Mutane da yawa sun saba da irin wannan sanannen kifin kamar tench. Tench - wani nau'i mai santsi, wanda ba shi da sauki ka rike a hannunka, amma masunta suna matukar farin ciki idan sun kamu, saboda naman tench ba wai kawai na abinci bane, amma kuma yana da dadi sosai. Kusan kowa ya san bayyanar tench, amma mutane ƙalilan ne suka yi tunani game da rayuwarta. Bari muyi ƙoƙari mu fahimci halayen kifin sa, tare da bayyana halayen sa da halayen sa, gami da gano inda ya fi so ya zauna kuma ya fi jin daɗi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Lin
Tench wani nau'ine ne na kifin mai rai-rai na dangi irin kifin da kuma tsari irin na carps. Shi ne memba guda ɗaya tak da yake da irin wannan sunan, Tinca. Daga sunan dangin kifi, ya bayyana sarai cewa irin kifin shine mafi kusancin dangi na tench, kodayake a zahiri ba za ku iya cewa haka nan da nan ba, saboda a kallon farko babu kama. Scaididdigar microscopic tare da launin zinare-zaitun da laushi na gamsai da ke rufe shi sune manyan abubuwan rarrabewar tench.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A layin da aka ciro daga ruwa, lakar ta bushe da sauri kuma ta fara faɗuwa gabaki ɗaya, da alama kifin yana narkewa, yana zubar da fata. Dayawa sun yarda cewa saboda wannan ne yasa ake mata lakabi.
Akwai wata shawarar kuma game da sunan kifin wanda ke bayyana rayuwarta. Kifin ba ya aiki kuma ba ya aiki, saboda haka mutane da yawa sun gaskata cewa sunan nasa yana da alaƙa da kalmar "lalaci", wacce daga baya ta sami irin wannan sabon sauti kamar "tench".
Bidiyo: Lin
A cikin yanayi na halitta, ba a raba tench zuwa nau'ikan daban, amma akwai wasu jinsunan da mutane suka hayayyafa ta hanyar ƙirƙira, waɗannan su ne zinare na zinare da Kwolsdorf. Na farko yana da kyau ƙwarai kuma yayi kama da kifin zinare, saboda haka galibi ana zaune ne a cikin tafkunan ado. Na biyun yana kama da layi na yau da kullun, amma yana girma da sauri kuma yana da girma girma (ana ɗaukar kifi kilogram ɗaya da rabi daidaitacce).
Game da tench na yau da kullun, wanda aka halitta ta ɗabi'a kanta, yana iya kaiwa girman girma, ya kai 70 cm tsayi kuma yayi nauyi zuwa 7.5 kg. Irin waɗannan samfuran ba su da yawa, saboda haka tsayin daka a jikin kifin ya bambanta daga 20 zuwa 40. A cikin ƙasarmu, masunta galibi suna kama layin da nauyinsa yakai gram 150 zuwa 700.
Wasu suna rarraba layin dangane da waɗancan tafkunan wurin da suke rayuwa, suna nuna haske:
- layin lacustrine, wanda ake ɗauka mafi girma da ƙarfi, sananne ne tare da manyan tabkuna da yankunan tafki;
- tekun tench, wanda ya banbanta da na farko a cikin karami, bakin kifin yana daga sama, yana zaune a baya da koguna;
- tench na kandami, wanda kuma ya fi ƙanƙanci a kan tekun kuma yana da ƙarancin mazaunan ruwa masu kyau da kuma tafkunan roba;
- dwarf tench, yana zaune a cikin tafkunan ruwa, saboda girmansa bai wuce santimita goma sha biyu a tsayi ba, amma shine yafi kowa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Kifi tench
Tsarin mulki na tench yana da iko sosai, jikinsa yana da girma kuma an dan matsa shi daga bangarorin. Fatar tench tana da girma sosai kuma an lulluɓe ta da ƙananan ƙananan ma'auni wanda yayi kama da fata mai rarrafe. Launin fatar yana bayyana kamar koren zaitun ne ko zaitun, amma wannan yanayin an samar dashi ne ta hanyar laushi mai kauri. Idan kun cire shi, zaku iya ganin sautin mai rawaya mai launuka iri-iri yayi galaba. Dogaro da mazaunin, launin tench na iya bambanta daga launin rawaya mai rawaya mai haske tare da wani koren zuwa kusan baƙi. Inda kasan yashi ne, kuma launin kifin yayi daidai da shi - haske, kuma a cikin tafkunan da akwai daɗa mai yawa da peat, tench yana da launi mai duhu, duk wannan yana taimaka masa rufe fuska.
