Baƙin Turai ko Capreolus capreolus (sunan mai shayarwa a Latin) ɗan ƙarami ne mai ban sha'awa da ke zaune a cikin dazuzzuka da gandun daji na Turai da Rasha (Caucasus). Sau da yawa ana iya samun waɗannan shuke-shuke a gefen gari da gefen kurmi, a cikin dazuzzuka na buɗaɗɗen daji tare da adadi da yawa, kusa da filaye da filaye da yawa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Baƙin Turai
Capreolus Capreolus na cikin umarnin Artiodactyls, dangin Deer, dangin Roe deer. Unitedasar Baƙin Europeanasar Turai an haɗa ta cikin gida ɗaya tare da Ba'amurke da barewar gaske. Akwai nau'ikan jinsi biyu na wannan rukunin dangin a cikin ofasar Tarayyar Rasha: Baƙin Turai da Siberian roe deer. Na farko shine karamin wakilin jinsin.
Kalmar kanta ta fito ne daga kalmar Latin capra - goat. Saboda haka, suna na biyu na barewa a cikin mutane shi ne akuyar daji. Dangane da yawan wurin zama, Baƙin Europeanasar Turai yana da ƙananan rabe-raben da ke zaune a sassa daban-daban na Turai: ƙungiyoyi a cikin Italytaliya da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi a kudancin Spain, har ma da manyan manyan barewa a Caucasus.
Bidiyo: Baƙin Turai
An kafa yankin dawajan tarihi na barewa a zamanin Neogene. Mutanen da ke kusa da nau'ikan zamani sun cika ƙasashen yammacin zamani da tsakiyar Turai, har ma da wasu yankuna na Asiya. A zamanin Quaternary da narkewar kankara, artiodactyls sun ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin wurare kuma sun isa Scandinavia da Plaasar Rasha.
Har zuwa karni na sha tara, mazaunan sun kasance iri ɗaya. Dangane da babban girbin, yawan nau'in ya fara raguwa, kuma zangon, bisa ga haka, ma, samar da matsugunan keɓaɓɓu. A cikin shekarun 60s zuwa 80 na karni na ashirin, saboda tsaurara matakan kariya, yawancin masu sake dawowa sun fara girma.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dabbobin dabbobin Turai
Deer ƙaramar barewa ce, nauyin balagagge (namiji) ya kai kilogiram 32, tsayinsa ya kai 127 cm, a bushe har zuwa 82 cm (gwargwadon tsayin jiki, zai ɗauki 3/5). Kamar yawancin nau'in dabbobi, mata sun fi na maza ƙanana. Sun bambanta a jikin da ba doguwa ba, wanda bayansa ya fi gaban gaba. Kunnuwa suna da tsayi, sun nuna.
Wutsiyar karama ce, ta kai tsawon 3 cm, galibi ba a ganin ta daga ƙarƙashin gashin. Akwai caudal disc ko “madubi” a ƙarƙashin jela; yana da haske, galibi fari ne. Wurin haske yana taimaka wa barewa a lokacin haɗari, kasancewarta siginar ƙararrawa ga sauran garken.
Launi na gashi ya dogara da kakar. A lokacin hunturu, ya fi duhu - waɗannan inuwa ne daga launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa-kasa-kasa. A lokacin rani, launi yana sauƙaƙa zuwa kirim mai launin ja da rawaya. Yanayin gangar jiki da kai iri daya ne. Launukan mutanen da suka balaga da jima'i iri ɗaya ne kuma ba sa bambanta a jima'i.
Hooves baƙi ne, masu kaifi a ƙarshen ƙarshen. Kowace kafa na da kofato-tufa biyu-biyu (dai-dai da sunan keɓaɓɓen). Hops na wakilan mata na jinsin an sanye su da ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman. A tsakiyar bazara, sun fara ɓoye wani sirri na musamman wanda ke gaya wa namiji game da farkon rutuwa.
Maza ne kawai ke da ƙaho. Sun kai 30 cm a tsayi, tare da tsayi har zuwa 15 cm, kusa a gindin, yawanci mai lankwasa a cikin sigar leda, reshe. Hornaho suna fitowa a cikin sasa cikin watan haihuwa na huɗu na haihuwa, kuma suna girma gaba ɗaya da shekaru uku. Mata ba su da ƙaho.
