Hazel dormouse - kawai wata halittar karama ce mai ban mamaki, kallon wacce, ba tare da son ranta ba, hotunan hamster mai cike da rudani da kuma wani zomo da ke zubewa nan da nan suka tashi a cikin tunani. Wannan kyakkyawar launin ja-gashi wakiliya ce daga dangin ta na masu bacci, ana kuma kiranta da murgo. Da yawa ba su taɓa jin labarin irin wannan dabbar ba, don haka zai zama da daɗi sosai don ƙarin koyo game da halaye da salon rayuwarsa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Hazel dormouse
Hazel dormouse (muschlovka) dabba ce mai shayarwa ta dangin dormouse da kuma umarnin beraye. A waje, yayi kamanceceniya da kurege, an rage girman shi kawai, kuma girman sa yayi kama da na bera. A cikin dukkan dangin ta, hazel dormouse shine mafi ƙanƙanta.
Nauyin babban mutum bai wuce gram 27 ba, nauyi ya cika dormouse, wanda ke shirin shiga cikin bacci. Lokacin da dabbar ta farka, nauyinta ya ragu zuwa gram 15 - 17. Tsawon jikin dormouse na hazel daga 7 zuwa 9 cm, wannan ba kirga wutsiya yake ba, tsawon sa ya kai kimanin 6 ko 7 cm.
Bidiyo: Hazel dormouse
A cikin dukkan dormouse, ko dai dormouse na gandun daji, ko kuma dormouse na lambu, hazel shine mafi arbareal, watau dabbar tana ciyar da mafi yawan lokacinta a tsakanin rassan bishiyoyi, don haka yana hawarsu da kyau. Designedafafun hazel dormouse an tsara su na musamman don ya zama da kyau a gareta ta zaga cikin babban kambi. Akwai yatsu huɗu a hannun ɓangaren, wanda tsawonsa kusan ɗaya ne, yatsan farko a ƙafa ya ɗan fi sauran girma kuma yana daidai da su.
Lokacin motsi da tsalle a cikin rassan bishiyoyi, gogewar hazel dormouse sun bayyana kusan digiri casa'in.
Yana da kyau a lura da cewa wannan dabban da ba a saba gani ba ana iya laulata shi; hazel dormouse na iya zama a gida, kamar talaka hamster ko alade. Maigidan ne kawai ke buƙatar yin la'akari da gaskiyar cewa ita dabba ce mai tsakar dare. Duk da haka, mutum bai kamata ya dame dormouse na hazel tare da squirrel ko linzamin kwamfuta ba, kodayake shi ma ɗan sanda ne, amma na wani gida ne daban na dormice.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dabba ta daskararren dabba
A waje, hazel dormouse yana da kyau da kyau. Hannunta mai kyau, mai zagaye yana da hancin hoda mai ɗan kaɗan da manyan idanu baki, kamar manyan beads biyu masu haske. Kunnuwan muski masu karami ne kuma zagaye. Bayan ka lura da masu bacci, zaka ga suna motsi kamar masu gano wuri, kuma kowanne na iya juyawa zuwa hanyoyi daban-daban.
Ofaya daga cikin fa'idodin dormouse na hazel shine dogon saƙinsa (vibrissae), wanda tsawonsa yayi daidai da tsawon kusan rabin jikin murket. Ofarshen kowane wasi-wasi mai mahimmanci yana da ɗan lanƙwasa. Dabbar tana da hakora dozin biyu, a kan haƙoran haƙori na dormouse akwai wani tsari wanda yake kama da tsefe. Abubuwan da ke cikin musket suna da kaifi sosai, saboda tare da su zai iya ciza cikin kwasfa mai ƙarfi.
Hazel dormouse yana da ƙwarangwal ta musamman wacce ke ba shi damar raguwa a tsaye, don haka dabbar na iya juyawa cikin ƙaramar ƙwallo kuma ta zame cikin kowane ƙaramin tazara. Theasussukan dormouse suna da babban sassauci, wanda ke taimaka wa dabba ta motsa cikin dabara a cikin rassan bishiyoyi. Gashi na dormouse na hazel ba dogo ba ne, mai daɗi da taushi.
