Gecko Aaramar kadangaru ce wacce ke rayuwa a yankuna masu zafi da zafi-zafi. Tana da gaɓoɓi masu ban mamaki. Paafafun dabba an rufe su da gashi da yawa, godiya ga ƙadangare na iya tafiya a saman saman, misali, tare da bango, gilashin taga har ma da rufi. Akwai geckos da yawa. Sun bambanta da juna a launi, girma da tsarin jiki.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Gecko
Da gaske, gecko ba jinsin jinsin bane, amma suna ne gama gari ga duk membobin gidan gecko, ko kuma, kamar yadda ake kiransu, mai saƙar ƙafa. Iyalin sun ƙunshi zuriya 57 da nau'ikan 1121. Mafi shahara a cikinsu shine jinsin Gekko, ko True Gecko, wanda ya hada da nau'ikan 50.
Bidiyo: Gecko
Sunan ya fito ne daga yaren Malay, wanda a ciki ake kiran waɗannan ƙadangarorin "Gek-ko", kukan onomatopoeic na ɗayan nau'in. Geckos ya zo cikin dukkan siffofi, launuka, da girma dabam. Daga cikin jinsunan wadannan kadangaru, wadanda suka shahara sune:
- Toki gecko;
- gecko rabin-mutuwa;
- ganye;
- tabo eublefar;
- tsefe-toed;
- mai siraran siradi;
- fadi-taled felzuma;
- Madagaska;
- kurma
- steppe.
Geckos yana da asalin dadadden tsari, kamar yadda tsarin jikinsu ya nuna. Musamman na zamanin yau sune geckos, wanne daga cikin geckos na zamani za'a iya ɗauka mafi tsufa. An bayyana su da ƙasusuwan da ba a biya ba da kuma kashin baya (procellular) vertebrae.
Hakanan suna da ƙusoshin ƙira, a ɓangaren ciki wanda akwai ramuka. Wani lokacin masana binciken burbushin halittu suna samun burbushin halittu shekaru miliyoyi shekaru. Hakanan an sami kakannin da ake zargi da kyankyaso na zamani da hawainiya a amber a kudu maso gabashin Asiya. Dangane da ƙididdigar farko, sun kusan shekaru miliyan 99.
Siffar da ake amfani da ita gaba dayanta ita ce tsarin gabbai da gaɓoɓinsu. Wsafafun dabbobi masu rarrafe sun ƙare da ƙafa da yatsu biyar a ko'ina. A gefen ciki, suna da ƙananan raƙuman ruwa waɗanda aka haɗu da gashi mai kyau ko ƙyalli, kusan 100 nanometers a cikin diamita, kuma tare da apices triangular.
Su ne suka ba dabbar damar haɗawa da kowane, gami da cikakkiyar santsi, farfajiyar saboda ƙarfin hulɗar da juna tsakanin juna - van der Waals Forces. Detaukewa yana faruwa ta hanyar canza kusurwar gashin mutum. Grocko na iya mannawa tare da kwance yatsa daya har sau 15 a kowane dakika.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: saboda "tsananin tsini" na gwanayen, gecko mai nauyin 50 g kawai zai iya riƙe abubuwa har zuwa kilogiram 2 tare da ƙafafuwan, ma'ana, ya ninka 40 wuyan gecko da kansa nauyi. Don kamun gecko, masana kimiyya galibi suna amfani da bindiga, kamar lokacin da ake jike, gecko ba zai iya jingina zuwa saman ba ya gudu.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Lizard Gecko
Halin da ake amfani da shi na duk geckos, ban da ƙafafunsu masu ƙarfi, shi ne cewa dukkansu suna da babban kai dangane da jiki, jikin kansa ya yi laushi, amma mai yawa, gaɓoɓin gajere ne, jelar tana da matsakaiciya tsayi da kauri. Girman ƙadangaren ya bambanta dangane da takamaiman nau'in. Misali, mafi girman nau'ikan Toki suna girma har zuwa 36 cm tsayi, kuma mafi ƙanƙancin togin Virginia ya girma zuwa matsakaicin 16-18 mm. Babban mutum yakai miligram 120 kawai.
Fatar dabbobi an rufe ta da ƙananan sikeli. Daga cikin ƙananan sikeli, akwai manyan gutsutsura, a rikice a warwatse cikin jiki. Launin dabbobi masu rarrafe ya dogara sosai da mazauninsu. Daga cikin geckos, akwai wakilai biyu na kore mai haske, shuɗi, turquoise, ja, launuka masu lemu, kazalika da nau'ikan halittu masu kamannin da ba za a iya bambance su da bangon duwatsu, ganye ko yashi ba, musamman idan dabbar ba ta motsi. Akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu guda daya da tabo, haka nan kuma tare da canza launi a cikin wani abu daga wani bangare na jikin dabba zuwa wani. Lokaci-lokaci, geckos na iya zubarwa da ci da kuma cin fraan guntun tsoffin fata.