Kowace hunturu (daga Oktoba zuwa Disamba), dawa suka zubar da tururuwarsu. Zasuyi girma ne kawai a lokacin bazara (har zuwa ƙarshen Mayu). A wannan lokacin, maza suna shafa su a kan bishiyoyi da daji. Don haka, suna yin alama ga yankinsu da kuma hanyar tsabtace ragowar fatar daga ƙahonin.
A wasu mutane, ƙahonin suna da tsari mara kyau. Ba su da rassa, kamar ƙahonin akuya, kowane ƙaho yana tafiya sama. Irin waɗannan maza suna da haɗari ga sauran mambobin jinsin. Lokacin gasa don yanki, irin wannan ƙaho na iya huda abokin hamayya da kuma yi masa mummunan rauni.
A ina ne Baƙin Turai yake zaune?
Hotuna: Baƙin Turai
Capreolus capreolus yana zaune a ƙasashen yawancin Turai, Russia (Caucasus), ƙasashen Gabas ta Tsakiya:
- Albaniya;
- Kingdomasar Ingila;
- Hungary;
- Bulgaria;
- Lithuania;
- Poland;
- Fotigal;
- Faransa;
- Montenegro;
- Sweden;
- Turkiya.
Irin wannan barewar tana zaɓar yankuna masu wadataccen ciyawa, dazuzzuka, gefuna da gefen manyan gandun daji. Yana zaune a cikin daɗaɗɗun dazuzzuka, gaɓoɓun daji. A cikin dazuzzuka daji, ana iya samun sa a gaban ƙarancin bishiyar tsire-tsire. Yana shiga yankuna masu tudu tare da belin gandun daji. Amma a yankin hakikanin stepes da rabin hamada ba ya rayuwa.
Mafi yawan lokuta ana samunta a tsawan 200-600 m sama da matakin teku, amma wani lokacin ma yakan faru ne a tsaunuka (makiyaya mai tsayi). Ana iya samun barewa a kusa da mazaunin ɗan adam a ƙasar noma, amma kawai a waɗancan wuraren da akwai gandun daji kusa da nan. A can zaku iya samun mafaka idan akwai haɗari da hutawa.
Matsakaicin nauyin dabbobi a cikin mazaunin yana ƙaruwa daga arewa zuwa kudu, yana ƙaruwa a yankin dazuzzuka masu daɗi. Zabar wuri don barewar dogaro ya dogara da wadatarwa da abinci iri-iri, da kuma wuraren buya. Wannan gaskiyane ga filaye da wuraren da suke kusa da ƙauyukan mutane.
Menene Baƙin Baƙin Europeanasar Turai yake ci?
Hotuna: Baƙin Turai a cikin yanayi
Yayin rana, ayyukan artiodactyls ya bambanta. Ana maye gurbin lokutan motsi da neman abinci da lokutan tauna abincin da aka samu da hutawa. Abun yau da kullun yana da alaƙa da motsin rana. Ana lura da babban aiki safe da yamma.
Yawancin dalilai suna shafar halaye da yanayin rayuwar barewa:
- yanayin rayuwa;
- aminci;
- kusanci da wuraren zama na mutane;
- yanayi;
- tsawon lokaci yayin rana.
Deer yawanci suna aiki da dare da yamma da rani da safe da hunturu. Amma idan ana ganin mutum kusa da shi, dabbobin za su fita ciyar da yamma da daddare. Cin abinci da tauna abinci kusan kusan duk lokacin farkawa a cikin artiodactyls (har zuwa awanni 16 kowace rana).
A ranakun zafi, yawan abincin da ake ci yana raguwa, kuma a ranakun damuna da sanyi, akasin haka, yana ƙaruwa. A lokacin bazara, dabbar tana shirya lokacin hunturu, samun nauyi da tara kayan abinci mai gina jiki. Abincin ya hada da ganye, namomin kaza da 'ya'yan itace, acorns. A lokacin hunturu, busassun ganyaye da rassan bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.
