Kusan kowa ya san kifi kamar su crucian irin kifi, saboda ya yadu a jikin ruwa daban-daban. Fried crucian carps ba abune mai kyau ko kaɗan ba, galibi ana iya ganinsu akan tebur. Kowa ya san yadda dandano na karen faski yake, amma kaɗan sun sani game da ayyukan rayuwa, halaye da ɗabi'u. Bari muyi ƙoƙari muyi nazarin salon rayuwar wannan kifin kuma mu gano abubuwa masu ban sha'awa game da shi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Karas
Crucian irin kifin na dangi ne na kifayen kuma yana cikin ajin kifin mai rai-rai daga umarnin irin kifin. Sunanta ya fito ne daga tsohuwar yaruka na Jamusanci kuma ba a san ainihin ma'anar kalmar ba. Wannan nau'in kifin ya yadu sosai a jikin ruwa mai tsafta. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan kifi na Crucian, ga bayanin abin da za mu ci gaba.
Gwanin zinare na zinare na yau da kullun yana da siffar madaidaiciya amma zagaye. Finarshen fin da ke kan bayan ya yi tsayi sosai kuma yana da ɗanɗano mai duhu kamar duhu. Sauran fins ɗin ƙanana ne kuma masu launi ja. A gefen gefen, an rufe kifin da ke kaɗa manyan sikeli na zinare, da bayansa duhu - launin ruwan kasa. Cikin cikin kifin mai launi ne mai haske idan aka kwatanta shi da tudu da gefuna. Akwai manya-manyan samfuran wannan kifi na masifar, wanda yawan sa ya kai kilogiram 5, kuma tsawon jiki ya kai rabin mita.
Wannan katsi mai tsattsauran ra'ayi ya bazu cikin Turai, yana zaune a:
- Burtaniya;
- Switzerland;
- Norway;
- Sweden;
- Slovakia;
- Makidoniya;
- Kuroshiya;
- Italiya.
Wannan nau'in kifayen da ake kira Crucian kuma yana zaune a cikin China, Mongolia, a cikin yankin Asiya na ƙasarmu, suna da sha'awar yin girma, fadama, tafkuna masu laka.
Da farko, irin kifin zinaren mazaunin kogunan yankin Tekun Fasifik ne, amma tun a tsakiyar karnin da ya gabata an zaunar da shi ta hanyar wucin gadi a yankin Arewacin Amurka, a Indiya, Siberia, China, Gabas ta Tsakiya, Ukraine, Poland, Latvia, Belarus, Romania, Italia, Jamus, Portugal. Yana da kyau a lura cewa a wurare da yawa na wannan sabon rukuni ya maye gurbin danginsa na zinare, idan aka kwatanta da wanda bashi da daraja sosai.
Yawan kifin zinare kusan bai wuce kilogiram uku ba, kuma mafi girman tsayinsa zai iya kaiwa cm 40. Kifin yana da babban sikelin, mai launi a launin shuɗi mai launin toka ko launin toka-kore. Yana da matukar wuya a sami kifi wanda yake da launi na zinare ko lemu mai ruwan hoda. Dukkanin firam ɗin wannan nau'in kifayen Crucian suna da launi a cikin inuwa mai laushi-mai zaitun kuma suna bayyane.
Kifin zinare yana da iko na musamman wanda zai bashi damar daidaitawa da muhallin sa tare da canza kamannin sa daidai da shi, godiya ga mutane da suka kirkiro wani sabon nau'in da ake kira "kifin zinare".
Kifin zinare yana da nau'ikan rabe-raben da yawa, suna lambobi da yawa. Kusan dukkan su kifin akwatin kifaye ne, tsawon sa ya bambanta daga santimita biyu zuwa arba'in da biyar, kuma launuka masu haske suna da banbanci sosai.
Siffar kifin zinare na iya zama:
- mai siffar zobe;
- mai tsayi (tsayi);
- kauce
Baya ga bambance-bambance a cikin sifofi da launuka, wannan nau'in kifin mai suna Crucian kuma ya bambanta da girman fincinsa. Idanun waɗannan kifayen na iya zama ƙarama ko babba, mai ƙarfi sosai.
A kan kifin zinare ne ake yawan yin gwaje-gwajen da suka wajaba don binciken kimiyya; sune kifaye na farko da suka kasance a sararin samaniya.