Fur launi na iya zama:
- launin ruwan kasa;
- amber;
- terracotta;
- jan kai;
- launin toka mai ja.
Yawancin lokaci akan kai, jela da baya, fur din yana da ja, kuma a ciki da gefen ciki na wata gabar jiki - fararen kirim. Tiparshen ƙarshen wutsiya na iya zama launin ruwan kasa ko fari. Ya kamata a lura cewa wutsiyar hazel dormouse ba doguwa ba ce kawai, amma kuma tana da kyau. Hakanan za'a iya samun ɗigon haske a kan nono.
A cikin samarin hazel dormouse, gashin gashi yana da maras kyau, galibi launin toka-toka.
A ina ne hazel dormouse ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Hazel dormouse Red Book
Yankin rarraba kayan hazel dormouse yana da yawa sosai. Dabbar ta kasance mazaunin Turai gama gari, ban da Spain da Fotigal, wadanda suka zauna a kudancin Burtaniya da Sweden, da aka yi wa rajista a arewacin Turkiyya. A cikin ƙasarmu, hazel dormouse yana zaune a cikin gandun daji na yankin Volga, Ciscaucasia, Caucasus da yankin Dnieper. Ya kamata a lura cewa wannan dabba ta yi kaɗan a cikin ƙasar Rasha, saboda ƙarancin adadi ne.
Hazel dormouse dabbobi ne marasa nutsuwa tare da yankunansu. Girman irin wannan kason a cikin mace na iya mamaye kusan rabin kadada, a cikin maza, yankunan sun ninka biyu. Dabbobi suna saduwa da juna kawai yayin lokacin saduwa. Wani muhimmin abu a wuraren da namomin kaza suke shine ƙarancin tsiro, galibi daga hazel, ba don komai ba aka sanya sunan dormouse daidai hazel.
Sonya na iya zama a cikin tokar dutse, fure-fure, da kaurin viburnum. Matasa itacen oak, Linden da ash Ashta suna shahara tare da naman kaza. Lambunan 'ya'yan itacen marmari gida ne mai ban sha'awa don ƙaramin halittu. Ba daidai ba ne a yi tunanin cewa suna cutar da bishiyoyin 'ya'yan itace, dormouse, akasin haka, suna ba da gudummawa ga aikin gurɓata su.
Hazel dormouse ta fi son bishiyoyi, daɗaɗɗun gandun daji, da gandun daji masu kwalliya ba su da mata kyau. Ana iya samun dabba a kusa da ƙasa da hanyoyin daji, a gefuna, a cikin tsaunuka, dormouse ba sa wuce sama da kilomita biyu.
Menene hazel dormouse ke ci?
Hotuna: Hazel dormouse
Tsarin hazel dormouse yawanci cin ganyayyaki ne. Abu ne mai sauki a yi tsammani cewa goro shine mafi kyawun abincin mata. Dormouse yana cin yawancin kwayoyi, yana shirin bacci, lokacin da ya sami nauyi, saboda dabbar ba ta da wani tanadi don hunturu. Kwayoyin da dormouse din suka gwada, amma ba su ci ba, ana iya rarrabe su, saboda dabbar tana barin ramuka masu santsi daga hakora akan kwasfa. A cikin jikin dormouse babu cecum, saboda haka abinci mai cike da zazzaɓi ba shi da kyau. Dabbobi suna ba da fifiko ga 'ya'yan itatuwa da iri.
Baya ga goro, cin abincin bera ya ƙunshi:
- berries (strawberries, blueberries, raspberries, lingonberries, blackberries);
- itacen girki;
- 'ya'yan itace;
- matasa buds (a cikin bazara);
- harbewa;
- tsaba.
