Tsuntsaye na Littafin Ja na Rasha

Bayan rugujewar USSR a 1991, batun sake buga wasu littattafan, la'akari da canje-canje na yankuna (kuma ba wai kawai ba), ya zama mai tsanani. Red Book na RSFSR shima bai tsallake wannan batun ba.

Kuma, kodayake a cikin 1992 an buga bugun da ya gabata a matsayin tushe, game da tattara sabbin bayanai ne da hujjoji, ba tare da la'akari da sauye-sauyen yankuna ba, har ma yin canje-canje da kwaskwarima kan yawan nau'in shuke-shuke, dabbobi da tsuntsaye.

Littafin Ja na Rasha

Littafin Ja na Tarayyar Rasha littafi ne da aka rarraba zuwa sassa da yawa:

• Dabbobi;
• Tsuntsaye;
• Kwari.

Kowane ɗayan ɓangarorin yana ƙunshe da jerin bayanai, kamar littafin da kansa, an kasu kashi-kashi daga 0 zuwa 5:

• Speciesananan nau'ikan (rukuni 0);
• An Yi Haɗari da Haɗari (Rukuni na 1);
• Lambobi masu saurin raguwa (rukuni na 2);
• Rare (rukuni na 3);
• Matsayin da ba a bayyana ba (rukuni na 4);
• Maidowa (kashi na 5).

Dangane da littafin Red Book na Tarayyar Rasha, tsawon shekarun da suka gabata, yawancin yankuna da yawa sun bayyana, ma'ana, waɗanda ke ɗauke da jerin ƙarancin haraji masu hadari ko haɗari a wani yanki na Tarayyar Rasha (a Moscow, Leningrad, Kaluga yankuna, da sauransu). Har zuwa yau, bayanin Red Book na Tarayyar Rasha, wanda aka buga a 2001, yana da manufa.

Tsuntsaye na Littafin Ja na Rasha

Yawancin dabbobi, tsirrai da fungi suna ɓacewa daga duniyar kowace shekara. Theididdigar suna da banƙyama kuma suna ba da shawarar cewa a cikin shekaru 100 da suka gabata, Duniya ta yi asara:

• 90 nau'in dabbobi (tare da girmamawa akan dabbobi masu shayarwa);
• Nau'in tsuntsaye 130;
• Kifi iri 90.

Tsuntsaye na Littafin Ja na Rasha, wanda aka bayyana dalla-dalla a cikin bugu na 2001, wani ɓangare ne na duniyar dabbobi da ke zaune a cikin Motherasarmu mai girma.

Tarayyar Rasha gida ce ga jinsunan tsuntsaye da yawa, da masu wuya da kuma ko'ina. Abin birgewa shi ne gaskiyar adadin jinsuna da siffofin (ma'ana, kasancewa nau'ikan kowane nau'i na musamman) tsuntsayen da suke zaune a mahaifar mu sun yi daidai da 1334.

Daga cikin wadannan, an tsara nau'ikan 111 a cikin Red Book of Russia. Da yawa daga cikinsu suna zaune ne kawai a cikin wuraren ajiya ko wuraren kula da yara, kowane ɗayan yana da sa ido sosai a kan masu bincike, kuma ana ƙididdige yawan su da kulawa akai-akai.

A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2016, a zaman wani bangare na bikin masu kallon tsuntsaye na ranar tsuntsaye, an buga jerinsunayen tsuntsaye a cikin Red Book of Russia, waɗanda suka sami mafi girman shahara kuma suka shahara saboda kyawawan halayensu.

A cikin dunbin waɗannan tsuntsayen da ba safai ba, zaku iya samun cikakkun launuka na bakan gizo (kuma ba wai kawai ba): ja, lemu, rawaya, kore, shuɗi, shuɗi, shuɗi. Bayani kuma hoton tsuntsaye na littafin Red Book na Rasha an gabatar da su a kasa.

Duck Mandarin

Wakilin littafin Red Data na Rasha yana da suna mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki - agwagin mandarin. Wannan tsuntsu yana cikin rukuni na 3 na rarity, wanda akafi sani a yankin Amur da Sakhalin.