Gwanin jirgin ruwa na Jafananci yana zaune a cikin ruwan Jafananci da Taiwan, ana iya ganin nau'ikan daji a cikin kogin Jafananci na Biwa., Girman irin kifin daga 35 zuwa 40 cm.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Kifi Crucian
Bayan fahimtar sifofin kowane nau'i na kifin masifa, yana da kyau muyi cikakken bayani game da bayyanar wannan kifin na kowa. A waje, irin na Crucian carp yana da kamanceceniya da irin kifi, wannan ba abin mamaki bane, saboda membobin gida daya suke. Lokacin kwatanta su, mafi mahimmancin fasalin fasalin shine ƙaramin kai. Bakin kifayen maɓallin keɓaɓɓu ma ya fi na kifan kifi kuma ba ya yin gaba sosai, ba shi da abin raɗa.
Siffar jikin kifayen Crucian doguwa ce, amma mai tsayi, wanda ya ɗan tuna da rhombus, jikin kifin ya daidaita a tarnaƙi. Babban fin fin fage yana da tsari ko da kuwa. An rufe kifin da sikeli masu santsi da manyan launuka, launukansu sun bambanta daga jinsuna zuwa jinsi, amma launuka da suka fi yawa sune zinare da azurfa. Kifin kifi yana da ƙarfi sosai kuma yana da ƙarfi.
A cikin karamar buɗe baki akwai hakora masu ɗauke da jere guda-jere. Ainihin, idanun kidan na Crucian kanana ne. Ofayan bambance-bambance nata shine kasancewar huɗa huɗu akan fincin dubura da ƙoshin baya. Matsakaicin nauyin kifi irin na Crucian daga 200 zuwa gram 500, samfuran da suka fi girma da nauyi ba safai ba.
Tsawancin rayuwa na nau'ikan nau'ikan faski iri daban-daban. Zanen zinare ana iya kirga shi tsakanin masu shekaru ɗari, zai iya rayuwa sama da shekaru 12. Karnin azurfa da kyar yake rayuwa da shekara tara, kodayake wasu suna gudanar da nasarar shawo kan wannan mizanin kuma sun rayu har tsawon wasu shekaru, amma wannan yana faruwa da ƙyar.
A ina kidan fastoci ke rayuwa?
Photo: Babban kifin Crucian
Kada ka yi mamakin cewa an rarraba irin wannan kifi a cikin duniya, saboda yana da matukar wahala da rashin wayewa. Hakanan ayyukan ɗan adam sun sauƙaƙe mafi girman keɓaɓɓen fasalin fastocin, amma suka zaunar da shi a wurare da yawa ta hanyoyin wucin gadi. Wannan kifin ya dace da kowane nau'in tafki, tabkuna, koguna.
Masana kimiyya-ichthyologists sun gano cewa a cikin yankunan dausayi, ramuka na karkashin ruwa da kuma lokacin da yawan turɓaya ya taru, kifayen Crucian yana jin daɗi sosai kuma ya fara haɓaka sosai. Crucian irin katun yana kauce wa tafkunan da ke cikin tsaunukan tsauni.
A karkashin yanayi mara kyau (sanyi mai yawa, fari mai tsanani), kifin kifi mai tsananin zurfin zurfin zurfin rami (har zuwa santimita saba'in) kuma ya yi nasarar jiran duk bala'o'in da ke wurin.
Karas ba su yi watsi da Italiya, Poland, Portugal, Jamus, Romania, Burtaniya, Hungary, Kazakhstan, China, Belarus, Mongolia, Koriya ba, inda suke zaune lafiya. Wannan kifin baya ƙyamar ruwan Siberiya mai sanyi, bayan ya zaɓi Kolyma da Primorye. Hakanan ana iya kama kilkin Crucian a cikin yankunan Pakistan, Indiya, Amurka da Thailand.
Kamar yadda kake gani, yanayin yanayin kifin yana da fadi sosai; yana da izinin zama na dindindin a wasu kasashen da ba a lissafa su a nan ba. Anan ana iya kama shi kusan ko'ina, yana jin daɗi, duka a cikin yanayi na yanayi da na kere kere. Masu son masunta babu shakka zasu tabbatar da hakan.
Sinawa ne suka fara kirkirar kayan kifin na kere-kere, wannan ya faru ne a cikin karni na bakwai mai nisa AD.
Menene irin kifin da ake ci?