Kamar sauran kadangaru, gecko yana da layi na musamman akan jelarsa wanda ke ba shi damar saurin sauka idan mai farautar ya kama shi. Wutsiya na iya faɗuwa da kanta idan ba a taɓa shi ba, amma dabbar ta sami damuwa mai tsanani. Bayan haka, bayan lokaci, wani sabon wutsiya ya tsiro saboda sabuntawa. Featurearin fasalin shi ne cewa jelar kuma tana tara kitse da ruwa, wanda dabbar ke ci a lokacin yunwa.
Geckos, ban da nau'ikan damisa, ba zai iya yin ƙyaftawa ba. Wannan shi ne saboda gaskiyar cewa sun haɗu da fatar ido. Amma suna iya tsarkake idanunsu da dogon harshe. Idanun dabbobi suna faɗaɗa sosai, a waje suna kama da na cat. Aliban suna faɗaɗa cikin duhu.
A ina gecko yake rayuwa?
Photo: Gecko dabba
Mazaunin waɗannan dabbobi masu rarrafe suna da yawa. Ana samun geckos a duk duniya, kodayake yawancin nau'ikan suna rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu zafi da yanayin zafi. Geckos masu jini ne na jini, don haka mazauninsu irin wannan ne inda zafin yanayi bai sauka ƙasa da + 20 ° C. Wurin zama na yau da kullun a gare su ana ɗaukar su daga + 20 zuwa + digiri 30, ma'ana, suna da yanayin zafi.
Wasu nau'ikan na iya rayuwa a cikin tsaunukan tsaunuka ko a cikin hamada a cikin yashi, amma yawancinsu sun fi son kwari, dazuzzuka kuma su yi rayuwa ta arboreal. Garkuwa a cikin yawancin mazauninsu, geckos ma suna zama a ƙauyuka har ma da manyan biranen. Bugu da ƙari, yakan fara ne da gaskiyar cewa mutane da kansu suna zaunar da su a gidajensu don kawar da ƙwari, amma sai 'ya'yansu ke yaɗuwa da kansu. Geckos sun fahimci cewa hasken fitilun yana da kyau matuka ga kwari masu dare, kuma suna amfani dashi don farauta.
Geckos ya yadu sosai a kudu maso gabashin Asiya, a tsibirin Indonesiya, a kan nahiyar Afirka, a tsibirin Madagascar, a Ostiraliya, har ma da na Amurka duka. Wasu dabbobi masu rarrafe sun bazu zuwa wasu nahiyoyin saboda godiya ga mutane, alal misali, gecko mai sihiri da bazuwar Baturke ya bazu ko'ina cikin Amurka ta Tsakiya bayan wasu mutane sun isa wurin da kayansu.
Yaɗa kai a cikin tsibirin yana sauƙaƙa saboda gaskiyar cewa ƙwai gecko yana da tsayayya sosai ga ruwan teku na gishiri, kuma ba zato ba tsammani zai iya faɗawa cikin yankunan da ruwa ke kewaye da shi tare da rajistan ayyukan.
Menene gecko ke ci?
Hotuna: Green Gecko
Geckos masu farauta ne, don haka ba sa cin abincin shuka. Kwari suna kafa tushen abincin wadannan kadangaru. Geckos yana da wadataccen abinci, saboda haka, a duk lokacin da ya yiwu, suna ƙoƙari su cinye abinci sosai. Yawan ajiyar kitsensu na adana a cikin jela, wanda yake wani irin tafki. A lokacin yunwa, geckos suna samun kuzarin da ake buƙata daga ajiyar cikin wutsiya. A matsayin ruwa, geckos da yarda ya sha raɓa. Dabbobi masu rarrafe ba su da daɗi a cikin abinci, saboda haka abincinsu ya sha bamban.
Abincin yau da kullun na geckos shine:
- midges daban-daban;
- tsutsotsi;
- tsutsayen kwari;
- cicada;
- caterpillars na butterflies;
- kananan cututtukan zuciya;
- kyankyasai.
Kadan, geckos na iya cin kwadi, ƙananan beraye, ƙwai tsuntsaye (wani lokacin ma har kaji), amma wannan na al'ada ne kawai ga manyan dabbobi masu rarrafe. Wasu daga cikinsu ma suna iya cin kunama. Farauta yawanci yana gudana kamar haka. Gecko ya kan ɓuya a kan wanda aka azabtar, ko kuma kawai ya jira a wurin da mai cutar ke bayyana sau da yawa. Sannan, bayan jira, sai ya afka mata da saurin walƙiya, ya kamo ta da bakinsa ya kashe da ƙarfi mai ƙarfi a ƙasa ko dutse kusa.