Ga mazaunin sa, ya fi son kogunan da aka yashe da tabkuna, waɗanda ke ɓoye daga idanun mutane da dabbobin da ke cin namansu ta hanyar manyan duwatsu. Zuwa yau, yawan waɗannan mutane ba su wuce nau'i-nau'i dubu 25 ba, a Rasha akwai nau'i-nau'i dubu 15 na agwagin mandarin, kuma yawan su yana raguwa koyaushe kowace shekara.

Yankovsky tsuntsu mai farauta

Yankovsky farauta shine nau'in tsuntsaye masu haɗari ba kawai a cikin Tarayyar Rasha ba, har ma a duk duniya. Tsuntsayen da ke yin kaura, galibi galibi suna taruwa a cikin garken don farautar kwari a cikin busassun yankuna, masu tudu na ƙasar, suna yin sheƙu a rassan bishiyoyi, suna yin gida mai kamannin oval.

Tsuntsun Avdotka

Tsuntsu ne mai nishaɗi tare da manyan idanu masu bayyana da dogayen ƙafafu. Avdotka yana tashi a cikin wasu lokuta, sai lokacin da haɗari ya yi barazanar, ƙarin lokaci yana tafiya cikin matakan ci gaba.

Da rana, tsuntsun yana kwance a inuwa, yana yin kamanni a cikin ciyawa, avdotka ba za a iya lura da shi da farko kallo ba, yana nuna babban abin da ake yi da daddare yana farautar ƙananan beraye da kadangaru.

Tsuntsun Bustard

Yana da matukar wuya a yau a sami kyakkyawan tsuntsu mai kyau a cikin mazaunansa, wanda sunan shi shi ne dan iska. Shigar da wannan nau'in tsuntsayen a cikin littafin Red Book na Rasha ya samo asali ne daga wasu dalilai marasa dadi ga wadannan mutane: noman filayen budurwa da yadda suka saba da filayen noma, harbin da mafarauta ke yi, yawan mace-mace a lokacin fuka-fukan fuka-fukai da horo na jirgi.

Mazaunin waɗannan wakilan littafin Red Book shi ne matakin tudu, a nan ta zama sarauniya. Mai girma, mai nauyin kilogram 21, tare da ɗan ƙaramin tufa a kansa, ɗan aminin yana ciyar da furanni da kwararan fitila, kuma baya raina ƙananan ƙwari, kwari, da katantanwa

Nauyin da ya isa tsuntsu ya zama dalilin raunin tsuntsaye, 'yan fasa kauri suna son gudu da sauri, amma abubuwa ba su da kyau sosai da jirage, suna tashi sama ƙasa da ƙasa kuma, don tashi, dole ne su watse da kyau.

Birdan tsuntsu mai baƙin ciki

Loons sun fi son zama kusa da ruwa mai tsabta, mai tsabta da sanyi. Mafi sau da yawa waɗannan sune tabkuna da tekuna. Tsarin tsuntsun ya daidaita kuma ya dan daidaita shi, wanda ke taimakawa rayuwar ruwayen ta. Loons suna ƙirƙirar nau'i-nau'i don rayuwa, kawai idan abokin tarayya ya mutu, tsuntsu yana neman maye gurbin.

Albatross mai tallafi da fari

Rage lambar da lalata albatrosses a adadi mai yawa an sauƙaƙe ta da kyawawan layinsu. A cikin 1949, a hukumance an ayyana nau'ikan albatross masu tallafi fari. Amma babban abin farin ciki, shekara guda bayan haka, an sami ƙaramin garken waɗannan tsuntsayen a tsibirin Torishima. Halin halittar albatrosses mai ɗauke da farin ya fara farkawa da nau'i 10 kawai.

Pink pelikan

Ofaya daga cikin birdsan tsuntsaye, pelicans masu ruwan hoda suna da ikon yin farauta tare. Babban abincinsu shine kifi. Hakanan, 'yan kwalliya suna tashi zuwa wuraren shakatawa a cikin garken, sa'annan su rabu gida biyu kuma su fara zama tare da juna.