Tench yana santsi saboda wani dalili, ƙamshi shine kariya ta ɗabi'a, yana ceton daga masu cin abincin da basa son kifi mai santsi. Kasancewar gamsai na taimakawa tench don hana yunwar iskar oxygen a lokacin zafin bazara, lokacin da ruwan yayi zafi sosai kuma babu isashshen iskar oxygen a ciki. Bugu da kari, gamsai yana da kayan magani, aikinsa yayi kama da na maganin rigakafi, saboda haka layukan basu da lafiya.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: An lura cewa wasu nau'in kifin suna yin iyo har zuwa goma, kamar likitoci, idan sun kamu da rashin lafiya. Suna zuwa kusa da layin sai suka fara shafawa a gefen sa na zamewa. Misali, pikes marasa lafiya suna yin wannan, a irin waɗannan lokutan ba sa ma yin tunani game da abun ciye-ciye goma.
Fins finafinai suna da taqaitaccen fasali, suna da dan kauri kadan kuma launinsu yafi duhu fiye da sautin duka tench; a wasu mutane sun kusan baki. Babu sananne a kan caudal fin, don haka ya kusan miƙe. Kan kifin ba ya bambanta da girma. Ana iya kiran Lin mai-mai-mai, bakinsa ya fi launi duk na sikeli. An shirya haƙorin kifayen pharyngeal a jere ɗaya kuma suna da ƙyalli masu lanƙwasa. Antenananan eriya masu kauri suna ƙarfafa ba kawai ƙwarinsa ba, amma har ma dangantakar dangi da irin kifi. Idanun tench jajaye ne, ƙanana da zurfafa. Za'a iya rarrabe maza da mata cikin sauƙin saboda suna da fikafika masu girma da kauri. Hakanan, maza sun fi mata ƙanƙanci, domin girma da yawa a hankali.
A ina tench yake zama?
Photo: Lin a ruwa
A yankin ƙasarmu, an yi rijista goma a duk ɓangaren Turai, ɓangaren shiga yankin Asiya.
Shi thermophilic ne, saboda haka yana son wuraren waha na tekun masu zuwa:
- Kasifiyan;
- Baƙi;
- Azovsky;
- Baltika
Yanayin sa ya game sarari daga tafkunan Urals zuwa Tafkin Baikal. Ba da daɗewa ba, amma ana iya samun tench a cikin irin waɗannan koguna kamar Angara, Yenisei da Ob. Kifaye suna zaune a Turai da tsaunukan Asiya, inda akwai yanayi mai yanayi. Da farko dai, tench ya fi son tsarin tsayayyen ruwa a yankuna masu yanayin dumi.
A irin waɗannan wuraren, mazaunin dindindin ne:
- bays;
- tafki;
- tafkuna;
- tabkuna;
- bututun mai kwarara mai rauni.
Lin yayi ƙoƙari ya guji yankunan ruwa da ruwan sanyi da hanzari, saboda haka ba zaku same shi a cikin kogin tsaunuka masu rikici ba. Tench din yana cikin kwanciyar hankali da annashuwa a inda reeds da reeds ke tsirowa, itacen busassun itace ya tsaya akan ƙasa mai laka, akwai wuraren waha da yawa marasa nutsuwa waɗanda hasken rana ya dumama, wanda ya cika da algae iri-iri. Mafi yawanci, kifin yana zuwa zurfin zurfin, yana kusa da bankunan da ke kan hanya.
Yawan laka don tench na ɗaya daga cikin mafi kyawon yanayi, saboda a ciki yana samo wa kansa abinci. Ana ɗaukar wannan gashin baki a matsayin mai nutsuwa, yana rayuwa duk rayuwarsa a cikin yankin da aka zaɓa. Lin ya fi son kasancewa cikin nutsuwa da keɓantaccen yanayi a cikin zurfin laka.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Rashin isashshen oxygen, ruwan gishiri da kuma yawan ruwan mai ƙwanƙwasa a cikin jirgin ruwan ba masu ban tsoro ba ne, don haka yana iya sauƙaƙawa zuwa gaɓar ruwa mai dausayi kuma ya zauna a cikin tabkuna masu ambaliyar ruwa, inda ruwan ruwa mai gishiri yake da dama.
