Grey kangaroo wakili ne mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki na flora da fauna na Australiya. Hakanan ana kiran babban kangaroo mai launin toka kamar babban kangaroo. Wannan nau'in dabba, ya danganta da yankin mazaunin, an kasu kashi biyu cikin ragi biyu: yamma da gabas. A karkashin yanayin yanayi, rarar biyu ba ta taba ratsawa ba, kuma a cikin talauci suna iya ba da zuriya mai hadewa. Kangaroos masu launin toka na gabas suna riƙe da rikodi don girma da nauyi tsakanin danginsu.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Grey kangaroo
Kangaroos wakilai ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa, waɗanda aka keɓe ga umarnin marsupials masu haɗari biyu, dangin kangaroo, jinsin katuwar kangaroos. Ambaton farko na waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki ya faro ne daga shekara ta 1606, lokacin da wani ɗan ƙasar Netherlands ya bincika Australiya ta zamani.
A bayanansa, ya bayyana wata dabba mai ban mamaki, wacce mutanen yankin ke kira "genguru". Duk mambobin balaguron sun yi mamakin dabba mai ban mamaki, dabbar da ba a taɓa yin irinta ba da halaye da son sani. Bayan nazarin bayanan mai bincike da membobin tawagarsa, masana kimiyyar dabbobi na wancan lokacin sun zama masu sha'awar wannan wakilin tsirrai da dabbobi na Australiya.
Bidiyo: Grey Kangaroo
Masana kimiyya sun gudanar da yawancin kwayoyin halitta da sauran karatuna don sanin asali da halittar kangaroos. Dangane da sakamakon da aka samu, yana yiwuwa a tantance cewa waɗanda suka kafa jinsin sun kasance procoptodons. Ba su da dogayen gabobi kamar haka, don haka ba su da ikon tsalle kamar dabbobin zamani. Dabbobin sun yi amfani da gabobin bayan kafa don motsa jiki. Procoptodons sun mutu gabadaya sama da shekaru miliyan 15 da suka gabata.
Sauran masu binciken sun gano wata alaqa tsakanin kangaroos mai launin toka, procoptodons da berayen kangaroo. Nauyin beraye ya kasance gram 800 - 1000. An rarrabe su da kyakkyawar daidaitawa da rayuwa. Suna dacewa da kusan kowane yanayin muhalli. An tabbatar da cewa berayen kangaroo sun riga sun wanzu a duniya kimanin shekaru miliyan 30 da suka gabata. Dabbobi sun ci duk abin da yake cin abinci kuma ya rayu kusan ko'ina, har da bishiyoyi. Daga nan suka bazu zuwa yankuna daban-daban kuma suka haifar da nau'in dabbobi da yawa.
Babban mutum na launin toka kangaroo shine namiji, wanda tsayinsa ya wuce mita uku kuma nauyin jiki yakai kilogram 65.5.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: kangaroo mai ruwan toka
Kangaroo mai launin toka ana ɗauka mafi girma daga duk nau'ikan dabbobin da ke akwai. Girmansa ya kai kimanin mita biyu a tsayi. Wani fasali na jinsin wata doguwar doguwa ce, mai ƙarfi, tsawonta kusan ya yi daidai da tsawon jiki. Matsakaicin tsinkayen wutsiya mita ɗaya ne.
Wutsiya yana da aikin daidaitawa kuma ana amfani dashi don kiyaye daidaito yayin tsalle. Idan dabbobin suka kare kansu, ko suka shiga faɗa, sai su jingina kansu da jelarsu su doke abokin hamayyarsu da gabansu. Nauyin babban mutum daga kilo 30 zuwa 70 ne. A cikin dabbobi, ana bayyana dimorphism, kuma maza sunfi mata girma sosai, wani lokacin kusan sau biyu.
Dabbobi suna da kauri, ba dogo ba kuma mara kyau. Ana tantance launinsa daga yankin mazaunin sa. Gashi na iya zama launin ruwan kasa mai haske, launin toka, ko launin toka mai zurfi. Yankin wuya, kirji da ciki ya fi dukkan sauran sassan jiki haske. Dabbobin suna da karamin kai da dogayen kunnuwa masu girma.