Crested cormorant tsuntsu

Abubuwan da aka kama sune manyan masu iyo, suna nutsewa sosai don kama kifi. Amma jirgin ya fi wuya ga masu kwankwasiyya, domin tashi daga tsuntsun dole ne ya yi tsalle daga kan dutse ko daga dutsen. Wadannan tsuntsayen suna da kyawawan duhun duhu tare da koren karfen karafa; wani sanannen abu ya bayyana a kai yayin lokacin saduwa. Paws, kamar yadda ya dace da tsuntsayen ruwa, suna da membranes.

Tsuntsun Cokali

Spoonbill babban tsuntsu ne mai fari fari. Wani sanannen fasali shine bakin sa wanda yake kara buɗewa a ƙarshen. Fiye da duka, yana kama da ƙwayar sukari. Spoonbill shine mafi ƙarancin tsuntsayen zamaninmu, lambarta a yau da wuya ta wuce nau'i-nau'i 60.

Inarshen jinsin yana da alaƙa da dalilai da yawa: tare da gaskiyar cewa a shekarar farko ta rayuwa daga kashi 60 zuwa 70% na kajin sun mutu kuma gaskiyar cewa cokalin, idan aka kwatanta shi da wasu nau'ikan, zai fara yin gida ne da wuri - a shekaru 6.5, tare da tsawon rai 10-12.

A cikin daji (duk da cewa da wuya a same shi a nan), cokali mai yatsu yana sauka a gabar tafkunan ruwa mai kyau da koguna a kudancin ƙasar, yana zaɓar bakin teku da ƙyallen ruwa, inda ya fi sauƙi a gare shi farauta, ya kai ga dogayen lebur masu ƙyalli, kwari da kwadi.

Daga nesa, cokalin yana kama da marainiya, amma idan aka duba sosai, bambance-bambancen sun zama bayyane: wani sabon abu na baki, gabobin jikinsu sun fi guntu kadan da na maras ƙarfi ko katako. A yau Spoonbill mazaunin keɓaɓɓun Yankin Rostov, Krasnodar Territory, Jamhuriyoyin Kalmykia da Adygea, yawan tsuntsayen yana raguwa kowace shekara.

Baƙin stork

Baƙin stork baƙon tsuntsu ne mai ɓatar da lokaci don neman abinci. Lilin yana da baƙi, tare da jan ƙarfe da Emerald koren tints. Kasan jiki fari ne. Bakin bakin, kafafu da zoben ido jajaune masu launi.

Tsuntsun Flamingo

Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa waɗannan tsuntsayen an haife su da launin toka. Cin abinci mai dauke da beta-carotene (krill, shrimp) a kan lokaci, launinsu ya zama ja da hoda. Sashin babba na flamingos na hannu ne, kuma wannan shine dalilin da yasa suke lankwasa wuyansu ba da mamaki ba.

Legsafafun dogaye ne kuma sirara, kowannensu yana da yatsun kafa huɗu haɗe da membran. Lambar su na ci gaba da raguwa har wa yau, wannan ana danganta shi ga ayyukan tattalin arziki mai karfi da kuma tattara abubuwan cutarwa a cikin jikin ruwa.

Lessaramin Farin Farin Gizon Fure

Tsuntsayen sun sami sunan da ba shi da daɗi saboda muryar sautinta mai ban sha'awa. A halin yanzu, adadin Kananan Farin da ke gaba-gaba ya ragu sosai, saboda bushewar magudanan ruwa, ci gaban sabbin yankuna da dan Adam ya yi, mutuwar kamun kwai daga dalilai daban-daban, kuma tabbas a hannun masu farauta.

Tshonos tsuntsu

Ana iya rarrabe shi da sauƙi daga sauran geese ta ƙaƙƙarfan jirgin sa da tsarin bakinta. Ruwa asalin halitta ne ga tsuntsu, yana iyo kuma yana nitsewa da kyau. Yayin moult, lokacin da kuzari ya rasa gashinsa na tashi kuma baya iya hawa fikafikan, ya zama yana zama ganima ga masu farauta.

