Sable na Japan yana ɗaya daga cikin wakilan dangin shahidai. Ana girmama shi saboda gashinta na marmari, ana ɗaukarta a matsayin Mai Parna kuma ya kasance na dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Bayanin sable na Japan
Sable na Jafananci dabba ce mai saurin walwala daga dangin shahidai... An kuma kira shi Jafananci marten. Yana da kananan hukumomi guda uku - Martes melampus, Martes melampus coreensis, Martes melampus tsuensis. Jauhari mai mahimmanci na dabba, kamar sauran sabulu, shine mafarautan masu farauta.
Bayyanar
Kamar sauran nau'ikan halittu, Jafananci marten yana da siririn jiki sassauƙa, gajerun kafafu da kai mai kamanni. Tare da kai, tsawon jiki na baligi yakai cm 47-54, kuma jelar dogo ya kai cm 17-23. Amma mafi halayyar bayyanar dabbar mai laushi itace jelar marmari da fur. Hakanan dabbar tana jan hankali da gashinta mai launin rawaya mai launin rawaya. Hakanan akwai martin Jafananci waɗanda ke da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. A hakikanin gaskiya, gashin dabbobi na da launi "sake kamanni" don halayen mazaunin.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Wani abu mai ban mamaki, mai ban mamaki game da wannan kyakkyawan sable shine tabon haske a wuyansa. A wasu dabbobin, fari ne daidai, a wasu kuma yana iya zama mai rawaya ko mau kirim.
Maza sun bambanta da mata a cikin babban jiki. Nauyin jikinsu na iya kaiwa kusan kilo biyu, wanda ya ninka na mata sau uku. Nauyin da ake amfani da shi a wajan Japan daga gram 500 zuwa kilogram 1.
Salon rayuwa
Sable na Jafananci ya fi son zama shi kaɗai, kamar yawancin 'yan uwan gidan weasel. Kowane ɗa namiji da mace suna da yankinsu, wanda dabbarsa ke alamta tare da asirin glandar tarin fuka. Kuma, a nan, akwai bambancin jinsi - sikelin yankin mazajen ya kai kusan 0.7 km2, kuma mace ta ɗan yi ƙasa kaɗan - 0.63 km2. A lokaci guda, yankin maza ba ya kan iyaka da yankin na wani namiji, amma koyaushe “yana shiga” filin mata.
Lokacin da lokacin haihuwa ya zo, ana “share” irin waɗannan iyakokin, mata na barin maza su “ziyarce su” don su sami zuriya a nan gaba. Sauran lokaci, iyakokin gida suna kiyaye masu su. Makircin gida yana ba dabbobi damar ƙirƙirar wurin hutawa da zama kawai, amma don samun abinci. Shahidan Jafananci suna gina "gidajensu" don kwanciya da kariya daga makiya a cikin bishiyoyi masu ramuka, da kuma haƙa rami a ƙasa. Motsawa ta cikin bishiyoyi, dabbobi na iya tsalle kusan tsawon mita 2-4!
Tsawon rayuwa
A cikin daji, jaririn Jafananci yana rayuwa kimanin shekaru 9-10.... Dabbobin da aka tsare a cikin fursuna cikin kyakkyawa, kusa da yanayin yanayi, ana iya ƙara tsawon rai. Kodayake wannan ba safai ake samun sa ba, yana da wahala a ga martabar Jafananci ko wasu nau'ikan abinci mai kama da dabbobi a cikin gidan zoo.
Wurin zama, mazauni
Ana samo sable na Jafananci galibi a tsibirin Jafananci - Shikoku, Honshu, Kyushu da Hokkaido. An kwashe dabbar zuwa tsibirin ƙarshe daga Honshu a cikin shekaru 40 don haɓaka masana'antar fur. Hakanan, shahidan Jafananci suna zaune a yankin Tsibirin Koriya. Ungiyoyin da aka fi so da gidan Japan sune gandun daji. Dabbar musamman tana son gandun daji masu tsire-tsire da itacen oak. Zai iya rayuwa har ma a cikin tsaunuka (har zuwa 2000 m sama da matakin teku), idan har akwai bishiyoyi da ke tsiro a wurin, waɗanda suke matsayin wurin kariya da kogo. Yana da wuya lokacin da dabba ta sauka a wani fili.
Kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa ga Jafananci marten a tsibirin Tsushima. Kusan babu hunturu a wurin, kuma 80% na yankin yana cikin daji. Populationananan mazaunan tsibirin, yanayin zafin jiki masu dacewa sune tabbatattun tabbaci na kwanciyar hankali, kwanciyar hankali da haifuwa da dabba mai ɗauke da fur.