Legsafafun baya suna da faɗi sosai, suna da ƙarfi kuma suna da tsayi. Tsawon su ya kai santimita 50-65. Suna da dogon fika da ƙarfi, tsokoki sosai. A kwatancen, gabanin ya yi ƙanƙan da ƙarfi. Suna da yatsu biyar, kuma galibi ana amfani da marsosu a matsayin hannuwa, ɗaukar abinci da sa shi a bakin. Mata suna da aljihu na musamman a cikin ƙananan ciki, wanda aka tsara don jigilar yara da girma.
A ina ne kangaroo mai launin toka yake rayuwa?
Hoto: Gray Kangaroos daga Ostiraliya
Ofasar dabbar ita ce Ostiraliya, musamman, kusan dukkanin Queensland. Marsupials sun yadu ko'ina cikin kusan duk nahiyar. Banda shi ne yankin yammacin sassan Cape York, South Wales, wasu yankuna na Tasmania, musamman arewa maso gabas. Akwai jama'a da yawa a cikin New Guinea da kuma cikin Tsibirin Bismarck. An kawo kangaro na mutane zuwa New Guinea, inda suka samu nasarar zama tushen su.
Grey kangaroos suna rayuwa a cikin:
- yankunan kudu na Australiya;
- Victoria;
- New South Wales;
- Queensland.
Lokacin zabar wurin zama, kangaroo mai launin toka ba ya bambanta a cikin azanci da zaɓi. Ana iya samun sa a cikin wurare daban-daban - a cikin dazuzzuka, makiyaya, yankunan hamada. Gandun daji da wuraren tsaunuka ba banda bane. A matsayin mazauni, kangaroos masu launin toka sun fi son yankuna da ke da yawan ruwan sama, amma suna jin daɗin zama a yankuna masu yanayi mara kyau.
Kangaroos ba sa jin tsoron mutane kwata-kwata, saboda haka sukan zauna kusa da ƙauyukan mutane. Ana iya samun shi a gefen gari a ƙauyukan da ba su da yawa. Mafi yawa daga cikin kangaroos masu launin toka suna zaune ne a filaye masu kauri tare da dazuzzuka, ciyawa mai tsayi, ko kuma cikin dazuzzuka. Saboda wannan, har ana kiran su dajin kangaroos. Ana iya samun su a ƙasa mai duwatsu, inda suke jin daɗi sosai.
Menene kangaroo mai launin toka mai ci?
Hoto: Grey kangaroo
Dabbobi suna da shuke-shuke, don haka babban ɓangaren abincin shine abincin tushen shuka. Suna ciyarwa galibi akan ciyawar kore, ciyawar shrubs da sauran nau'in ciyayi. Zasu iya cin tsaba, 'ya'yan itacen' ya'yan itace da tsire-tsire. Dangane da cewa akwai wadataccen ruwa a cikin ciyawar ciyawar, kangaros a zahiri basa sha, suna rufe buƙatar ruwa da danshi daga shuke-shuke kore.
Menene tushen abinci na kangaroo mai ruwan toka:
- ciyawa;
- albasa;
- alfalfa;
- legumes a lokacin furanni;
- eucalyptus foliage;
- inabi;
- ferns;
- tubers;
- 'ya'yan itatuwa da tsaba iri daban-daban;
- tsutsotsi, tsutsotsi.
Manyan manyan kangaru suna fita don ciyar musamman da daddare. A cewar masana ilimin dabbobi, maza sun fi sa'a daya a kowace rana kan cin abinci fiye da mata, amma mata na zabi abincin da ya fi wadata da sunadarai, saboda hakan ne suke samar da madara mai wadata kuma mai gina jiki a lokacin ciyarwar.
Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa kangaroos an rarrabe su ta hanyar amfani da hankali, rashin wayewa da dacewa da kyau. Saboda wannan, suna iya sauyawa zuwa wasu nau'ikan abinci idan ya cancanta. Idan babu wadataccen abinci, suna iya ciyarwa da kyau akan busassun ciyayi, shrubs.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Western Gray Kangaroo
Grey kangaroos suna da kyakkyawar ƙamshi da kuma ji sosai. Manyan kunnuwa na iya juyawa don bin tushen sautin. Dabbobi suna da yanayi na lumana, amma idan suka ji tsoro ko kuma bukatar kare kansu, suna iya zama masu haɗari sosai. Babban makamin yaƙi shine ƙashin ƙashin baya tare da ƙarfafuwa da haɓaka tsokoki da manyan ƙusoshi.
Dabbobi suna da kyakkyawan yanayin tsere. Suna iya haɓaka saurin sauri cikin sauri. Matsakaicin iyakar saurin tafiya na gajere shine 87 km / h. Matsakaicin saurin motsi kangaroos mai ruwan toka shine 40-50 km / h. Suna amfani da ƙarancin kuzari yayin tafiya da sauri. Idan suna tafiya da sauri, sai su jingina da dukkan gaɓoɓi huɗu, wanda hakan ke nuna cewa suna rarrafe.
Dabbobi sune cikakkun zakarun daga cikin wakilan duniyar dabbobi a tsalle tsalle. Matsakaicin tsalle tsalle zai iya kaiwa mita 10!
Baƙon abu ne ga katuwar bishiyar kangaroos mai launin toka ya yi rayuwa ta kadaici. Suna taruwa cikin rukuni-rukuni waɗanda mazaunan wurin ke kira "taron jama'a". A saman kowane gungun mutane akwai shugaba, wanda aikin sa shi ne kula da tsari a cikin kungiyar, tare da fadakar da sauran mahalarta game da kusancin hadari ko kuma kusancin makiya.
Kungiyoyin dabbobi sun kunshi samari da mata. Maza suna cikin rukuni ne kawai yayin lokacin saduwa. Moungiyoyin mutane da yawa na iya ciyarwa cikin aminci a cikin ƙasa ɗaya, yayin da ba sa yaƙi ko kaɗan. Lokacin da ɗayan membobin kungiyar suka fahimci kusancin haɗari, sai ya fara buga ƙasa da ƙafafunsa na baya, yana faɗakar da wasu game da hakan.
Ana lura da babban aiki a dare ko magariba. Da rana, dabbobi na fakewa da inuwar bishiyoyi da daji, da kuma cikin ramin da suke haƙa kansu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Grey kangaroo cibi
Ba a ɗaurawa lokacin alfarwa da takamaiman lokacin ba. Yawan ganyayyaki yana faruwa a lokacin bazara-kaka. Maza sun isa balaga a watanni 16-17, mata a watanni 19-20. A farkon lokacin saduwa, namijin da ke jagorancin matsayi a cikin rukunin matan tare da matan da ke ciki. Hakkin shugabanci na maza ana kiyaye shi yayin aiwatar da faɗa. Wadannan rikice-rikice galibi suna ƙarewa da mummunan rauni.
Bayan saduwa, lokacin cikin ya fara, wanda yakai wata daya kawai. ,Aya, mafi sau da yawa ana haihuwar makafi biyu. Nauyin sabon haihuwa bai wuce kilogram ba, galibi shi kilogram 0.7-0.8. Bayan haihuwa, jariri yana motsawa cikin jakar uwa mai dumi da jin jiki kuma yana shan nono. Jaririn zai kasance a ciki tsawon watanni 4-5 masu zuwa na rayuwarsa. Bayan haka, na wasu monthsan watanni, jaririn kangaroo zai yi rarrafe a cikin jaka ga uwa don ciyarwa.
Abin lura ne cewa yayin da bukatun kangaroos suka canza, abun da ke cikin madarar uwa yakan canza. Lokacin da maraƙin ya girma kuma ya ƙara ƙarfi, yakan bar masaukin dumi. Bayan wannan, mace na iya saduwa kuma ta sake haihuwa. Matsakaicin tsawon rai na babban ruwan kangaroo a cikin yanayin yanayi ya kai shekaru 10, a cikin bauta, tsawon rai na iya ninka.