Amma a lokacin hatsari, mai shan nono ya tsoma jikin cikin ruwa ta yadda kai daya ne kawai zai rage a saman, ko kuma ya shiga karkashin ruwan gaba daya ya yi iyo zuwa wuri mai aminci.

Saramin swan

A baya can, wurin da wadannan tsuntsaye suka fi so shi ne Tekun Aral, amma a yau ya zama wurin da bala'in muhalli ke fada, don haka ba kananan kwayoyi ba kawai, har ma wasu tsuntsayen suna guje masa.

Tsuntsu Osprey

A halin yanzu, dawa ba wani nau'in hatsari ba ne, amma saboda cewa shi kaɗai ne wakilin iyalinta, an jera shi a cikin Red Book of Russia.

Bugu da kari, lambobin ta sun dawo ba da dadewa ba, a tsakiyar karni na 19 lamarin ya kasance mai wahala. A wancan lokacin, an yi amfani da magungunan kashe qwari don kula da filayen, wanda kusan ya kashe tsuntsu.

Tsuntsun maciji

Macijin-gaggafa (krachun) kyakkyawa ce, ba kasada kuma tana cikin haɗari daga nau'in mikiya. Mikiya ta sami sunanta wanda ba a saba da shi ba saboda yawan cin abincinsa; wannan tsuntsu yana cin abincin macizai kawai. Wannan lamari yana da matukar wuya a tsakanin tsuntsaye.

Hanya mafi sauƙi ga gaggawar maciji don samun abinci a cikin tsaunuka da tsaunuka, saboda haka, idan kun yi sa'a, ana iya samun su a cikin Urals, Tsakiyar da Arewacin tattalin arzikin ƙasar. Gaggafar maciji ta bambanta da gaggafa a mafi gajeren fika, da zagaye kai da kuma kyakkyawan gini. Abin lura ne cewa matan sun fi na maza yawa, kodayake in ba haka ba sun bambanta kadan.

Tsuntsun mikiya na zinariya

Mikiya na zinariya suna da kyakkyawar gani, amma ba sa iya gani da dare. Ganinsu yana da matukar sha'awar cewa a cikin tsayayyen wuri mai launi gaggafa zinariya ta bambanta maki da yawa na launuka daban-daban. Yanayi ya basu wannan ikon don ganin ganima daga babban tsayi. Misali, yana iya rarrabe kuregen da ke gudana, yana cikin iska daga kasa tsawon kilomita biyu.

Mikiya mai kaifi

A yau, yawan gaggafa masu sanƙo suna cikin haɗari kaɗan. Kasancewa ɗaya daga cikin manyan wakilan avifauna na nahiyar, wannan tsuntsu, tare da gaggafa ta zinariya, suna taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin al'adu da al'adun mutanen gari. Yana da kamannin waje da mikiya, ana fifita shi da farin jijiyar kai.

Daursky crane

Ayyukan ɗan adam na siyasa da aikin gona yana haifar da raguwar adadin kwanukan Daur. Mutane suna ta fadama fadama, suna gina madatsun ruwa, suna cinna wuta a dazuzzuka. Bugu da kari, a yankin da ake samun kwanukan Dauriya, akwai rikice-rikicen soja, wanda kuma ke haifar da raguwar adadin tsuntsaye.

Tsuntsu tsuntsu

Dogayen kafafun tsuntsu muhimmin karbuwa ne wanda ya bashi damar matsawa nesa da bakin teku don neman riba. Wannan fasalin tsarin jikin dutsen ba zaba kwatsam bane, tunda tsuntsayen dole ne suyi ta tafiya cikin ruwa mara nisa a duk tsawon rayuwarta, suna neman abincin kansu da taimakon bakin bakin bakin.

Tsuntsun Avocet

Yana da ban sha'awa cewa a lokacin haihuwa da ƙuruciya, bakin ɗan ƙaramin zuriya yana da fasali ko da kuwa yana lankwasawa sama ne kawai da shekaru. Kasancewar cewa a Rasha awl yana rayuwa ne a wani karamin yanki kuma yawan tsuntsayen ba su da yawa, ana yin awl a cikin Red Book na ƙasarmu kuma don haka doka ta kiyaye shi.