Yanzu kun san inda aka samo kifin tench. Bari muga yadda zaka ciyar da ita.
Menene tench take ci?
Photo: Kifin Tench a ƙarƙashin ruwa
Mafi yawan lokuta, menu na tench yana kunshe da ƙananan rayayyun halittu da ke rayuwa akan ƙasan laka na tafki.
Kayan abincin kifi ya banbanta sosai, tench baya kyamar samun abun ciye-ciye:
- zubar jini;
- kayan kwalliya;
- ƙwayoyin ruwa;
- leeches;
- ruwan beetles;
- soya sauran kifi;
- phytoplankton;
- kifin kifi;
- kwari na ruwa;
- kowane irin tsutsa (musamman sauro).
Baya ga abincin dabbobi, tench kuma yana cin abincin shuke-shuke da jin daɗi: iri-iri na algae, harbe-harbe na kangararru, reed, cattail, bishiyoyin lili na ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A cikin abinci, tench ba shi da ma'ana, ba shi da wasu kayan maye na musamman (musamman na yanayi), saboda haka yana ɗaukar abin da ya ci karo da shi a ƙasan firam.
Yankunan da suke da kasa mai laka ko peat da kuma ciyawar ciyawar da ke ƙarƙashin ruwa ana zaɓar su azaman wuraren ciyar da kifi. Don neman abinci, tench a zahiri dole ne a tona, yage ƙasan, wanda ke haifar da bayyanar kumfar iska a saman fuskar ruwa, wanda ke ba da wurin da sandar take. Lokacin ciyar da layin yana faduwa ne da sanyin safiya ko kuma kafin wayewar gari. A rana, tare da wadatar hasken rana, kifin baya son ciyarwa. Da daddare, tench baya ciyarwa, amma yana kwana a cikin ɓacin rai. Da farkon yanayin sanyi na kaka, kifayen suna cin abinci kadan kuma suna ciyarwa sau da yawa, a hankali suna shirin bacci, lokacin ciyarwa gaba daya.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Layin Zinare
Tench, ya bambanta da danginsa na cyprinid, yana da halin jinkiri, kasala, jinkiri. Lin yana da hankali sosai, mai jin kunya, don haka zai iya zama da wuya a kamo shi. Kasancewa da ƙugiya a jikin ƙugiya, duk yanayin sa ya canza: ya fara nuna zalunci, azanci, ya jefa duk ƙarfin sa cikin juriya kuma zai iya karyawa cikin sauƙi (musamman samfurin nauyi). Wannan ba abin mamaki bane, domin lokacin da kake son rayuwa, har yanzu baka kunsa kan ka haka ba.
Lin, kamar tawadar ruwa, yana gujewa hasken rana mai haske, baya son fita zuwa cikin haske, yana ɓoye a cikin ɓoye, inuwa, raƙuman ruwa a zurfin. Manya manyan mutane sun fi son zama cikin cikakken kadaici, amma ƙananan dabbobi sukan haɗu a makarantun kifi 5 zuwa 15. Tench din kuma yana neman abinci da yamma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Duk da cewa tench din baya aiki kuma baya aiki, hakan yana sanya yawan ƙaura zuwa kusan kowace rana, yana motsawa daga yankin bakin teku zuwa cikin zurfin, sannan kuma ya dawo bakin tekun. A lokacin ɓarkewar haihuwa, shima, zai iya neman sabon wuri don yin kyan gani.
