Greenk shark yana da jinkiri sosai, amma a wani bangaren yana rayuwa tsawon lokaci mai ban mamaki, wannan yana daya daga cikin ainihin abubuwan al'ajabi na yanayi: duk tsawon rayuwarta da kuma dacewa da ruwan kankara suna da sha'awa. Don kifin wannan girman, waɗannan siffofin na musamman ne. Bayan haka, ba kamar “dangin” sa na kudu ba, yana da nutsuwa sosai kuma baya yiwa mutane barazana.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Greenland shark
Ana kiran babban sarki na kifi mai farauta sharks, sunan su a Latin shine Selachii. Mafi tsufa daga cikinsu, hybodontids, ya bayyana a cikin zamanin Babban Devonian. Tsohuwar Selachia ta ɓace yayin ɓarkewar Permian, hakan ya buɗe hanyar haɓakar halittar ragowar jinsunan da sauyawarsu zuwa sharks na zamani.
Bayyanar su ta faro ne daga farkon Mesozoic kuma ya fara ne da rarrabuwa zuwa cikin sharks da haskoki. A lokacin Jurassic na andananan da Tsakiya, akwai juyin halitta mai aiki, to kusan dukkanin umarni na zamani an ƙirƙira su, gami da katraniformes, wanda kifin Greenland yake.
Bidiyo: Greenland Shark
Mafi yawan shaku sun fi so, kuma har zuwa yau suna da sha'awar teku mai dumi, yadda wasun su suka zauna a cikin ruwan sanyi kuma suka canza rayuwa a cikin su har yanzu ba a tabbatar da su ba, haka kuma a wane lokaci ne wannan ya faru - wannan shine ɗayan tambayoyin da ke mamaye masu bincike ...
Bayanin Greenland sharks an yi shi ne a cikin 1801 ta Marcus Bloch da Johann Schneider. Sannan sun sami sunan kimiyya Squalus microcephalus - kalma ta farko tana nufin katrana, na biyu ana fassara ta zuwa "ƙaramin kai".
Daga bisani, an ba su, tare da wasu nau'ikan, ga somnios dangin, yayin ci gaba da kasancewa cikin tsarin kayyayyakin. Dangane da haka, an canza sunan jinsin zuwa Somniosus microcephalus.
Tuni a cikin 2004, an gano cewa wasu kifayen kifin, waɗanda a da aka lasafta su a matsayin Greenlandic, a zahiri jinsinsu ne daban - an laƙaba musu suna Antarctic. Kamar yadda sunan yake, suna zaune ne a Antarctica - kuma a ciki kawai, yayin da na Greenlandic - kawai a cikin Arctic.
Gaskiya mai Nishaɗi: Babban sanannen fasalin wannan kifin kifin shine rayuwar ta. Daga cikin mutanen da aka gano shekarunsu, babban cikinsu yana da shekara 512. Wannan ya sanya shi mafi tsufa mai rai. Duk wakilan wannan nau'in, sai dai idan sun mutu daga rauni ko cututtuka, suna iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru ɗari da yawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Greenland Arctic Shark
Yana da siffar torpedo, an firam fin karfi a jiki zuwa mafi ƙarancin ƙarfi fiye da yawancin kifayen, tunda girmansu ba shi da yawa. Gabaɗaya, ba su da ci gaba sosai, kamar ƙirar ƙirar ƙira, sabili da haka saurin kifin Greenland bai da bambanci ko kaɗan.
Shima kansa baya shahara sosai saboda gajere da zagaye hancinsa. Gill din gill karami ne idan aka kwatanta shi da girman kifin shark ɗin kansa. Manyan hakoran suna da kunkuntar, yayin da ƙananan kuwa, akasin haka, suna da faɗi; ban da haka, suna daɗaɗa da ƙwanƙwasa, ya bambanta da na sama mai ban mamaki.
Matsakaicin tsayin wannan kifin kifin kifi kusan mita 3-5 ne, kuma nauyinsa ya kai kilo 300-500. Green shark na girma a hankali, amma kuma yana rayuwa na tsawon lokaci mai ban mamaki - ɗaruruwan shekaru, kuma a wannan lokacin tsofaffin mutane na iya kaiwa mita 7 kuma suna da nauyin kilogram 1,500.
Launin mutane daban-daban na iya bambanta ƙwarai: mafi haske yana da launin ruwan hoda-creamy, kuma mafi duhu kusan baƙi ne. Hakanan ana gabatar da dukkan inuwar canji. Launi ya dogara da mazauni da halayen abinci na shark, kuma zai iya canzawa a hankali. Yawanci bai dace ba, amma wani lokacin akwai tabo ko fari a bayanta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masana kimiyya sunyi bayani game da tsawon rayuwar yan kifayen Greenland da farko saboda sun rayu a cikin wani yanayi mai sanyi - kwayar halittar jikinsu tana raguwa sosai, saboda haka ana kiyaye kyallen takarda tsawon lokaci. Nazarin waɗannan kifayen kifin na iya ba da mabuɗin don rage saurin tsufan ɗan adam..
