damisa". Yaran sun fi bayyana a cikin samari kuma sun ɓace yayin da dabbar ta balaga. Ofaya daga cikin raƙuman ya faɗi a bayan cinya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Kerkeci na Marsupial suna da muƙamuƙai masu kaifi tare da hakora 46, kuma ƙafafunku sanye suke da baƙuwar ƙafa. A cikin mata, jakar yarinta ta kasance a bayan wutsiya kuma tana da fata na fata wacce ke rufe ƙwarjin mammary huɗu.
Gashi a jikinshi mai kauri ne da laushi, yakai tsawon 15 mm. Launin launin ya kasance daga launin ruwan kasa mai haske zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu, kuma cikin ciki cream ne a launi. Kunun kunnan mahaɗan maƙalai masu tsayi kusan tsayi 8 cm an rufe su da gajeriyar fur. Hakanan suna da wutsiyoyi masu kauri, masu kauri da ƙananan muzzles masu kaifin baki tare da gashin hanu 24 masu ma'ana. Suna da alamun farin a kusa da idanu da kunnuwa da kewayen leben na sama.
Yanzu kun sani ko kerkecin marsup ya mutu ko a'a. Bari mu ga inda kyarkeken Tasmaniya ya rayu.
A ina ne kerkeci marsupial ya zauna?
Photo: Marsupial kerkvesci
Wataƙila dabbar ta fi son busasshiyar gandun dajin eucalyptus, dausayi da filayen babban yankin Ostiraliya. Abubuwan da aka sassaka na dutsen a Ostiraliya sun nuna cewa thylacin ya rayu ko'ina cikin yankin Australia da New Guinea. Hujja game da kasancewar dabbar a doron kasa ita ce gawar da aka zube wacce aka gano a cikin wani kogo a Nullarbor Plain a 1990. Kwanan nan da aka binciko sawun burbushi kuma yana nuni da yadda aka rarraba jinsunan a tsibirin Kangaroo.
An yi imanin cewa an rarraba asalin yanayin kerkusai, wanda aka fi sani da Tasmanian ko thylacins:
- zuwa mafi yawan ƙasashen Australiya;
- Papua New Guinea;
- arewa maso yamma na Tasmania.
An tabbatar da wannan zangon ta hanyar zane daban-daban na kogo, kamar waɗanda Wright ya samo a cikin 1972, da kuma tarin kasusuwa waɗanda aka taɓa amfani da su a cikin rediyo a shekara 180 da ta gabata. Sananne ne cewa ƙarshen ƙarshen kerkeci shine Tasmania, inda aka farautar su har suka mutu.
A Tasmania, ya fifita yankunan tsakiyar bishiyun daji da gandun dajin bakin teku, wanda daga karshe ya zama babban wurin da yayan Burtaniya suke neman makiyaya ga dabbobinsu. Launi mai taguwar, wanda ke ba da sutura a cikin yanayin gandun daji, daga ƙarshe ya zama babban hanyar gano dabba. Kerkecin marsupial yana da tsarin gida na 40 zuwa 80².
Me kerkeci mai cin ruwa yake ci?
Hotuna: Tasmaniyanci marsupial kerkolfci
Kerketai na duniyar Mars sun kasance masu cin nama. Wataƙila, a wani lokacin, ɗayan jinsin da suka ci shine nau'ikan nau'ikan emu. Tsuntsu ne babba, wanda ba ya tashi sama wanda ya raba mazaunin kerk wci kuma mutane da destroyedan dabbobin da suka ɓarnatar da shi suka lalata shi a kusan 1850, wanda yayi daidai da ragewar thylacine. Mazaunan Turai sun yi imani da cewa kerk wci na marsiyya ya cinye tumaki da kaji na manoma.
Ana bincika samfuran kasusuwa daga layin dawa na Tasmanian, an ga ragowar:
- wallaby;
- gurguzu;
- echidnas;
- zufa;
- mahaifa;
- kangaroo;
- emu.
An gano cewa dabbobi za su cinye wasu sassan jikin ne kawai. Dangane da wannan, wani tatsuniya ya tashi cewa sun fi son shan jini. Koyaya, sauran sassan waɗannan dabbobin suma sun cinye ta kerk maci, kamar hanta da kitse na koda, ƙwayoyin hancin hanci, da wasu ƙwayoyin tsoka. ...
Gaskiya mai dadi: A cikin karni na 20, galibi ana nuna shi a matsayin mai shan jini. A cewar Robert Paddle, shaharar wannan labarin ga alama ta samo asali ne daga labarin hannu na biyu kawai Jeffrey Smith (1881-1916) da aka ji a cikin gidan makiyaya.
Wani dan daji dan kasar Australiya ya gano ramin wata kerkuku ne, rabinsa cike da kasusuwa, gami da na dabbobin gona kamar su 'yan maruƙa da tumaki. An shaidi cewa a cikin daji wannan masarautar tana cin abin da ya kashe ne kawai kuma ba zai taba komawa inda aka yi kisan ba. A cikin bauta, kerketai marsupial sun ci nama.