A ƙarshen kaka, layukan sun shiga cikin ramin ƙasa kuma sun faɗi cikin rayayyen rayayye ko ɓoyewa, wanda ya ƙare da zuwan kwanakin bazara, lokacin da rukunin ruwa ya fara ɗumi har zuwa digiri huɗu tare da alamar ƙari. Bayan sun farka, layukan sunyi sauri zuwa kusa da gabar teku, sun cika da yawa da ciyayi na ruwa, wanda suke fara ƙarfafawa bayan dogon abincin hunturu. An lura cewa a cikin tsananin zafi kifin ya zama mai gajiya kuma yana kokarin kasancewa kusa da kasa, inda yake mai sanyaya. Lokacin da kaka ta kusanto kuma ruwan ya fara sanyi kadan, tench din yana aiki sosai.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Rukunin layuka
Kamar yadda muka riga muka lura, layin manya zuwa tsarin rayuwar gama gari, sun fi son wanzuwar kaɗaici a cikin zurfin duhu. Matasa da basu da kwarewa ne kawai suke kafa kananan garken dabbobi. Kar ka manta cewa tench ne thermophilic, sabili da haka, yana ba da haihuwa ne kawai zuwa ƙarshen Mayu. Lokacin da ruwa ya riga ya kasance da kyau warmed up (daga 17 zuwa 20 digiri). Linesin da suka balaga da jima'i sun kusa zuwa shekaru uku ko hudu, lokacin da suka sami nauyi daga gram 200 zuwa 400.
Don filayen da suka haifa, kifi ya zaɓi wuraren da ba su da ruwa wanda ya cika da kowane irin tsire-tsire kuma iska ke busa shi kaɗan. Tsarin spawning yana faruwa a matakai da yawa, tazarar tsakanin wanda zai iya kaiwa makonni biyu. Ana ajiye ƙwai a hankali, yawanci a cikin zurfin mita, suna haɗuwa da rassan bishiyoyi da tsire-tsire masu ruwa daban-daban da aka saukar a cikin ruwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lines suna da amfani sosai, mace ɗaya zata iya samarwa daga ƙwai 20 zuwa 600 dubu, lokacin shiryawar wanda ya bambanta daga sa'o'i 70 zuwa 75 kawai.
Tench qwai ba su da girma sosai kuma suna da ɗanɗano launin kore. Sabon soyayyen da aka haife shi, kimanin tsawon 3 mm, basa barin wurin haifuwarsu na wasu kwanaki, suna cika kansu da abubuwan gina jiki da suka rage a cikin jakar kwai. Daga nan sai su shiga balaguro mai zaman kansa, suna haɗuwa cikin garken tumaki. Abincin su na farko ya kunshi zooplankton da algae, sannan benthic invertebrates ya bayyana a ciki.
Fishananan kifi suna girma sannu a hankali, har zuwa shekara ɗaya, tsayinsu yakai santimita 3 - 4. Bayan shekara guda, suna ninki biyu kuma a lokacin da suke da shekaru biyar sai tsawonsu ya kai alamar santimita ashirin. An gano cewa ci gaba da haɓaka layin yana ci gaba har tsawon shekaru bakwai, kuma suna rayuwa daga 12 zuwa 16.
Abokan gaba na linzami
Photo: Kifi tench
Abin mamaki, irin wannan kifin mai zaman lafiya da tsoro kamar tench bashi da makiya da yawa a yanayin yanayin su na daji. Kifayen bashi da wannan saboda gamsai da yake da shi wanda yake rufe jiki. Kifaye masu shayarwa da dabbobi masu shayarwa, waɗanda ke son cin abinci tare da kifi, suna juye hancinsu daga tench, wanda hakan baya motsa sha'awarsu saboda ƙamshi mai laushi mara laushi, wanda yake da ƙamshin kansa.
Mafi yawanci, caviar mai mulki da ƙarancin soya suna shan wahala da yawa. Tench din baya kiyaye kayansa, kuma soyayyen yana da matukar rauni, saboda haka, dukkan kifin kifi da kwai ana cin su da nishadi ta kifaye daban-daban (pikes, perches) da dabbobi (otters, muskrats), kuma tsuntsayen ruwa ba sa kyamar cin su. Bala'i na halitta suma suna da alhakin mutuwar ƙwai mai yawa, lokacin da ambaliyar ta ƙare kuma matakin ruwa ya faɗi matuka, to ƙwai a cikin ruwa mara ƙanƙara kawai ya bushe.