Saboda rashin abinci, a lokacin watannin sanyi, barewa ta zo kusa da gidajen mutane da filaye don neman ragowar amfanin gona da aka bari a baya bayan girbi. Suna da wuya su ci shukar kanta gaba ɗaya, galibi suna cizawa daga kowane ɓangare. Ana samun ruwan ruwa musamman daga abincin shuka da murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Wasu lokuta suna shan ruwa daga maɓuɓɓugan ruwa don samun ma'adinai.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Dabbobin dabbobin Turai
Roasar barewar Baƙin Turai dabba ce ta garken tumaki, amma ba a koyaushe yake bayyana yanayin garken ta. Ta dabi'arsu, barewa ta fi son kasancewa ita kaɗai ko a cikin ƙananan rukuni. A lokacin lokacin hunturu, dabbobin dawa sun taru cikin rukuni kuma sun yi ƙaura zuwa yankunan da ba su da dusar ƙanƙara. A lokacin bazara, ana maimaita yin ƙaura zuwa wuraren kiwo mai daɗi, sannan garken ya lalace.
A cikin Turai, barewa ba ta da canjin yanayi, amma ƙaura na tsaye suna faruwa a cikin tsaunuka. A wasu yankuna na Rasha, nisan yawo ya kai kilomita 200. A lokacin dumi, mutane suna riƙe da ƙananan ƙungiyoyi: mata tare da 'yan maruƙa, maza ɗayansu, wani lokacin a cikin rukuni na kusan mutum uku.
A lokacin bazara, mazan da suka balaga da jima'i suna fara faɗa don yanki, kuma fitar da mai fafatawa sau ɗaya baya nufin mallake yankin har abada. Idan yankin yana cikin yanayi mai kyau, da'awar masu fafatawa zai ci gaba. Sabili da haka, maza suna zaluntar yankin su, suna yiwa alama alama ta sirri na musamman.
Yankunan mata ba su da rabuwa, ba su da niyyar kare yankin kamar na maza. A ƙarshen kaka, bayan ƙarshen lokacin auratayya, sun ɓace cikin rukuni har zuwa kawuna 30. A lokacin ƙaura, adadin garken yana ƙaruwa da sau 3-4. A ƙarshen ƙaura, garken ya tarwatse, wannan yana faruwa a tsakiyar bazara, kafin haihuwar samari.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Europeanan raƙuman daji na Turai
A tsakiyar bazara (Yuli-Agusta) lokacin saduwa (rut) na Baƙin Turai ya fara. Mutum ya kai ga balagar jima'i a cikin shekara ta uku - ta huɗu ta rayuwa, mata wani lokacin ma a baya (a na biyu). A wannan lokacin, maza suna nuna hali mai tsanani, sa alama akan yankunansu, suna da farin ciki sosai, kuma suna yin sautin "haushi".
Yaƙe-yaƙe akai-akai yayin kare yankin kuma mace sau da yawa yakan ƙare da rauni ga abokin hamayyar. Deer deer suna da tsarin yanki - mamaye ɗayan wuraren, suna dawowa nan shekara mai zuwa. Ofauyen ɗa namiji ya haɗa da yankuna da yawa don haihuwa, matan da suka hadu da shi sun zo wurin.
Deer na auren mata fiye da daya, kuma galibi bayan taki mace guda daya, sai namiji ya bar wata. A lokacin rutsi, maza suna nuna tsananin tashin hankali ba wai kawai ga maza ba, har ma da jinsi. Waɗannan sune ake kira wasannin mating, lokacin da namiji ta ɗabi'unsa ke motsa mace.
Lokaci na ci gaban cikin mahaifa yara ne na tsawon watanni 9. Koyaya, ya kasu kashi: bayan matakin tsagewa, kwan ba ya bunkasa har tsawon watanni 4.5; da lokacin haɓaka (Disamba zuwa Mayu). Wasu matan da ba su yin jima'i a lokacin rani suna haɗuwa a watan Disamba. A cikin irin waɗannan mutane, lokacin latency baya nan kuma haɓakar ɗan tayi zai fara nan da nan.
Ciki yana dauke da watanni 5.5. Femaleaya mace tana ɗaukar cuba cuba 2 a shekara, samari -1, tsofaffi na iya ɗaukar carrya 3-4an 3-4. Sababbin dawa na barewa ba su da taimako; suna kwance binne a cikin ciyawa kuma idan suna cikin haɗarin rashin haɗuwa. Sun fara bin uwa bayan sati daya da haihuwa. Mace tana ciyar da zuriyar da madara har zuwa watanni 3.