Ina Greenk shark yake zaune?
Hotuna: Greenland shark
Suna rayuwa ne kawai a cikin Arctic, kankara mai kankara - arewacin kowane irin kifin kifin kifi. Bayanin mai sauki ne: Greenk shark yana matukar son sanyi kuma, samun kansa a cikin ruwan dumi, da sauri ya mutu, tunda jikinsa ya dace da ruwan sanyi. Zafin ruwan da aka fi so a gare shi yana cikin kewayon daga 0.5 zuwa 12 ° C.
Galibi mazaunin sa ya hada da tekun Atlantika da na Tekun Arctic, amma ba duka ba - da farko dai, suna zaune ne a gefen tekun Kanada, Greenland da kuma arewacin tekun Turai, amma a cikin waɗanda suke wanke Rasha daga arewa, akwai kaɗan daga cikinsu.
Babban mazaunin:
- daga gabar jihohin arewa maso gabashin Amurka (Maine, Massachusetts);
- bakin St. Lawrence;
- Tekun Labrador;
- Tekun Baffin;
- Tekun Greenland;
- Bay na Biscay;
- Tekun Arewa;
- ruwa kusa da Ireland da Iceland.
Mafi yawanci ana iya samun su daidai a kan shiryayye, kusa da gabar babban yankin ko tsibirai, amma wani lokacin suna iya iyo a can nesa da ruwan tekun, zuwa zurfin da ya kai mita 2,200. Amma galibi ba sa gangarawa zuwa zurfin zurfin zurfin - a lokacin rani suna yin iyo kusan mita ɗari ƙasa da ƙasa.
A lokacin hunturu, suna matsawa kusa da gabar teku, a wannan lokacin ana iya samun su a cikin yankin hawan igiyar ruwa ko ma a bakin kogi, a cikin ruwa mara zurfi. Hakanan an lura da canjin zurfin da rana: yawancin kifayen ruwa daga yawan jama'a a cikin Tekun Baffin, waɗanda aka lura da su, sun gangara zuwa zurfin mita ɗari da safe da safe, kuma daga tsakar rana suna hawa, da sauransu a kowace rana.
Menene kifin Greenland ya ci?
Hotuna: Greenland Arctic Shark
Ba za ta iya haɓaka ba kawai tsayi ba, har ma da matsakaita gudu: iyakarta 2.7 km / h, wanda ya fi kowace kifi hankali. Kuma wannan har yanzu yana da sauri a gare ta - ba za ta iya riƙe irin wannan "saurin" na dogon lokaci ba, kuma yawanci tana haɓaka 1-1.8 km / h. Tare da irin waɗannan halayen masu saurin gaske, ba za ta iya ci gaba da kamun kifin a cikin teku ba.
An bayyana wannan raunin ne da cewa fincin nata gajere ne, kuma yawansa ya yi yawa, banda haka, saboda saurin saurin motsawar jiki, tsokoki kuma suna kwantawa a hankali: yana daukar sakan bakwai kafin tayi wani motsi da jelarta!
Koyaya, kifin na Greenland ya ciyar da dabbobi cikin sauri fiye da kansa - yana da matukar wahala a kamo shi kuma, idan muka gwada da nauyi, nawa ganimar da kifin Greenland zai iya kamawa kuma wani mai saurin rayuwa a tekun dumi, sakamakon zai bambanta sosai. ko ma umarni na girma - a dabi'ance, ba don goyon bayan Greenlandic ba.
Amma duk da haka, koda kamun kamawa ya isa gare ta, tunda sha'awarta kuma umarni ne na girma fiye da na sharks masu saurin nauyi iri ɗaya - wannan ya faru ne saboda irin wannan yanayin na saurin motsa jiki.
Tushen abincin Greenland shark:
- kifi;
- stingrays;
- kuraje;
- dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Musamman mai ban sha'awa shine halin da ke ciki: suna da sauri sosai, sabili da haka, yayin da suke falke, shark bashi da damar kama su. Saboda haka, tana kwanto tana jiransu suna bacci - kuma suna kwana a cikin ruwa don kar su faɗa cikin dabbobin shanu na polar. Ta wannan hanyar kawai Greenk shark zai iya kusantar su kuma ya ci nama, misali, hatimi.
Hakanan Carrion na iya cin abinci: hakika ba zai iya tserewa ba, sai dai idan saurin gudu ya kwashe shi, bayan haka kifin Greenland ba zai iya ci gaba ba. Don haka, a cikin cikin mutanen da aka kama, an sami ragowar barewa da beyar, waɗanda sharks a fili ba za su iya kama kansu ba.