Nazarin tsarin kwarangwal da abubuwan lura da kerkecin da aka kama ya nuna cewa mai farauta ne. Ya fi so ya ware wani dabba ya bi shi har sai da ya gama ƙarewa. Koyaya, mafarautan yankin sun ba da rahoton cewa sun lura da wani farauta daga kwanton bauna. Dabbobin na iya yin farauta a cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyin dangi, tare da babban rukunin da ke tuƙin abinsu zuwa wata hanya, inda maharin ya yi kwanton bauna.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Ostiraliya marsupial kerkolfci
Yayin tafiya, kerkeci na marsupial zai riƙe kansa ƙasa kamar hound yana neman ƙanshi, kuma zai tsaya ba zato ba tsammani ya lura da yanayin tare da ɗaga kansa sama. A gidajen zoo, waɗannan dabbobin suna yin biyayya ga mutane kuma basu mai da hankali ga mutanen da suke tsaftace ƙwayoyinsu ba. Wanda hakan ke nuni da cewa rabin hasken rana ya makantar dasu. A mafi yawan lokuta a lokutan haske, kerkeci sun sake komawa gidajensu, inda suke kwance kamar karnuka.
Game da motsi, a cikin 1863 an yi rubuce-rubuce yadda wata kyarkyata 'yar Tasmania ba tare da himma ta yi tsalle zuwa saman raƙuminta na keji ba, zuwa tsayin mita 2-2.5 a cikin iska. Na farko shi ne yawo na shuke-shuke, halayyar mafi yawan dabbobi masu shayarwa, wanda akasin haka gabbai da gabobi ke motsawa daban-daban, amma kyarketai na Tasmania sun banbanta ta yadda suke amfani da dukkan kafar, suna barin dogon diddige ya taba kasa. Wannan hanyar ba ta dace da gudu sosai ba. An ga kerketunan Marsupial suna jujjuya hannayensu lokacin da matashin kai kawai ya taɓa ƙasa. Dabbar sau da yawa takan tsaya a ƙafafuwanta na baya tare da ɗaga gabanta sama, ta amfani da wutsiyarsa don daidaitawa.
Gaskiya Mai Farin Ciki: Ba a daɗe da rubuce-rubuce da yawa a kan mutane. Wannan kawai ya faru ne lokacin da aka kai hari ko kusurwa. An lura cewa suna da ƙarfi sosai.
Thilacin ya kasance maharbi ne mai tsakar dare da maraice wanda yake yini a cikin ƙananan kogwanni ko bishiyun bishiyoyi a cikin gida na rassa, baƙi, ko ferns. Da rana, yawanci yakan nemi mafaka a kan tsaunuka da daji, kuma da daddare yana farauta. Masu lura da farko sun lura cewa dabbar yawanci tana da kunya kuma tana da sirri, tare da sanin kasancewar mutane kuma yana gujewa hulɗa, kodayake wani lokacin yakan nuna halaye na bincike. A wancan lokacin, akwai babban nuna wariya game da "muguwar" dabi'ar wannan dabbar.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Tasmaniyanci marsupial kerkolfci
Kerketai na Tasmania dabbobin ɓoye ne kuma ba a fahimci yadda suke wasa da juna ba. Maza da mata kerkeci guda daya ne kawai aka yi rikodin kama ko aka kashe tare. Wannan ya sa masana kimiyya suka yi tunanin cewa sun haɗu ne kawai don saduwa, amma in ba haka ba sun kasance masu cin kaɗaici. Koyaya, kuma yana iya nuna auren mata daya.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: kerk Marsci na Marsupial kawai sun yi nasara sau ɗaya a cikin fursuna a gidan zoo na Melbourne a cikin 1899. Tsawon rayuwarsu a cikin daji shekaru 5 zuwa 7, kodayake a cikin samammen fursunoni sun rayu har zuwa shekaru 9.
Kodayake akwai ɗan bayanai kaɗan game da halayen su, amma an san cewa a kowane lokaci, mafarautan sun ɗauki yawancin karnuka tare da iyayensu mata a watan Mayu, Yuli, Agusta da Satumba. A cewar masana, lokacin kiwo ya kai kimanin watanni 4 kuma an raba shi da tazarar watanni 2. An ɗauka cewa mace ta fara saduwa a cikin damina kuma tana iya karɓar zubin na biyu bayan ganyen farko. Wasu kafofin sun nuna cewa haihuwar na iya faruwa koyaushe a cikin shekara, amma sun mai da hankali ne a cikin watannin bazara (Disamba-Maris). Ba a san lokacin haihuwa ba.
Mata na kerketai na marsupial sun yi ƙoƙari sosai don haɓaka 'ya'yansu. An yi rikodin cewa za su iya kulawa da jarirai 3-4 a lokaci guda, waɗanda uwa ke ɗauke da su a cikin jaka da ke kallon baya har sai ba za su iya dacewa da can ba. Joananan farin cikin ba gashi kuma makafi, amma idanunsu a buɗe suke. Thean kwalliyar sun manne kan nonuwanta guda huɗu. An yi imanin cewa ƙananan yara sun kasance tare da iyayensu mata har sun kasance aƙalla rabin manya kuma an rufe su da gashi gaba ɗaya a wannan lokacin.
