Fox shine dabba wanda yake cikin dangin canine. Akwai adadi mai yawa na nau'in fox a cikin yanayi. Amma daidai babban kunnuwa fox dauke da na musamman da matukar wuya jinsin. Ana kiran wannan nau'in don haka saboda wakilansu suna da dogaye, dogayen kunnuwa, wanda ya kai tsayi zuwa santimita 15.
Sunan wannan nau'in, wanda aka fassara daga Girkanci zuwa Rashanci, na nufin "babban kare mai kunnuwa". A kasashen Afirka da yawa, ana daukar dabbar a matsayin mai farauta da kuma barazana ga kananan dabbobi, a wasu wuraren ma ana kiwata ta a matsayin dabbar dabba.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Babban kunnuwa fox
Babban kunnuwa mai kunnen doki na mambobi ne na dabbobi, wakili ne na umarnin dabbobi masu cin nama, dangin canine, wadanda aka kebe su cikin jinsi da nau'ikan babban kunnuwa.
Dawakai masu kunnuwan kunne, kamar sauran wakilan gidan canine, sun fito ne daga myacids a ƙarshen Paleocene, kimanin shekaru miliyan hamsin da suka gabata. Bayan haka, an raba dangin canine gida biyu: kano da feline. Tsohon kakannin babban kunnuwa, kamar sauran karnukan, shi ne ci gaba. An gano gawarsa a yankin kudu maso yammacin Texas a yau.
Bidiyo: Babban kunnuwa fox
Nazarin da aka yi game da kakannin kakannin, ya nuna cewa suna da jiki kuma ya fi tsayi da yawa. A yayin aiwatar da juyin halitta, mai farauta ya canza. An raba shi zuwa ƙananan ƙananan ƙasashe, ɗayan ɗayan shine babban kunnuwa mai kunnuwa. Saboda bambance-bambancen yanayi a yankin mazauninsu da iyakancewar tushen abinci, wannan nau'in dabbobin ya koma ciyar da kwari.
Dawakai masu kunnuwan kunnuwa suna buƙatar ɗumbin kwari don ciyar da kansu, kuma manyan kunnuwa waɗanda zasu iya ɗaukar ƙaramin motsi na kwari koda cikin karkashin ƙasa suna taimaka musu wajen bincike. Bayanin farko na jinsin ya kasance daga mai binciken Faransa - masanin kimiyyar dabbobi Anselm Demare a 1822.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Dabbar mai kunnuwan dabbobi
A waje, yana da abubuwa da yawa iri ɗaya tare da jackal da karnuka. Dawowar tana da sassaucin tsarin mulki da gajerun gaɓoɓi. Legsafafu na gaba suna da yatsa biyar, ƙafafun kafa huɗu. Gaban goshin na da doguwa, kaifi masu kaifi, sun kai santimita biyu da rabi a tsayi. Suna aiki azaman kayan haƙa digging.
Hannun dabba ƙananan ne, mai kaifi, mai tsayi. A fuskar akwai wasu zagaye, masu bayyana a baki. Tana sanye da wani irin mask wanda aka yi shi da duhu, kusan ulu ulu. Kunnuwa da gabobin jiki kalarsu daya. Kunnuwa suna da girma, masu kusurwa uku, an dan rage su zuwa gefuna. Idan Fox ya ninka su, a saukake zasu rufe dukkan kan dabbar. Bugu da kari, a cikin kunnuwa ne adadi mai yawa na jijiyoyin jini, wadanda ke tseratar da fox daga zafin nama a yanayin tsananin zafin rana da zafin Afirka.
Bakar bera mai kunnuwa ba ta da ƙarfi, maƙwabta masu ƙarfi ko manyan hakora. Tana da hakora 48, wadanda suka hada da tushen 4 da kuma hakori. Hakoran kanana ne, amma saboda wannan tsari na muƙamuƙin, dabbar tana iya tauna abinci nan take kuma da yawa.
Tsawon jikin babban mutum ya kai rabin mita. Tsayin da ya bushe bai wuce santimita arba'in ba. Nauyin jiki ya bambanta tsakanin kilo 4-7. Ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i da muhimmanci ba. Wannan nau'in yana da doguwar doguwa mai laushi. Tsawon sa ya kusan daidai da tsayin jiki kuma yakai santimita 30-40. Thearshen wutsiya galibi galibi yana cikin buroshi mai laushi mai laushi.