Yana iya zama baƙon abu, amma waɗannan ƙananan halittun basa ƙin abinci mai gina jiki. Sonya tana cin tsutsotsi da kwai tsuntsaye cikin nishadi, idan ta samu dama. Baya ga tsutsotsi, dormouse da sauran kwari ba sa rena su. A lokacin bazara, dabbobi na iya cin bawon ƙananan bishiyun spruce. Yana da ban sha'awa don kallon dormouse yayin cin abincin ta, saboda tana riƙe da kowane fruita fruitan itace da ƙafafun gaba biyu. Wannan shine yadda tsarin menu na wannan ƙaramin sandar yake yake wanda yake rayuwa a cikin kambin bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi iri-iri.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Hazel dormouse dabba
Hazel dormouse dabba ce mai duhun dare wacce ta kwashe mafi yawan rayuwarta a cikin masarauta mai bacci, wannan shine dalilin da yasa yake da suna mai ban sha'awa. Sonya tana bacci ba kawai da rana ba, har ma daga Oktoba zuwa Afrilu, tana faɗuwa cikin ɓarna, saboda ba ta jure yanayin ƙarancin yanayi.
Ko da lokacin rani ne, lokacin da yanayin zafin iska ya sauka kasa da digiri 17, dormouse din yana fadawa cikin wani irin yanayi na iya yin bacci na wasu kwanaki har sai yayi dumi.
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, masu bacci sune dabbobi marasa nutsuwa waɗanda ke mamaye yankuna keɓaɓɓu. Dabbobin sun fi son zama su kaɗai, suna saduwa da juna a lokacin saduwa. Da daddare suna neman abinci wa kansu, suna ta ƙaura daga reshe zuwa reshe, kuma da rana suna kwana a cikin nest nests.
Kowane dormouse a filin sa yana da gidajen kwana da yawa, wanda galibi ana samunsu a bishiyoyi a tsayin mita ɗaya zuwa biyu. Musket yana da burrow na hunturu, wanda yakan shirya shi duk lokacin bazara don ya zama dumi don hunturu.
Idan dormouse din kanta tana cikin aikin gina gida, to sai tayi shi daga ciyawa, gansakuka, ganyaye, ƙananan rassa, waɗanda take haɗuwa da su a yau. Dole ne in faɗi cewa hazel dormouse na iya zama wani lokacin da ba shi da hankali, mara rikitarwa, dabba sau da yawa yakan mamaye gidajen wasu mutane, yana fitar da masu su daga cikinsu: titmouses, sparrows. Sonya kuma na iya zama a cikin gidan tsuntsaye, a cikin soro, a cikin rami, a cikin tsohuwar tayar motar.
Idan muka yi magana game da halaye da dabi'un wadannan kananan halittu, to zamu iya cewa dormouse suna da matuqar shaawa kuma suna da kwarin gwiwa, suna da kyakkyawar dabi'a kuma suna iya mu'amala da mutane cikin sauki, dabbobin suna da matukar yarda, saboda haka bashi da wahalar lallashi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Hazel dormouse daga littafin Red
Hazel dormouse dabbobi ne masu kadaici da ke hulɗa da juna kawai yayin lokacin saduwa, wanda ke ɗaukar tsawon lokacin bazara, muddin yana da dumi. Don sanya jarirai jin daɗi, mata suna yin gida mai haihuwa, wanda ya fi girma girma fiye da yadda aka saba. Suna sanya shi a ƙasan ƙasan dangantaka da ƙasa. Irin wannan gidajan ya kunshi yadudduka biyu: a saman an rufe shi da ganyaye, kuma a ciki an rufe shi da fuka-fukai, da ƙananan ciyawa.
A lokacin bazara, mace na iya samar da yara biyu, kuma idan zafin ya daɗe na dogon lokaci kuma lokacin bazara ya jinkirta, to uku. Yawancin lokaci, hazel dormouse na haifar da jarirai biyu zuwa shida. Lokacin haihuwa yana dauke da kimanin kwanaki 25, yayi daidai da lokacin ciyar da 'ya'yan. An lura cewa masu bacci suna kulawa sosai dangane da childrena ifansu, idan kwatsam uwa ta mutu, to wata mace na iya goya hera heranta. Daga cikin irin wannan berayen, ba a taba ganin mace ta ci ‘ya’yanta ba.