Hotuna: Kifin kifi crucian
Ana iya kiran katifar Crucian da mazaunin cikin ruwa. Tsarin menu ya bambanta. Bari mu gano abubuwan fifiko na kifin, farawa daga lokacin haihuwa. Sabon soya da aka haifa suna da jakar gwaiduwa tare da su, wanda zai kasance tare da su bayan ci gaban amfrayo, don abinci mai gina jiki suna amfani da abubuwan da ke cikin wannan jakar, wanda ke kiyaye ƙarfi da kuzarinsu.
Caranƙan karamar katako fara ciyarwa akan daphnia da shuɗi-koren algae. Kusa da watan, tsutsar jini da larvae na kowane irin kwari da ke rayuwa a cikin ruwa sun bayyana a cikin abincin yara.
Manyan kifayen suna da wadataccen menu da yawa. Abincin su ya hada da annelids da kananan crustaceans, kowane irin kwaron kwari. Tushen da kuma tushe na shuke-shuke na yankin bakin teku suma suna zama abinci ga irin kifin masifa. Yana son cin agwagwi da algae iri-iri.
Masunta sun daɗe da fahimtar cewa irin kifin kifi ba ya ƙin cin kowane irin hatsi:
- buckwheat;
- alkama;
- sha’ir.
Doughwan burodi da ɗanyun burodin kifi ainihin kayan marmari ne. Anshin ƙasan katifan yana da kyau ƙwarai, saboda haka yana jin ire-iren wannan ko kuma irin wannan jirgi daga nesa. An lura cewa 'yan sandar ruwa suna son ƙanshi mai kaifi da ƙarfi (alal misali, tafarnuwa), wanda masunta ke amfani da shi don kamasu.
Za'a iya kiran layin da ke gefen tekun na Crucian sashin jikin sa mafi kyawu, tare da taimakon kifin ya binciki ginshikin ruwan, yana karɓar bayanai kan wurin abincin, girman sa, tsawon nisan zuwa gare shi. Hakanan yana tantance kasancewar masu fata marasa kyau.
Daga gaskiyar cewa Crucian ba ya son ɗanɗano, mutum na iya kiran ƙaho, yana ƙunshe da tannin da yawa, wanda ke korar ƙwari da tsutsa, waɗanda ƙirar ke son ci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Karas
Pretarfin hali da juriyar irin kifin da ake kira Crucian kifi na daga ɗayan mahimman fasalolin sa, saboda godiyar da ya yaɗu a ko'ina cikin kogin ruwa. Matsayin iskar oxygen a cikin layin ruwa ba shi da mahimmanci a gare shi kamar na pike, don haka zai iya samun sauƙin rayuwa a cikin mafi tsananin damuna a ƙananan tafkuna.
Kifi irin na Crucian ya fi son ruwa mai ƙarancin ruwa, ba ya son ko da raunin rauni, amma inda yake a yanzu, shi ma yana da tushe. Ya kamata a sani cewa kifin zinare ya fi yawa a cikin ruwan famfo fiye da masu zinarensa. Amma na ƙarshen yana da ƙarfin jimrewa.
Silt, mud, girma mai girma na bakin teku, duckweed - waɗannan sune halayen rayuwar farin ciki da rashin kulawa na crucians, waɗanda ke son wuraren ruwa tare da duk waɗannan abubuwan jan hankali. A cikin laka, kifayen jirgin ruwa yana samun abincinsa, zai iya binne kansa cikin gwaninta don jiran duk wani haɗari ko yanayin yanayi mara kyau, kuma zurfin nitsewarsa a ƙasan silty na iya wuce rabin mita. Gabaɗaya, irin kifin da ake kira Crucian carp yana samun kwanciyar hankali inda ba abu mai sauƙi ba ga sauran kifayen su rayu.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, halin yanzu shine abokin gaba na maƙerin kifi, yana fitar da shi daga sojojinsa, yana ƙara rashin ƙarfi. Kuma a cikin irin wannan yanayin, ba abu mai wuya bane ya zama abincin dare na wasu masu farauta. Inda kasan yana da yashi ko duwatsu, ba zaku sami wannan kifin ba, domin a irin waɗannan wuraren yana musu wahala su sami abinci kuma kusan babu inda za su ɓuya. A cikin dausayi da wuraren da ba za a iya wucewa ba, wuraren da suka yi girma, kifayen crucian ya hayayyafa da kyau kuma ya bunkasa cikin sauri, galibi shine kaɗai kifi a cikin irin wannan magudanan ruwa. Wasu lokuta irin kifin da ake kira Crucian kifi yana bayyana a inda bai taba rayuwa ba a baya, wannan ya faru ne saboda yadda tsuntsayen da ke rayuwa a kan ruwa suke daukar kwayayensa a kan gashinsu.