Makiyan makiya na kerkeci
Hotuna: Karkashin daji na kerk wci
Daga cikin dukkan mahara dabbobin daji a cikin yankin Australasia, kerkeci marsup sun kasance mafi girma. Ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawun ƙwarewa da ƙwararrun mafarauta. Kyarketai na Tasmaniyya, wadanda asalinsu ya samo asali tun zamanin da, an dauke su daya daga cikin manyan masu cin karensu ba babbaka a jerin kayan abinci, wanda hakan ya sanya ba za ta iya farautar wannan dabbar ba kafin zuwan Turawa.
Duk da wannan, an sanya kerkeci marsup a matsayin dadaddun mutane saboda farautar da mutane ke yi. Ana samun sauƙin gano farautar alherin da Gwamnati ta amince da shi a cikin rayayyun tarihin tarihi na cin zarafin dabbobi. A ƙarshen ƙarni na 18 da farkon ƙarni na 19, kisan gillar abin da mutane suka ɗauka a matsayin "mai aikata mugunta" ya mamaye kusan dukkanin jama'ar. Gasar ɗan adam ta gabatar da nau'ikan haɗari kamar karnukan dingo, dawakai, da sauransu waɗanda suka yi gasa tare da 'yan ƙasar don abinci. Wannan lalacewar kerkecin na Tasmaniya ya tilasta dabbar ta shawo kan batun. Wannan ya haifar da halaka ɗayan ɗayan marsupials mafi ban mamaki na Australia.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Wani binciken da aka gudanar a shekara ta 2012 ya nuna cewa idan ba don tasirin annobar cutar ba, da ƙarancin kerkeci zai kasance mafi kyawun kiyayewa kuma mafi munin jinkiri.
Wataƙila dalilai da yawa sun taimaka wajen raguwa da ƙarewa daga ƙarshe, gami da gasa tare da karnukan daji waɗanda baƙi suka shigo da su, yashewar muhalli, ƙarancin nau'in dabbobi masu cutarwa da cututtukan da suka shafi dabbobin Australia da yawa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: warshen kerkeci na ƙarshe
Dabbar ta zama da wuya sosai a ƙarshen 1920s. A cikin 1928, Kwamitin Ba da Shawara na Fauna na Yankin Tasmaniyya ya ba da shawarar ƙirƙirar ajiyar yanayi, kwatankwacin Lambun Kogin na Savage, don kare kowane mutum da ya rage, tare da wuraren da za a iya samun wurin zama mai kyau. Kerkeci na ƙarshe da aka sani da aka kashe a cikin daji an kashe shi a cikin 1930 ta hanyar Wilf Batty, wani manomi daga Maubanna a jihar arewa maso yammacin.
Gaskiyar wasa: Karnin kerkutu na karshe da aka kama, mai suna "Biliyaminu", ya kasance cikin tarko na Florentine ta hannun Elias Churchill a cikin 1933 kuma an aika shi zuwa Zoo na Hobart, inda ya zauna shekara uku. Ya mutu a ranar 7 ga Satumbar, 1936. An nuna wannan mafarautan a cikin fim ɗin da aka sani na ƙarshe na samfurin kwalliya: dakika 62 fim ɗin baƙi da fari.
Duk da yawan bincike, babu wata cikakkiyar shaida da aka samu wacce ke nuna ci gaba da wanzuwa a cikin daji. Tsakanin 1967-1973, masanin kimiyyar dabbobi D. Griffith da mai noman madara D. Mally sun gudanar da bincike mai zurfi, gami da cikakken bincike a gabar tekun Tasmania, sanya kyamarori na atomatik, binciken aiki na abubuwan da aka ruwaito, kuma a 1972 an kafa Kungiyar Binciken Binciken Tafiya ta Wolfupial. tare da Dr. Bob Brown, wanda bai sami wata shaidar wanzuwa ba.
Kerkeci na Marsupial yana da matsayin nau'in haɗari a cikin Littafin Ja har zuwa 1980s. Ka'idodin kasashen duniya a lokacin sun nuna cewa ba za a iya bayyana dabba ta mutu ba har sai shekaru 50 sun shude ba tare da tabbataccen rikodin ba. Tun fiye da shekaru 50 babu tabbatacciyar hujja game da wanzuwar kerkeci, matsayinta ya fara haɗuwa da wannan ma'aunin hukuma. Sabili da haka, Unionungiyar forasa ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi ta sanar da cewa nau'in ya ɓace a cikin 1982, da kuma gwamnatin Tasmania a cikin 1986. An cire jinsin daga Shafi na I na Kasuwancin Dabbobin Da ke Cikin Haɗari (CITES) a 2013.
Ranar bugawa: 09.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/24/2019 da 21:05