Launin dabbar ma ba daya yake da na yawancin dawakai ba. Yana da launi mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya, na iya samun launin azurfa-mai launin toka-toka. Gabobin jiki launin ruwan kasa ne masu duhu, ko baƙi, wuya da ciki rawaya ne mai haske, fari.
Ina babban kunnuwa fox yake zaune?
Photo: Babban kunnuwa na Afirka
Karnukan kunnuwa masu kunnuwan kunnuwan sun fi yawa a cikin kasashe masu zafi tare da yanayi mai zafi a cikin nahiyar Afirka. Sun zauna a cikin savannas, yankuna masu tsaka-tsakin, a kan yankin wanda akwai kaurin itace mai tsayi, ciyawa, dazuzzuka. Suna da mahimmanci don dabbobi su iya ɓoyewa daga rana mai zafi da zafi, da ɓoyewa daga bi da maƙiyi.
Mazaunin fox-kunnuwa mai girma:
- AFIRKA TA KUDU;
- Namibia;
- Botswana;
- Swaziland;
- Zimbabwe;
- Lisoto;
- Zambiya;
- Angola;
- Mozambique;
- Sudan;
- Kenya;
- Somalia;
- Eritrea;
- Tanzania;
- Uganda;
- Habasha;
- Malawi.
A cikin mazaunin babban kunnuwa, tsayin ciyawar bai kamata ya wuce santimita 25-30 ba. In ba haka ba, ba za su iya samun isasshen abinci da ƙwari daga ƙasa ba. Idan babu wadataccen abinci a yankin da dabbobi suke, suna neman wani wurin zama inda zan iya ciyar da kaina cikin sauƙi.
Yana amfani da burrow a matsayin wurin zama. Koyaya, baƙon abu ne ga waɗannan canines su haƙa mafaka da kansu. Suna amfani da ramuka waɗanda wasu wakilan duniyar dabbobi suka tona, amma saboda wasu dalilai ba a zaune. Yawancin yini, galibi a rana, suna ɓoye cikin rami mai sanyi. Mafi yawancin lokuta, suna amfani da burbushin wuraren adon kayan tarihi, wanda ke haƙa sabon gida wa kansu kusan kowace rana.
Saboda yaduwar kwatancin, manyan dodon kunnuwa sun kasu kashi biyu. Ofayansu yana zaune ne a gabashin yankin Afirka daga Sudan zuwa tsakiyar Tanzania, na biyu - a yankin kudanci daga Jamhuriyar Afirka ta Kudu zuwa Angola.
Menene fox mai kunnuwa mai kunnuwa yake ci?
Photo: Babban kunnuwa fox
Duk da cewa karen kunnuwa masu kunnuwa dabbobi ne masu cin karensu ba babbaka, babban tushen abinci a gare su sam ba nama bane. Abin mamaki shine, suna cin kwari. Abincin da aka fi so shi ne kwatancin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Adultaya daga cikin manya yana cin misalin sau miliyan 1.2 a shekara.
Wadannan mayukan suna da hakora 48. Duk da wannan, ƙarfin kuzarinsu ba shi da ƙarfi sosai ga ƙarfin haƙarwar wasu mafarauta. Wannan saboda ba mafarauta bane, kuma basu da bukatar cin nama, riƙe kayan ganima da yanke shi. Madadin haka, dabi'a ta basu damar iya tauna abinci kusan cikin saurin walƙiya. Lallai, don ƙosar da dabbar yana buƙatar adadi mai yawa.
Dabbar tana amfani da kunnuwa wajen neman abinci. Suna iya ɗaukar ƙaramin sautunan kwari masu motsi koda cikin ƙasa. Bayan ya kama wani sanannen sauti, dabbar sai ta tono kasa da saurin walƙiya tare da ƙarfi, dogayen fika kuma suna cin ƙwari.
Menene tushen abinci:
- Takaddun shaida;
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
- Juicy, matasa harbe na shuke-shuke;
- Tushen;
- Tsutsa;
- Kwari, beetles;
- Kudan zuma;
- Gizo-gizo;
- Kunama;
- Kadangaru;
- Mamananan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Tabbatacce ne a kimiyance cewa wadannan wakilan dangin canine hakori ne mai zaki. Suna farin cikin cin zuma daga ƙudan zuma da 'ya'yan itace masu daɗi, mai' ya'yan itace. A gaban irin waɗannan kayan abinci, za su iya cin su kawai na dogon lokaci.