Abincin Japan mai cin abinci
Menene wannan dabba mai kyau da kyau? A gefe guda, shi mai farauta ne (amma a kan ƙananan dabbobi kawai), a gefe guda, shi mai cin ganyayyaki ne. Ana iya kiran martanin na Jafananci mai cikakken nutsuwa kuma ba mai son karba ba. Dabbar ta sauƙaƙe ta dace da mazauni da canjin yanayi, kuma zai iya cin ƙananan dabbobi, kwari, 'ya'yan itace da iri.
Yawancin lokaci, abincin Jafananci ya ƙunshi ƙwai, tsuntsaye, frogs, crustaceans, soya, ƙwai, ƙananan dabbobi masu shayarwa, wasps, millipedes, beetles, gizo-gizo, mazaunan tafki daban-daban, beraye, tsutsotsi.
Yana da ban sha'awa! Silin Jafananci, yayin farautar larvae, ba ya taɓa cizon kwari. Saboda wani dalili, ta'addancinsu ya wuce ta fuskokin masu lalata gidajen su. Kamar dai sables sun zama marasa ganuwa a irin wannan lokacin - asirin yanayi!
Marten na Jafananci yana cin 'ya'yan itace da' ya'yan itace lokacin da ya rasa sauran abincin. Yawanci ita "rashin cin ganyayyaki" tana faɗuwa ne daga lokacin bazara zuwa kaka. Ga mutane, kyakkyawan sakamako na martin Jafananci shine cewa yana lalata ƙananan beraye - kwari na filaye kuma shine mai ceton girbin hatsi.
Makiya na halitta
Makiyi mafi hatsari ga kusan dukkanin dabbobi, gami da masarrafar Jafananci, mutum ne wanda burin sa shine kyakkyawar gashin dabbar. Mafarauta suna farautar fur a kowace haramtacciyar hanya.
Mahimmanci! A cikin mazaunin gidan Jafananci (ban da tsibirin Tsushim da Hokkaido, inda doka ta kiyaye dabba), ba a ba da izinin farauta kawai na watanni biyu - Janairu da Fabrairu!
Abokin gaba na biyu na dabba shine mummunan yanayin ilimin muhalli: dabbobi da yawa suma suna mutuwa saboda abubuwa masu guba da ake amfani dasu a cikin aikin gona.... Saboda waɗannan abubuwan biyu, yawan sabulu na Jafananci ya ragu ƙwarai da gaske don haka dole ne a saka su cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya. Amma ga makiya na halitta, kadan ne daga cikinsu. Lalacin dabba da salon rayuwar dare kariya ce ta halitta daga haɗarin da ke tafe. Shahararren Jafananci, lokacin da ta ji barazanar ga rayuwarta, nan da nan yakan ɓuya a cikin rami ko bishiyoyi.
Sake haifuwa da zuriya
Lokacin saduwa da sadarwar Jafananci yana farawa ne daga farkon watan bazara... Daga watan Maris ne zuwa Mayu ne saduwar dabbobi take faruwa. Mutanen da suka balaga - shekaru 1-2 da haihuwa suna shirye don samar da zuriya. Lokacin da mace ta yi ciki, don kada wani abu ya hana a haifi ppan kwikwiyo, sai diapause ya shiga cikin jiki: duk wasu matakai, an hana motsa jiki, kuma dabbar na iya ɗaukar ciki a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
Daga tsakiyar watan Yuli zuwa rabin farkon watan Agusta, an haifi zuriyar Jafananci. Landan ya ƙunshi consistsan kwikwiyo 1-5. Haihuwar jarirai an haife su da bakin fur-fluff, makafi kuma ba su da komai. Babban abincinsu shine madarar mace. Da zaran matasa sabulu sun cika shekaru 3-4, suna iya barin burrow na iyaye, tunda sun riga sun iya farauta da kansu. Kuma da balaga za su fara "yiwa alama" kan iyakokin yankunansu.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
A cewar wasu rahotanni, kimanin shekaru miliyan biyu da suka gabata, Jafananci marten (Martes melampus) ya zama jinsin da ya bambanta da na yau da kullun (Martes zibellina). A yau, akwai ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa guda uku - Martes melampus coreensis (mazaunin Kudu da Koriya ta Arewa); Martes melampus tsuensis (tsibirin mazaunin Japan - Tsushima) da M. m. Melampus.
Yana da ban sha'awa!Protectedungiyoyin Martes melampus tsuensis an kiyaye su bisa doka a Tsubirin Tsushima, inda 88% ke da dazuzzuka, wanda 34% na conifers ne. A yau Sable Japanese yana da kariya ta doka kuma yana cikin Lissafi na Duniya.
Saboda ayyukan mutane a cikin yanayin muhalli na Japan, an sami canje-canje masu ban mamaki, waɗanda ba su da kyakkyawan sakamako a rayuwar masarautar ta Japan. Lambarta ta ragu sosai (farauta, amfani da magungunan kwari na noma). A cikin 1971, an yanke shawara don kare dabba.