Kodayake kifin da ake kira Crucian yana da ɗan ruɗi da ma'ana, ƙamshinta abin birgewa ne, yana iya kama thean ƙanshi a nesa mai nisa. Silinda yake da matukar mahimmanci kuma shine mahimmin sifa wanda yake taimakawa gano abubuwa daban-daban a cikin ruwa daga nesa, wanda hakan yakan kiyaye rayuwar kifi mai tsananin ruwa. Kifi irin na Crucian sun fi aiki da sanyin safiya ko kuma da yamma; a wasu wuraren, irin kifin na Crucian na iya yin aiki da yamma. Gabaɗaya, kifin mashigar ruwa shine kifi mai nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, yana fifita kada ya shiga rikici, amma yayi ƙasa da ƙasa.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: cruaramar Crucian kifi
Dangane da tsarin zamantakewar katako, ana iya kiran waɗannan kifaye makaranta, kodayake ya faru cewa samfuran da suke da ƙarfi sosai sun fi son rayuwa cikin cikakken kadaici. Katunan Crucian suna zaune ne kuma suna da hankali sosai, amma a lokacin ɓatancin haihuwa zasu iya shiga cikin rafin kogin mafi kusa.
Maturewararrun ƙwararrun masanan sun zama kusan shekaru huɗu ko ma shekaru biyar. Yawancin lokaci, lokacin haɓakawarsu yana sauka ne a watan Mayu-Yuni, duk ya dogara da yadda ruwan yake da dumi, zafin nasa ya zama kusan digiri 18 tare da alamar ƙari. Spawning na iya faruwa sau da yawa a shekara. A wannan lokacin, abincin kifayen jirgin ruwa ba shi da sha'awar komai, saboda haka, ba shi da amfani a kama wannan kifin.
Don haihuwa, mata kan matsa kusa da gabar teku, inda akwai ciyayi da yawa. Sassaka katako na Crucian yana da yawa, ana faruwa tare da hutun kwana goma. Mace daya zata iya yin kwai har dubu dari uku. Dukansu suna da ƙwarin gwiwa sosai kuma suna bin shuke-shuke na cikin ruwa.
Crucian carp caviar yana da launin rawaya mai haske, kuma diamita na ƙwai milimita ɗaya ne kawai. Bayan kamar mako guda, amfrayo, masu tsayin milimita huɗu, ƙyanƙyashewa daga gare ta. Kusa da lokacin kaka, jariran zasu iya girma zuwa 5 cm a tsayi. Yawancin lokaci, yawan rayuwarsu 10 ne, kuma wannan yana ƙarƙashin yanayi mai kyau. Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa an haifi mata da yawa a cikin kifin zinare fiye da na maza (kusan sau biyar).
Girman katakon jirgin ruwa da ci gaban su ya dogara da yawan abincin. Idan ya yi yawa, to tuni yana ɗan shekara biyu kifin yana da nauyin kusan gram 300, tare da ɗan abinci kaɗan, kifin mai suna Crucian zai iya rayuwa, amma zai auna tan giram kawai a cikin shekaru ɗaya.
Tsari kamar gynogenesis halayyar kerkian kifi ne. Yana faruwa ne lokacin da babu irin kifin da ke ɗauke da ruwa a cikin tafkin. Dole ne mace ta ta yayata tare da sauran kifin (irin kifi, bream, roach). A sakamakon haka, an haifa irin kifayen mata ne kawai daga caviar.
Halittan makiya irin kifi
Hotuna: Kifi Crucian
Ba abin mamaki bane cewa manyan kifaye masu kama-karya makiya ne na kifi irin na kurkuku. Na farko a cikin su ana iya kiran sa mai suna Pike, wanda kawai ke son cin irin kifin. Kawai tuna sanannen karin maganar nan: "wannan shine abin da ake kira pike, don kada maƙerin jirgin ruwa ya yi bacci." Za'a iya kama kifi mai zurfin ciki don cin abincin rana da irin wannan kifin kamar pike perch da asp.