A duk tarihin kasancewar mazauna nahiyar Afirka, ba a rubuta ko guda daya na hare-hare kan dabbobin gida ba. Wannan gaskiyar ta tabbatar da cewa lallai su ba mafarauta bane. Dawakai ba sa zuwa wurin shayarwa, tunda buƙatun jiki na danshi suna rufe ta cin 'ya'yan itace da sauran nau'ikan abinci mai ofano na asalin tsirrai.
Suna zuwa neman abinci galibi da daddare saboda tsananin zafin. Don neman abinci, suna iya yin tafiya mai nisa - kilomita 13-14 a kowane dare.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hoto: Kura mai kunnuwa daga Afirka
Waɗannan wakilan dangin canine suna jagorantar ƙauracewa, rayuwar yawo. Sun saba da yankin dangane da yawan abinci. Idan ya gama gajiya, sai su koma wasu wuraren.
Foxs dabi'a ɗaya ne. Maza suna zaɓar mace waɗanda suke rayuwa tare da su a duk rayuwarsu. Ma'aurata suna zaune tare a cikin kabari iri ɗaya, suna barci gefe da gefe, suna taimakon juna don kula da ulu, kiyaye shi da tsabta. Akwai yanayin lokacin da maza ke rayuwa tare da mata biyu a lokaci guda, suna yin wata irin mace.
A cikin al'amuran da ba safai ba, za su iya zama a cikin rukuni. Kowane iyali ko rukuni na da yankin da yake zaune, wanda yakai kusan kadada 70-80. Ba al'ada bane a gare su don yiwa yankin su alama da kare haƙƙin mallake ta.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. A dabi'ance, ana daukar dawakai masu kunnuwan kunnuwan dabbobi marasa nutsuwa, amma suna yawan magana da juna ta hanyar samar da wasu sauti. Zasu iya samar da sautuka na mitoci daban-daban. Bakwai daga cikinsu sun kasance kaɗan, kuma an tsara su don sadarwa tare da waɗanda suka haɗu, biyu suna da ƙafa kuma ana amfani dasu don sadarwa tare da abokan hamayya da masu fafatawa.
Idan dabbobin ba za su iya samun burrow ɗin kyauta ba, sai su tona nasu. Koyaya, suna kama da labyrinth na gaske tare da ƙofofi da ƙofofi da yawa, dakunan taruwa da yawa. Idan masu farauta suka sami damar gano ramin, dangin kodago cikin hanzari sukan tashi daga matsugunansu su tono wa kansu wata sabuwa, ba ta da girma da girma.
Idan wani fox ya zama abun nema daga mai farauta, sai farat ɗaya ya fara gudu, ya shiga cikin ciyawar ciyawa ko ciyawar daji, sa'annan ya canza yanayin aikinta a saurin walƙiya, yana juya ɗaya daga cikin gabansu. Wannan aikin yana ba ka damar ci gaba da saurin gudu da nutsuwa ba tare da an lura da shi ba zuwa ɗayan ɗakunan binciken mafaka da yawa. Hakanan asalin halitta ne a cikin dabbobi don rikita masu cin nama, suna komawa ta sawunsu.
Ayyukan yau da kullun ya dogara da yanayin. A cikin tsananin zafi da zafi yana aiki sosai a cikin duhu, a lokacin sanyi yana aiki da rana.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Babban kunnuwa fox
Karnukan kunnuwan kunnuwan dabi'a daya ne, kuma suna rayuwa tare da mace daya a tsawon rayuwarsu. Koyaya, akwai lokuta idan maza suka zaɓi mata biyu kuma suka zauna tare da su. Bugu da ƙari, suna da jituwa sosai da juna, suna taimakawa wajen kula da zuriyar.
Zafin mace na wani kankanin lokaci - kwana daya kacal. A wannan ɗan gajeren lokacin ne mutane ke gudanar da ayyukansu har sau goma. An haifi 'ya'yan Fox sau ɗaya kawai a shekara. Lokacin haihuwa shine kwanaki 60-70. An haifi Kubiyoyi a lokacin da damina ta kasance a yankin na nahiyar Afirka, kuma an lura da yawan kwari, waɗanda suke da mahimmanci don ciyar da mata da yara.
Mafi yawanci ana haihuwar jarirai ɗaya zuwa biyar. Namiji yana taka rawa wajen kula da su. Yana kula da kabarin, yana samo musu abinci, yana taimakawa wajen kula da ulu. Idan mata biyu ne, na biyun shima yana taimakawa wajen ciyar dasu da kula dasu. An haife su makaho, tsirara kuma marasa taimako. Mace tana da nono guda huɗu kawai, dangane da ita a zahiri ba za ta iya ciyar da ƙarin 'ya'yan ba. Sau da yawa akwai yanayi yayin da ita da kanta ke kashe yara ƙanana masu rauni da marasa ƙarfi.