Hakanan ana iya kiran mutum abokin gaban tench, musamman wanda yake da ƙwarewar sarrafa sandar kamun kifi. Tench kamun kifi yakan fara ne tun kafin a fara haihuwa. Masu kamun kifi suna amfani da kowane irin dabara da ƙyama, saboda tench yana mai da hankali sosai ga kowane abu sabo. Tench ɗin da aka kama yana da fa'idodi da yawa: na farko, yana da jiki sosai, abu na biyu, namansa yana da daɗi kuma yana ci, kuma na uku, babu buƙatar tsabtace sikeli, don haka bai daɗe da yin rikici da shi ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Lin
A cikin girman Turai, mazaunin tench yana da yawa sosai. Idan muka yi magana game da yawan layin gabaɗaya, to, za a iya lura cewa lambobinsa ba sa fuskantar barazanar ƙarewa, amma akwai wasu abubuwa marasa kyau da ke haifar da cutar ta mummunar ɗabi'a. Da farko dai, wannan shine lalacewar yanayin muhalli na wadancan wuraren magudanan ruwa inda aka yi rijistar tench. Wannan sakamakon sakamakon ayyukan gaggawa na mutane.
Yawan mutuwar tench ana lura da shi ne a lokacin sanyi, lokacin da ake samun kaifi sosai a matakin ruwa a magudanan ruwa, wannan yana haifar da gaskiyar cewa kifin kifayen yana daskarewa ne kawai a cikin kankara, ba su da isasshen sararin da za su saba shiga cikin rami da siradi. Farautar farauta tana bunƙasa a yankin ƙasarmu ta bayan Urals, saboda yawan mutanen da ke wurin sun ragu sosai.
Duk waɗannan ayyukan ɗan adam sun haifar da gaskiyar cewa a wasu yankuna, na jiharmu da ƙasashen waje, ƙwallon ƙafa ya fara ɓacewa kuma yana haifar da damuwa ga ƙungiyoyin muhalli, saboda haka aka sanya shi cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red na waɗannan wurare. Har yanzu, yana da kyau a bayyana cewa wannan yanayin ya ci gaba ne kawai a wasu wurare, kuma ba ko'ina ba, gaba ɗaya, tench yana da kyau sosai kuma lambobinsa suna kan matakin da ya dace, ba tare da haifar da wata fargaba ba, wanda ba zai iya farin ciki ba. Ana fatan hakan zai ci gaba nan gaba.
Layin tsaro
Hotuna: Lin daga littafin Red
Kamar yadda muka gani a baya, adadin tench a wasu yankuna ya ragu sosai sakamakon ayyukan dan adam na dabbanci, don haka dole ne a shigar da wannan kifin mai ban sha'awa a cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red na kowane yanki. An jera Tench a cikin Red Book of Moscow a matsayin jinsin mai rauni a cikin wannan yankin. Babban abin da ke iyakance shi a nan shi ne fitar da datti mai kazanta a cikin Kogin Moskva, hada-hadar bakin teku, adadi mai yawa na injuna masu shawagi wadanda ke tsoma baki ga kifin jin kunya, karuwar yawan masu bacci na Amur, wanda ke ciyar da narkakken qwai da soya.
A gabashin Siberia, ana amfani da tench a matsayin mai kazanta, musamman a cikin tafkunan Baikal. Girmancin farauta ya haifar da wannan, saboda haka tench yana cikin Red Book of Buryatia. Tench yana da ƙaranci a cikin yankin Yaroslavl saboda rashin keɓaɓɓun wurare, waɗanda ke cike da ciyayi na cikin ruwa, inda zai iya haihuwa cikin lumana. A sakamakon haka, an lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Ja na Yankin Yaroslavl. A cikin yankin Irkutsk, tench shima an jera shi a cikin Red Book na yankin Irkutsk. Baya ga kasar mu, tench na karkashin kariya a kasar ta Jamus, sabodalambarta kuma akwai kadan.
Don adana irin wannan kifin, ana ba da shawarar matakan kariya masu zuwa:
- sa ido akai-akai game da yanayin sanannun yawan jama'a;
- sarrafa filayen hunturu da filaye;
- kiyaye yankuna na gabar teku na cikin birni;
- share tarkace da gurbacewar da mutum ya yi na filayen shuka da filayen hunturu;
- kafa dokar hana kamun kifi a lokacin bazara;
- Hukunci mai tsanani na farauta.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in ƙara abin da ba na al'ada ba saboda girmansa da girmansa tench, an bayyana shi ga mutane da yawa daga bangarori daban-daban, saboda an binciki halayensa da halayensa, wanda ya zama mai salama sosai, nutsuwa da rashin gaggawa. Bayyananniyar tench kyakkyawa ba za a iya rikita ta da wani ba, saboda na asali ne kuma yana da banbanci sosai.
Ranar bugawa: 02.07.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 23.09.2019 a 22:47