Terananan tern

Ananan ƙananan ƙananan suna cikin haɗari. Dalilin wannan mummunan halin kuwa shi ne rashin wuraren da suka dace da gida gida da kuma yawaitar ambaliyar ruwa a wuraren da ambaliyar take.

Mujiya tsuntsu

Mujiya gaggafa tsuntsu ne na abin farauta, wanda kowa ya san shi, amma mutane kalilan ne suka san cewa yiwuwar bacewar wannan tsuntsu gaba daya tana da yawa. Wani fasali daban daga sauran mujiyoyi shine kunnuwa na musamman, an rufe su da gashin tsuntsaye masu girma da girma.

Mujiyoyi na Mikiya suna rayuwa mai ma'ana, suna tsoron mutane kuma sun fi son farauta su kadai. Yankin tudu ne da filin tsaunuka wanda ke basu damar samun abinci a yalwace: kwadi, ƙanana da ƙananan beraye, wani lokacin kuma kwari.

Idanuwan amber-yellow da haske rawaya zuwa launin ruwan kasa suna yin gaske wannan tsuntsu yayi kama da mujiya na kowa. Mujiya gaggafa ta mata ta fi namiji girma, idan ba haka ba a waje ba shi da bambanci sosai.

Tsuntsun Bustard

Wannan tsuntsu ya sami suna mai ban sha'awa don salon shiri don tashi. Kafin tashinsa, karamin dan amshin shatan ya girgiza da kururuwa sannan kawai ya daga kasa ya baje fikafikan sa.

Babban kamun kifi

Babban kamun kifin mai kamala ya kai tsawon cm 43. Ana iya ganin wata damuwa a kan kai. Uman toho da ruwan toka-fararen fata. Kirjin da wuyansa farare ne. Mai kamun kifi ya fi so ya zauna tare da bankunan tsaunukan tsaunuka masu sauri.

Tsuntsayen tsuntsayen Japan

Yawan ya yi kasa matuka, amma mai yiyuwa ne ba a gano wasu daga cikin masu kiwo ba. Mazaunin wani jinsi a wani yanki ya dogara da yanayin yanayi na shekara, musamman akan matakin ruwa a cikin tabkuna, wanda shine dalilin da yasa yawan mutanen gida na iya bambanta sosai.

Aljannar tashi tsuntsu

Ba a san adadin masu farautar aljanna ba, amma yawan mutane yana raguwa ko'ina. Babban dalilan sune konewa daga yankunan daji sakamakon gobarar daji, sare dazuzzuka dazuzzuka, da tumbuke bishiyoyi da bishiyoyi.

Mazaunan jinsunan a wasu yankuna sun canza gaba ɗaya kuma sun rikide zuwa amfanin gona, waɗanda makiyaya suka mamaye. Sake haifar da tsuntsaye yana da tasiri ta hanyar hargitsi; can tashin hankali masu tashin hankali na iya barin gida tare da ƙwai da aka sanya.

Tsuntsun shaggy nuthatch

Sakamakon sarewa, yankin da aka rufe da masu tsattsauran ra'ayi ya ragu sosai, wani yanki na yankin an fada masa wuta sau biyu. Nuthatches sun daina zama a waɗancan yankuna waɗanda ba su canza yanayin ilimin lissafi ba.

Yawancin "mazaunan" masu fuka-fukai na littafin Red Book na Rasha ana iya kidaya su a zahiri a hannu ɗaya. Hakanan yana yiwuwa cewa tambayar ko wane tsuntsaye ne a cikin Red Book of Russia nan gaba kadan za'a bita tare da sanya sabbin jerin wadanda zasu fafata domin karewa da karewa.

Cikakken jerin tsuntsayen da ke cikin littafin Red Book na Rasha

Kalli bidiyon: Gwamnati ta hana zanga zanga a Najeriya - Labaran Talabijin na 15102020 (Disamba 2024).