Idan sharks na yau da kullun suna yin iyo don jin ƙanshin jini, to, Greenlandic yana jan hankalin nama mai lalacewa, saboda wannan wani lokacin suna bin jiragen kamun kifi ƙungiya-ƙungiya kuma suna cinye rayayyun halittun da aka jefa daga gare su.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Old Greenland Shark
Saboda ƙarancin kuzari, kifayen Greenland suna yin komai a hankali: suna iyo, juyawa, fitowan da nutsuwa. Saboda wannan, sun sami suna kamar malalacin malalaci, amma a zahiri, ga kansu, duk waɗannan ayyukan suna da alama da sauri, sabili da haka ba za a iya cewa su ragwaye bane.
Ba su da ji mai kyau, amma suna da kyakkyawan ƙamshi, wanda suka fi dogara da shi don neman abinci - yana da wuya a kira shi farauta. An kashe wani muhimmin ɓangare na rana a wannan binciken. Sauran lokutan an keɓe ne don hutawa, saboda ba za su iya ɓarnatar da kuzari da yawa ba.
Ana yaba musu da hare-hare kan mutane, amma a zahiri, zalunci daga ɓangarensu kusan ba a rubuce: shari'oi ne kawai aka sani lokacin da suka bi jirgi ko masu jirgi daban-daban, yayin da ba sa nuna mummunar niyya.
Kodayake a cikin al'adun gargajiya na Icelandic, kifayen Greenland sun bayyana kamar suna jan mutane kuma suna cinye mutane, amma, idan aka yi la’akari da duk lurawar zamani, waɗannan ba komai bane face misalai, kuma a zahiri basu da haɗari ga mutane.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Masu bincike har yanzu ba su cimma matsaya a kan ko za a iya rarraba kifin Greenland shark a matsayin kwayar halitta ba tare da kulawar tsufa ba. Sun zama jinsin da ya daɗe da rayuwa: jikinsu baya girma raguwa saboda lokaci, amma suna mutuwa ko dai daga rauni ko kuma cututtuka. An tabbatar da cewa wadannan kwayoyin sun hada da wasu nau'ikan kifaye, kunkuru, mollusks, hydra.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Greenland shark
Shekaru suna tafiya gabadaya daban-daban a garesu - fiye da yadda ake fahimta fiye da na mutane, saboda duk matakan da ke jikinsu suna tafiya a hankali. Sabili da haka, sun kai ga balaga ta kimanin shekara ɗari da rabi: a lokacin, maza suna girma zuwa matsakaita na mita 3, kuma mata sun kai ɗaya da rabi girma.
Lokacin haifuwa yana farawa a lokacin rani, bayan haɗuwa, mace tana ɗaukar ƙwai ɗari da yawa, yayin da kimanin 8 zuwa 8 masu cikakken kifin da aka riga aka haɓaka, tuni suka haihu suka kai girman girma - kimanin santimita 90. Mace takan bar su kai tsaye bayan sun haihu kuma basu damu ba.
Yaran da aka haifa nan da nan dole ne su nemi abinci kuma su yaƙi masu farauta - a cikin fewan shekarun farko na rayuwa, yawancinsu suna mutuwa, duk da cewa akwai ƙarancin masu farauta a cikin ruwan arewacin fiye da na kudu mai dumi. Babban dalilin wannan shi ne jinkirinsu, saboda abin da suke kusan karewa - sa'a, aƙalla manyan girma suna kiyaye su daga masu tayar da kayar baya da yawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gwanayen kifin Shark ba sa kirkirar otoliths a cikin kunne na ciki, wanda a baya ya zama da wahala a iya tantance shekarunsu - cewa su masu shekaru dari ne, masana kimiyya sun san da dadewa, amma ba za a iya tantance tsawon lokacin da suke rayuwa ba.
An warware matsalar tare da taimakon radiocarbon bincikar ruwan tabarau: samuwar sunadarai a ciki na faruwa tun kafin haihuwar kifin kifin shark, kuma ba sa canzawa a duk tsawon rayuwarsa. Don haka ya juya cewa manya suna rayuwa tsawon ƙarni.
Abokan gaba na kifayen Greenland
Hotuna: Greenland Arctic Shark
Manyan kifayen da ke da kiyayya ba su da yawa: daga cikin manyan dabbobin da ke cikin ruwan sanyi, galibi ana samun kifi whales. Masu binciken sun gano cewa duk da cewa sauran kifayen sun fi yawa a jerin kifayen kifayen whale, amma kuma yana iya hadawa da kifayen Greenland. Sun kasance ƙasa da whale masu kisa a girma da sauri, kuma kusan basa iya adawa da su.