Wasu jinsunan da ke zaune a Kudancin Amurka sun dace da zama tare a cikin kogo da jemage. Dalilin kuwa shine kasan kogon ya zama ana korar dattin kwando, wanda yake kyakkyawan wurin kiwo ne don kyankyasai. Waɗannan kyankyaso ne kyankyaso ke farauta, ba tare da amfani da ƙoƙari ba. Speciesananan nau'ikan waɗanda ke kamawa ba za su iya farautar manyan kwari ba, saboda haka an tilasta musu cin waɗancan daga cikin su wanda ɗan adam ke iya gani ta hanyar microscope kawai.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Gano mai haske
A cikin yanayin yanayi, kusan dukkanin geckos suna rayuwa a cikin ƙananan yankuna. Kowannensu ya kunshi maza da mata dayawa. Yankin kowane ɗa namiji ƙarami ne, kuma dole a kiyaye shi koyaushe daga mamayewar wasu mazan. Yaƙe-yaƙe musamman galibi suna faruwa a lokacin saduwa, lokacin da ardsgwaro ke faɗa a tsakanin su har sai mutuwa ko mummunan rauni. A lokuta na yau da kullun, dole ne a kiyaye yankin daga sauran nau'ikan kadangaru da gizo-gizo.
Geckos suna da tsabta sosai. Suna zuwa bayan gida a wani kebantaccen waje, wanda yake nesa da wurin hutu. Mafi yawan lokuta duk mulkin mallaka yana zuwa wuri ɗaya.
Yawancin geckos na maraice ne ko maraice, kuma da rana suna kwana a mafaka. Wannan yana bayyane ta manyan idanun dabbobi tare da ɗalibai a tsaye. Banda wasu 'yan jinsuna ne kawai, kamar su Green Felsuma, wanda sunan sa na biyu shine Madagascar day gecko.
Salon rayuwar dare yafi yawa saboda gaskiyar cewa a cikin mazaunin waɗannan ƙadangaren da daddare ne yanayin zafin yake zama mai dadi, kuma da rana dole mutum ya ɓuya a cikin ramuka, ramuka, ramuka a ƙarƙashin duwatsu da sauran mafaka. Geckos yana da gani da ji sosai, don haka ko da ƙarancin haske sun kasance mafarauta masu kyau. Bugu da ƙari, yawancin masanan dabbobi sun gaskata cewa geckos suna ganin kwari masu motsi ne kawai.
Wasu nau'ikan tsattsauran ra'ayi na zubar lokaci-lokaci. A tsari ne kamar haka. Na farko, fatar dabbar ta fara dusashewa. Lokacin da dukkan kan dabbobi masu rarrafe ya zama fari zuwa saman hanci, to kadangaru kanta zai fara cire tsohuwar fatar daga kanta. A karkashinta tuni ya zuwa wannan lokacin tuni akwai sabuwar fata mai haske. Duk tsarin narkewar yana ɗaukar awanni biyu zuwa uku.
Babban fasalin geckos da yawa shine sun sauka ƙasa kawai don ciyarwa. Sabili da haka, lokacin da aka tsare su cikin bautar, suna buƙatar farfaji na musamman don adana abinci a ƙananan matakin koyaushe. Don yin barci, gecko yana buƙatar nemo matsattsun sarari, alal misali, tsagawa, don haka ba kawai cikin ciki mai rarrafe ba, har ma bayanta yana dab da bangon bango.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Gecko a yanayi
Geckos ba cikakkun dabbobi bane na zamantakewa. Misali, kulawa da zuriya kwata-kwata ba irinta ba ce. Amma yawancin jinsunan ba sa rayuwa su kadai, amma a cikin mulkin maza da mata dayawa. Maza yawanci sun fi girma. Yawancin jinsuna yayin haifuwa ba a haɗa su da yanayi ba, wanda ke faruwa sakamakon rashin kyawawan yanayi a mazauninsu. Geckos da ke zaune a arewacin sassan wurare masu zafi da matalauta a ƙarshen hunturu.
Dangane da jinsin, geckos na iya yin ƙwai mai laushi ko mai tauri, amma kuma akwai nau'ikan ovoviviparous. Yawancin geckos suna oviparous. Mata suna sa su a wurare masu kariya, alal misali, a cikin ramuka na itace. Mace na raɗa ƙwai ga ɓarna. Ba a san jin daɗin uwa na mata ba. Bayan ta kwan ƙwai, nan take ta manta da ɗiyanta. Akwai a zahiri nau'ikan jinsin wadancan geckos din wadanda suka zo don haifar da kamala don dumama shi.