Abokan gaba na kangaroos mai launin toka
Hotuna: Grey Kangaroo Ostiraliya
A cikin yanayin yanayi, kangaroos ba su da makiya da yawa.
Babban abokan gaba na kangaroos masu launin toka sune:
- karnukan dingo;
- dawakai;
- manyan dabbobi;
- wasu masu gashin tsuntsu.
Karnukan Dingo sune manyan abokan gaba na flora da fauna na cikin gida. Koyaya, suna yawan kai hari ga cuban da basu balaga ba, da tsofaffi ko raunana mutane. Ba za su iya kayar da manya da dabbobi masu ƙarfi ba. Babban maƙiyin marsupials ya kasance kuma ya kasance mutum. Yana kashe kangaro don neman nama, wanda ake ɗauka mai daɗi da lafiya. Ana yabawa kuma an siye shi azaman ci a ƙasashe da yawa na duniya. Yawancin mazauna yankin suna farautar su don fatarsu.
Kangaroos sam basa tsoron mutane kuma galibi suna rayuwa kusa da su. Ana amfani da ƙasar noma da amfanin gona na hatsi azaman tushen abincin dabbobi. Manoma suna harbin dabbobi don kare dukiyoyinsu. Ara yawan jama'ar yankin, faɗaɗa kan iyakokin yankin da suka haɓaka shima yana taimakawa ga raguwar adadin yawan kangaroo.
Wani dalili kuma na yawan mutuwar dabbobi shine gobara, wanda galibi yakan faru a yankunan da ke da yanayin Australia mai bushewa. Suna hanzarta rufe yankuna da yawa, dabbobi basu da lokacin ƙaura zuwa wasu yankuna.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Grey kangaroos
Bisa ga sabon bayanan, yawan dabbobi kusan mutane miliyan 2 ne. Masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun gudanar da ƙidayar ƙarshe a cikin 1996. Sannan an sami sakamakon ne kan ainihin kasancewar mutane miliyan 1.7. Masana ilmin namun daji suna da'awar cewa yau adadin dabbobi kusan bai canza ba.
Kodayake adadin manyan kangaroos masu launin toka yana raguwa, amma a yau ba a yi musu barazanar cinyewa gaba ɗaya. Koyaya, hukumomin nahiyar ta Australiya a matakin doka sun yanke hukuncin sarrafa kansu da dama daga wakilan wakilan filaye da dabbobi na gida. Duk da cewa nama babban abinci ne kuma yana da matukar amfani, kuma dabbobin da kansu sukan haifar da mummunar illa ga gonaki, an hana su harbi domin kare kasar noma da kuma cire nama.
Ana bayar da izinin farauta da izinin harbi daga hukumomin yankin ne kawai idan yawan dabbobi ya zarce iyakar abin da aka yarda da su, kuma suna haifar da babbar barazana ga harkar noma.
An lura da wani mummunan ra'ayi game da rage yawan dabbobi a tsakiyar karni na 20, lokacin da a yanayi yawan manyan maƙiyan marsupials - dingo karnuka - suka ƙaruwa cikin sauri. Zuwa yau, an shawo kan wannan matsalar, kuma yawan karnukan daji bai wuce iyakar halatta ba. A yau masanan dabbobi sun ayyana matsayin kangaroo ta hanya mai zuwa: kasancewa da ƙaramar haɗarin halaka.
Grey kangaroo dabba ce mai ban sha'awa sosai wacce ba ta tsoron mutane kwata-kwata, wani lokacin kuma, akasin haka, yana nuna babbar sha'awa a gare su. Yawancin yawon bude ido suna zuwa Ostiraliya don sha'awar waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki. Suna gama gari akan kwasa-kwasan golf na Australiya. Dangane da wannan, mutane na iya lura da yanayin ɗabi'unsu, wani lokacin ma suna iya yin magana da su a tsawan hannu a cikin manyan sarari.
Ranar bugawa: 05/04/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.09.2019 a 23:45