Wahayin ya bayyana a cikin dawakai a ranar tara - goma. Makonni biyu bayan haka, suna barin kogon kuma suna bincika sararin da ke kusa. A wannan lokacin, jikin dabbobi yana rufe da ruwan toka. Karnukan suna ciyar da madarar uwa har tsawon makonni 15. Bayan wannan, gaba daya suna canzawa zuwa abincin da manya suke ci. A hankali suna koyon yadda za su sami abincin kansu. Lokacin balaga yana farawa daga watanni 7-8 da haihuwa. A wasu lokuta, matan mata suna ci gaba da kasancewa a cikin ƙungiyar.
Abokan gaba na manyan dawakai
Photo: Babban kunnuwa na Afirka
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, makiya wannan wakilin gidan canine sune:
- Python;
- Cheetah;
- Karnukan daji na Afirka;
- Kuraye;
- Zakuna;
- Damisa;
- Jakarwa;
- Mutum.
Babban haɗari ga yawan mutane shine mutum, yayin da yake lalata dabbobi gaba ɗaya don samun nama, da kuma furcin mai darajar dabbar da ba ta da yawa. An kashe manyan karnukan kunnuwan da yawa. Mafi sauki ga halaye matasa ne, waɗanda manya ke barin su na ɗan lokaci. Ba kawai manyan mafarauta ne ke farautar su ba, har ma da tsuntsaye.
Da muhimmanci rage yawan cututtukan dabbobi kamar su rabies. Foararen kunnuwa masu kunnuwan kunne, kamar sauran mayuka, suna da saukin kamuwa da wannan cuta. Yana kashe kusan kowace rubu'in mutanen da ke wannan yankin.
Mafarauta da yawa suna lalata dabbobi, ban da su, 'yan ƙasa da sauran ƙasashen nahiyar Afirka suna farautar dawakai. Fur yana cikin tsananin buƙata kuma yana da daraja ƙwarai, kuma ana ɗaukar nama a matsayin ainihin mai ɗanɗano a cikin wuraren samar da abinci na gida.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Babban kunnuwa fox
A yau, yawan dabbobi ya ragu sosai. Masu bincike - masanan kan dabbobi sun yi iƙirarin cewa ba a yi musu barazanar halaka ba. Dangane da wannan, ba a saka su a cikin Littafin Ja ba kuma ba a hana farautar su a matakin doka.
A zamanin da, yawan dabbobi ya wadatar a gabaci da kudancin yankin Afirka. Koyaya, a yau an hallaka su sosai a yankuna da yawa. A cikin wasu daga cikinsu akwai barazanar ɓacewa gaba ɗaya.
Koyaya, masanan dabbobi suna jayayya cewa tare da fadada ƙasar noma, yankin makiyaya ya ƙaru, wanda ya faɗaɗa yankin rarraba tushen abincin kịta - termit. Dangane da wannan, a cikin irin waɗannan yankuna, yawan dawakai masu kunnuwan kunnuwansu sun karu zuwa mutane 25-27 a kowace murabba'in kilomita. Wannan lambar ta saba wa wasu yankuna na yankin Afirka ta Kudu.
A wasu yankuna, yawan waɗannan wakilan gidan canine sun yi ƙasa ƙwarai - daga mutane 1 zuwa 7 a kowane murabba'in kilomita ɗaya. Masu binciken sunyi jayayya cewa mafi girman hatsari shine lalata wata hanyar haɗi mai mahimmanci a cikin yanayin halittu, wanda, idan aka lalata shi gaba ɗaya, baza'a iya dawo dashi ba. Hakanan, tare da raguwar yawan karnukan, yawan kwatancin yana ƙaruwa sosai, wanda ke haifar da haɗari ga mazaunan yankin.
Babban kunnuwa fox dabba ce mai matukar kyau da ban sha'awa. Koyaya, sakamakon aikin ɗan adam, lambarta a cikin mahalli na asali ya ragu sosai. Idan ba ku ɗauki matakan lokaci don kiyayewa da dawo da yawan jama'a ba, kuna da sakamakon da ba za a iya kawar da shi ba.
Ranar bugawa: 02.04.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 19.09.2019 a 12:41