Yara suna koyo da sauri kuma bayan sun fara tafiya, sannu a hankali suna sarrafa sabon abinci - ciyawa. A wata daya da haihuwa, rabin abincin su daga shuke-shuke ne. A haihuwa, barewa tana da launi mai launi, wanda ke canzawa zuwa launin manya a farkon kaka.
Dabbobi suna sadarwa da juna ta hanyoyi daban-daban:
- wari: ƙwayoyin cuta da gumi, tare da taimakonsu maza suna yin alama a yankin;
- Sauti: Maza suna yin takamammen sautuka yayin lokacin saduwa, kama da haushi. Ihun da 'ya' yan ke fitarwa cikin hadari;
- motsin jiki. Wasu halaye da dabba takeyi a lokacin haɗari.
Abokan gaba na Baƙin Turai
Hotuna: roasar Turai ta barewa
Babban haɗari ga barewar barewa a cikin yanayi shine masu farauta. Yawanci kerkeci, beyar mai ruwan kasa, karnuka da suka ɓata. Artiodactyls sun fi fuskantar rauni a lokacin hunturu, musamman a lokacin dusar ƙanƙara. Cyallen ya faɗi ƙasa da nauyin barewa kuma ya gaji da sauri, yayin da kerkeci ke saman dusar ƙanƙara kuma da sauri yake farautar abin da yake farauta.
Matasan mutane galibi suna faɗawa cikin tarkon, lynxes, martens. Kasancewa a cikin rukuni, barewa suna da babbar dama don kada mafarauta su kama su. Lokacin da dabba ɗaya ta nuna siginar ƙararrawa, sauran suna faɗakarwa kuma suna tattara cikin tarin. Idan dabba daya ta tsere, to faifinta ("madubi") zai zama a bayyane, wanda shine ke jagorantar sauran mutane.
Yayin guduwa, barewa na iya tsalle zuwa tsayi 7 m, kuma tsayi 2 m a gudun 60 km / h. Gudun dawa ba ta da tsayi, ta rufe nisan mita 400 a cikin buɗaɗɗen wuri da kuma 100 a cikin gandun daji, sun fara gudu cikin da'ira, suna rikita masu cin abincin. A cikin lokacin sanyi da damuna mai sanyi, dabbobi ba sa samun abinci kuma suna mutuwa saboda yunwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Baƙin Turai
A yau, Europeanasar Baƙin Europeanasar Turai taxa ce ta ƙananan haɗarin halaka. Hakan ya sami sauki ta matakan da aka dauka a shekarun baya don kare jinsunan. Yawan mutane bai wuce dabbobi 25-40 a kowace 1000 ha. Saboda yawan haihuwa, zai iya dawo da lambar kanta, saboda haka yana daɗa ƙaruwa.
Capreolus Capreolus shine mafi yawan nau'ikan jinsin dukkan Dean gidan Deer zuwa canjin halittar ɗan adam. Yin sare dazuzzuka, ƙaruwa a yankin ƙasar noma, na ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar yanayi ta yawan jama'a. Dangane da samar da yanayi mai kyau don wanzuwarsu.
A Turai da Rasha, dabbobin suna da yawa sosai, amma a wasu ƙasashe na Gabas ta Tsakiya (Siriya) yawancin mutane ba su da yawa kuma suna buƙatar kariya. A tsibirin Sicily, da kuma a Isra’ila da Labanon, wannan jinsin ya zama dadaddun abubuwa. A dabi'a, tsaka-tsakin rayuwar shekaru 12 ne. Artiodactyls na iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 19 a cikin yanayin wucin gadi.
Lokacin da yayi sauri da sauri, yawan jama'a yakan daidaita kansa. A yankunan da ke da yawan barewa, suna iya yin rashin lafiya. Saboda yawaitar su da yalwar su, a cikin dukkan nau'ikan dangin Olenev suna da mahimmancin kasuwanci. An yi fata daga ɓoye; nama babban abincin calori ne.
Baƙin Turai Aaramar ƙawa ce mai falala da aka sani da nau'in kasuwanci. A dabi'a, yawan mutanenta suna da yawa. Tare da adadi mai yawa na dabbobi a cikin ƙaramin yanki, yana iya haifar da mummunan lahani ga wuraren kore da albarkatun gona. Yana da mahimmancin darajar kasuwanci (saboda yawansu) kuma yana ƙawata rayuwar namun daji da nau'ikan ta.
Ranar bugawa: 23.04.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.09.2019 a 22:33