Idan akwai sanyi da damina a lokacin rani, to maza ba su da sauri don neman mata don saduwa, sun kasance a cikin gidajensu na jin daɗi, to hazel dormouse ba sa kiwo.
Kamar yadda ya saba ga duk beraye, ana haihuwar yara masu bacci marasa ƙarfi kuma makaho, basu da murfin ulu. Kawai kusa da kwanaki 18 da haihuwa, jarirai suna zama kamar dabbobi manya. A shekara ta arba'in, ƙananan rodents sun riga sun sami 'yanci. Wani lokaci, idan mace ta haihu a ƙarshen zamani, kafin lokacin sanyi na kaka, jariran sukan zauna lokacin sanyi tare da mahaifiyarsu.
Animalsananan samarin dabbobi da suka balaga sun zama suna kusa da shekara ɗaya. A cikin daji, yanayin yanayi, hazel dormouse yana rayuwa ne kawai kimanin shekaru biyu zuwa uku, kuma a cikin ƙangi suna iya rayuwa har zuwa takwas. Wannan banbancin yanayin rayuwa shine saboda yawancin dabbobi a mazauninsu na gargajiya basa tsira da sanyi, tsananin damuna.
Abokan gaba na hazel dormouse
Hotuna: Hazel dormouse
Duk da cewa hazel dormouse karami ne, ba shi da maƙiya maƙiya musamman tsakanin sauran dabbobi. Babu wani daga cikin masu farautar da yake farautar wannan dabbar. Zasu iya samun Sonya kwatsam. Don haka rodent na iya zama ganima ga mujiya, katar daji, marten, fox, weasel. Wasu lokuta yakan faru cewa ramin da dormouse yake rayuwa ana tsaga shi ta hanyar diro ko boar, amma dabbar na iya rayuwa, saboda mushe suna da hankali da taka tsantsan.
Yanayi ya fito da wata hanyar kariya ta asali ga waɗannan ƙananan halittu, wanda ya ƙunshi kasancewar fatar daga wutsiyar dormouse tana tashi sama a cikin haja idan wani ya riƙe dabbar ta wannan dogon ɓangaren jikinsa. A irin wannan yanayi, mai ɓoye-ɓacin rai da dodar bacci yana tserewa daga mai cutar. Tabbas, to wannan ɓangaren jelar, wanda babu fata a kansa, ya mutu kuma ƙarshe ya ɓace, amma sandariyar tana da rai.
Abun takaici, daya daga cikin mafi munin makiya ga hazel dormouse shine mutumin da yake lalata yankunan masarautar su ta dindindin, yankan dazuzzuka da kuma noman kasar noma. Haka kuma namomin kaza suna mutuwa ne daga magungunan kashe qwari da mutane ke kula da shuke-shuke. Wannan shine yadda wahalar rayuwa ta kasance ga waɗannan ƙananan halittu masu rauni waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin daji.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Dabbobin dabba da dormouse
Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa yawan hazel dormouse da ke rayuwa a cikin yanayi, yanayin yanayi yana raguwa a hankali kowace shekara, abin da matukar firgitarwa. Irin wannan aikin ana lura dashi sosai a yankunan arewacin mazaunin wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa. Ya kamata a lura cewa adadin hazel dormice ba shi da yawa a duk yankin.
Ya zuwa yanzu, yawan hazel dormouse bai kai wani matsayi mai mahimmanci ba. A halin yanzu, wannan jinsin beraye yana daga cikin jinsin dake da mafi karancin barazana ga mazauninsu, amma a jerin kungiyoyin kare yanayin kasa da kasa, an sanya muskets wani matsayi na musamman.