Don haka, sun zama farauta mai sauƙi, amma yaya naman su ke jawo kifayen kifayen masu kisa ba abin dogaro bane - bayan haka, yana cike da urea, kuma yana da illa ga mutane da dabbobi da yawa. Daga cikin sauran masu farautar tekun arewacin, babu ɗayan balagaggun 'yan tsibirin Greenland da ke barazanar.
Yawancinsu suna mutuwa saboda mutum, duk da cewa ba su da masunta. Akwai ra'ayi a tsakanin masunta cewa suna cinye kifi daga abin da suka fiskanta kuma suna lalata shi, saboda wasu masunta, idan sun gamu da irin wannan ganimar, sai su yanke wutsiyarta, sannan su sake jefawa cikin teku - a dabi'ance, ya mutu.
Kwayoyin cuta suna damun su, kuma fiye da wasu ta hanyar mai kama da tsutsa, shiga cikin idanu. A hankali suna cin abin da ke cikin ƙwallon ido, shi ya sa gani ya lalace, kuma wani lokacin kifin yakan makance gaba ɗaya. A kusa da idanunsu, masu iya jurewa zasu iya zama - kasancewar alamun koren kore yana nuna kasancewar su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Gwanayen kifin Shark na iya rayuwa a cikin yanayin Arctic ta hanyar sinadarin trimethylamine wanda yake dauke da kwayoyin halittar jiki, tare da taimakon wanda sunadarai a cikin jiki zasu iya ci gaba da aiki a yanayin da ke kasa da ° C - in ba shi ba, za su rasa kwanciyar hankali. Kuma glycoproteins da waɗannan kifayen kifin suka samar sun zama maganin daskarewa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Old Greenland Shark
Ba a haɗa su cikin adadin nau'in haɗari da ke cikin haɗari ba, duk da haka, ba za a iya kiran su da wadata ba - suna da matsayin kusanci da masu rauni. Wannan ya faru ne saboda karancin karancin jama'a, wanda a hankali yake raguwa, duk da cewa darajar kasuwancin wannan kifin yayi kasa.
Amma har yanzu yana da - da farko dai, ana darajar kitsen hantarsu. Wannan gabar tana da girma sosai, girmanta zai iya kaiwa 20% na nauyin jikin kifin shark. Danyensa mai guba ne, yana haifar da guban abinci, tashin hankali, kuma a wasu lokuta, mutuwa. Amma tare da aiki na dogon lokaci, zaku iya yin ɗan ƙarami daga gare shi ku ci shi.
Saboda hanta mai mahimmanci da ikon amfani da nama, a baya an kama kifin Greenland shark a Iceland da Greenland, saboda zaɓin da ke can bai yi yawa ba. Amma a cikin rabin karnin da ya gabata, kusan ba a samu masunta ba, kuma ana kama ta galibi a matsayin kama-kama.
Hakanan ba a aiwatar da kamun kifin wasanni, wanda yawancin kifayen shaye shaye ke wahala dangane da shi: ba shi da ƙarancin sha'awar kifi saboda jinkirinsa da kasalarsa, ba shi da juriya kusan. Yin kamun kifi akan shi yana kama da kamun katako, wanda, tabbas, ba shi da farin ciki sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Hanyar shirya haukarl mai sauki ce: naman shark da aka yankashi gunduwa-gunduwa dole ne a saka shi cikin kwantena da aka cika da tsakuwa da kuma ramuka a bangon. A kan wani dogon lokaci - galibi makonni 6-12, suna "kwanciya", kuma ruwan 'ya'yan itace da ke dauke da urea suna fita daga cikinsu.
Bayan haka, ana fitar da naman, a rataye shi da ƙugiyoyi kuma a bar shi ya bushe a cikin iska tsawon makonni 8-18. Sannan an yanke ɓawon burodin - kuma kuna iya ci. Gaskiya ne, dandano yana da takamaiman bayani, kazalika ƙanshi - ba abin mamaki bane, la'akari da cewa wannan nama ne rubabbe. Sabili da haka, kifayen Greenland sun kusan daina kamawa suna cinsu lokacin da wasu abubuwa suka bayyana, kodayake a wasu wurare ana ci gaba da dafa haukarl, kuma har ma da bukukuwan da aka keɓe don wannan abincin ana yin su a biranen Icelandic.
Greenk shark - kifi mara cutarwa kuma mai matukar ban sha'awa don nazari. Yana da mahimmanci don hana ƙarin raguwa a cikin yawanta, saboda yana da mahimmanci ga talaucin Arctic. Sharks suna girma a hankali kuma suna haihuwar da talauci, sabili da haka zai zama da matukar wahala a dawo da lambobin su bayan faɗuwa zuwa mahimman dabi'u.
Ranar bugawa: 06/13/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/23/2019 da 10:22