Idan ka duba cikin ramin, a cikin mazaunin geckos, za ka ga cewa duka bangon ciki a zahiri yake da ƙwai. Bugu da ƙari, yawancinsu suna samun kansu a matakai daban-daban na shiryawa, tunda mata da yawa na iya yin ƙwai a wuri guda a lokuta daban-daban. Mafi yawan lokuta, bayan kyankyasar kwan, wani ɓangare na ƙwarjin ƙwai ya kasance manne a bangon ramin. Sabili da haka, kamala na gaba na geckos masu zuwa an shimfida su akan tsofaffin. Lokacin shiryawa yawanci yakan ɗauki kimanin watanni uku.
Abokan gaba na geckos
Hotuna: Gecko
Tun da geckos ba su da yawa a cikin girma, suna da abokan gaba na zahiri waɗanda za su iya zama abincinsu. Daga cikin su akwai wasu kadangaru, beraye, dabbobi masu shayarwa, sau da yawa tsuntsaye. Mafi yawan lokuta, geckos kan zama abin cin maciji - macizai, boas da wasu. A mafi yawan lokuta, geckos yana mutuwa ne daga masu cin abincin dare, amma wani lokacin yakan faru ne cewa masu farautar rana sun kama su a cikin wannan gajeren lokacin lokacin da aikinsu ya tsallake.
Don kariya daga abokan gaba, ana amfani da launi mai kariya, kazalika da siffar jiki wanda zai ba ku damar yin kama ko zama ba a gani. Nau'in gecko-mai-ƙyallen-ganye, ba za a iya rarrabe shi daga shuke-shuke da ke kewaye da shi da yawancin nau'ikan gecko tare da canza launi, musamman sun yi nasara a wannan. A matsayin ƙarin ma'auni, ana amfani da ikon yin watsi da jela, a wurin da sabon ya girma.
Wasu lokuta geckos suna neman kariya ta gama gari. Akwai lokuta idan maciji ya afkawa mutum, kuma sauran geckos daga wannan mulkin mallaka suka fara kai masa hari, kuma ta haka ne suke tseratar da rayuwar dangi. A wasu tsibirai masu nisa da teku da murjani, geckos galibi dabbobi ne masu rarrafe kawai, kuma a zahiri ba su da abokan gaba na asali a waɗannan yankuna.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Dabba dabba
Yawancin jinsunan Chapfoot suna da mafi ƙarancin yanayin haɗari, amma kuma akwai wasu halittu masu rauni da masu haɗari a tsakanin su. Waɗannan sun haɗa da Nono Gecko na Russov, wanda aka jera a cikin Red Book of Dagestan saboda dalilin cewa yawan jama'arta ba su da yawa, Grey Gecko, wanda yawansu yana da girma ƙwarai, kuma a cikin wuraren zama masu dacewa yawansu ya kai mutane 10 a cikin murabba'in mita 10, amma a yankin Rasha ba a sami wakilai ba tun 1935, Leck-toed European gecko, wanda aka jera a cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya da wasu wasu.
Yawan yawancin jinsuna yana shafar raunin mazauninsu, wanda ke da alaƙa da mafi girma tare da canje-canje a cikin ƙasa kuma, zuwa wata ƙasa kaɗan, tare da tasirin canjin yanayi. Ayyukan ɗan adam yana da tasirin gaske a kan gurɓatar mahalli na geckos, wanda kuma yake shafar ikon haifuwa da yaɗuwa. Wasu daga cikin jinsunan arboreal na fuskantar barazanar bacewa saboda tsananin sare dazuzzuka.
Amma kuma akwai nau'ikan da ayyukan ɗan adam, akasin haka, ya zama mai amfani, kuma ya ba da gudummawa ga yaɗuwarsu, gami da sauran nahiyoyi. Haka kuma Toki gecko, wanda asalinsa Asiya ke rayuwa, ya bazu zuwa Amurka da Tsibirin Hawaiian.
Gecko kariya
Hotuna: Gecko Red Book
Matakan da suka fi dacewa don kare geckos sune kariya daga mazauninsu na asali da kuma matakan kiyaye yankin mazauninsu. Tunda geckos ba su da yawa, ba su da sha'awar farautar su. Amma waɗannan dabbobin na iya wahala saboda tasirin anthropogenic: gurɓataccen gurɓataccen mazauninsu, haka kuma saboda mahimman canje-canje a cikin ƙasa saboda sare bishiyoyi, gonakin noma don dalilai na aikin gona, da dai sauransu.
Wasu lokuta sukan mutu a ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motoci masu wucewa. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa kariya mafi inganci ba ta rarrabewa ba ce, amma kariya ce mai kyau ta flora da fauna a cikin mazaunin waɗannan halittu masu rarrafe.
Wasu daga cikin geckos, kamar Gunther's Day Gecko, ana yin su ne na musamman, da farko a cikin kamewa, sannan a sake su a wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiyar ƙasa. Ta wannan hanyar kwarkwata iya dawo da yawanta kuma fara ci gaba a cikin namun daji.
Ranar bugawa: 11.04.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 16:29