Tabbas, babba da babba mai girma yana da maƙiya kaɗan sau da yawa fiye da ƙananan dabbobi, soya da ƙwai na wannan kifin, wanda galibi yakan faɗa a cikin bakunan sabo da kwadi. Suna lalata ƙwai da jarirai sabbin haihuwa da yawa. Abin mamaki shine, kwari iri-iri na ruwa (kwari masu yawo, kwari, beetles na ruwa) suna kai hari ga soyayyen irin kifin da ake kira Crucian tare da tsananin tashin hankali, kuma yawan cin abincinsu na larvae abin birgewa ne.
Baya ga matsaloli daga rukunin ruwa, hare-haren iska da sauri na tsuntsaye kuma suna jiran jiran kifi. Don haka, kifayen kifi da gulls suna son ɗanɗanar kifi. Tsuntsaye ma na iya ɗaukar cututtukan kifi masu haɗari. Ducks na Waterfowl suma basa kyamar cin karamin kifi, kuma masu shegen dogayen kafafu suna cin da yawa daga cikinsu.
Hakanan dabbobin farauta ba sa kyamar kama kifi, wanda zai iya zama abun ciye-ciye na otters, muskrats, desman, ferrets. Ko da jan fox din yana kulawa da kama kishirwa a cikin ruwa mara kyau, idan tayi sa'a.
Kamar yadda kake gani, kullun yana da abokai da yawa, musamman matasa. Amma galibin masu kifin Crucians mutane ne masu son kamun kifi suka hallaka su. Galibi, cin dusar ƙanƙan ruwa yana cinyewa da kyau akan sandar shawagi ta ruwa, kodayake akwai wasu na'urori da yawa don kamawa (juyawa da kamun kifi na feeder, roba band, donka). Masunta sun daɗe suna nazarin halaye marasa kyau da abubuwan da suke so, don haka sun san yadda za su jawo hankalin wannan kifin. A matsayin kamun kifi, ana matukar mutuncin mutanan ruwa. Namansu fari da kuma mai daɗi ana ɗaukarsu abinci ne kuma masu ƙoshin lafiya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Karas
A cikin kifin zinare, yanayin jima'i kusan iri ɗaya ne. A dangin azurfa, yawan mata a wasu lokuta ya kan fi karfin namiji. Akwai shaidar cewa yawan maza a cikin kifin zinare kusan kashi goma ne. Ba da dadewa ba, irin kifin zinare shi ne mafi yawan nau'ikan jinsuna a cikin tafkunan ruwa da yawa, yanzu lamarin ya canza, kuma a wurare daban-daban an maye gurbinsa da takwaransa na azurfa bayan da aka sake zaunar da shi ta hanyar wucin gadi. Ara, ƙwayoyin da suka samo asali ta tsallaka waɗannan jinsin biyu sun fara bayyana.
Duk da cewa kamun kifin kifi na da matukar aiki, girman yawan jama'arta ba ya shan wahala daga wannan, har yanzu ya kasance nau'in kifayen da ke yaɗuwa. Masana kimiyya-ichthyologists suna da bayanai cewa a cikin shekaru 50 da suka gabata an sami kwanciyar hankali a cikin yawan kifin kifi. Babu tsalle-tsalle zuwa tsananin ƙaruwa ko raguwa a cikin jama'a. Kuma yawan kifin zinare yana ƙaruwa ko'ina. Matsayin nau'inta ya bayyana cewa wannan kifin abun wasa ne, na gida da na son mai son shi.
Don haka, ba za a yi barazanar bacewar katifar Crucian ba, kuma yankin matsuguninta yana da fadi sosai. Wataƙila wannan mawuyacin halin yana da mahimmancin halayensa - rashin wayewa, juriya da dacewa sosai ga mahalli daban-daban.
A ƙarshe, ya rage a ƙara da cewa duk da cewa halin da ake ciki tare da mutanen da ke da ƙyamar kifi yana da kyau, mutane ba za su koma farauta ba, suna kama wannan kyakkyawar ɗabi'a mai zaman lafiya da mazaunan ruwa. Irin kifi ba zai iya yin tsayayya da farautar farauta ba Zauna a bakin teku don jin daɗi tare da sandar kamun kifi abu ɗaya ne, kuma yaduwar tarun raga daga wasan opera ne daban daban, wanda ke da matsala da rashin kulawa.
Ranar bugawa: 04/29/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 23:25