Halin da ake ciki da yawan mutanen hazel dormouse ba iri ɗaya bane a duk yankuna; a wasu yankuna wannan dabbar ana ɗaukarta babban rake ne kuma an lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Ja. Abin haushi ne a fahimci wannan, amma irin wannan yanayin ya ci gaba a cikin ƙasarmu, inda wannan ƙaramar sandar ba ta da yawa.
Babban lahani ga yawan jama'a ba mutane ne kaɗai ke haifar da shi ba, har ma da sanyin hunturu, wanda ba kowace dabba ke rayuwa ba. Akwai shaidar cewa kusan kashi 70 na muslin ba sa rayuwa mai tsananin sanyi kuma suna mutuwa daidai lokacin rashin bacci. Ba abu mai sauƙi ba ne ga irin wannan jaririn ya rayu a cikin yanayi mai tsananin sanyi.
Kariya daga hazel dormouse
Hotuna: Hazel dormouse Red Book na Rasha
A kan yankin jiharmu, hazel dormouse yana da adadi kaɗan, wanda ke ci gaba da raguwa sannu a hankali, saboda haka wannan ɗan ƙaramin sandar aka lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Ja na ƙasarmu, ana ɗaukarsa da ƙarancin abu. Wannan yana faruwa ba wai kawai saboda gaskiyar cewa mutum ya lalata wurare da yawa na tura hazel dormouse ba, amma kuma saboda tsananin lokacin sanyi, wanda ba sabon abu bane a ƙasarmu, kuma ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba don dormouse ya tsira a cikin tsananin sanyi.
Akwai shaidar cewa a cikin Tarayyar Rasha, adadin hazel dormice ya kai kimanin samfura uku ko huɗu a kowace kadada.
Yawancin dormouse na hazel suna rayuwa ne a cikin yanayin yanayi a cikin yankinmu na Yaroslavl, wato, a cikin ƙungiyoyin lambu da ke wannan yankin. Sau da yawa, dabbobi suna mamaye ɗakunan bene na gidajen ƙasa da gidajen tsuntsaye, ba sa jin tsoron mutane kwata-kwata. Akwai shari'o'in da yawa sanannu lokacin da masu lambun mai son ɗaukar ƙaramin shakatawa tare da su don hunturu.
Da yawa waɗanda ke son waɗannan kyawawan dabbobin suna so su ƙara yawansu ta hanyar yin amfani da beraye a cikin gida, sannan kuma sakin dormouse a cikin lambu, dazuzzuka da wuraren shakatawa. A wasu yankuna, suma masu bacci suna shafawa saboda mutane suna yiwa ƙananan bishiyoyi da magungunan ƙwari don yaƙi da ƙwayoyin cuta masu cutarwa. Ya kamata mutum yayi tunani game da gaskiyar cewa wannan yana haifar da mutuwar bawai kwari kawai ba, amma hazel dormouse, wanda ke da fa'ida babba, yana ba da gudummawa ga ƙazamar ƙazamar shuke-shuke da yawa.
A ƙarshe, ya rage a ƙara cewa hazel dormouse yana da ƙanƙanta, a yawancin lamura da yawa ba su da kariya da rauni, saboda haka, ba tare da taimakon ɗan adam ba, zai iya zama mata wahala sosai don ta rayu, saboda yanayin yanayi wani lokaci yana da tsananin kaifi da rashin tabbas. Kuma idan mutum ba ya son taimaka wa wannan ƙaramar halittar, to aƙalla bai kamata ya cutar da waɗannan yara masu kyau ba waɗanda suke kama da ƙananan lemu masu haske da ke haske a tsakanin manyan rassan bishiyoyi.
Waɗannan ƙananan halittu suna taɓawa da jin daɗi kawai, kallon su, kuna so ku kula da kare irin waɗannan gutsuttura masu launin ja-gashi, ba don komai ba ne da yawa suke da su a matsayin dabbobin gida, saboda Hazel dormouse mai kyakkyawar dabi'a da sauƙin shaƙa.
Ranar bugawa: 18.04.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 19.09.2019 a 21:50
