Yana da wuya a yi tunanin cewa irin wannan baƙon abu, mai ɗan ban dariya, ƙarami, dabba marsupial kamar opossum, shine ɗayan tsoffin dabbobi waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa zamaninmu, kusan canzawa a cikin bayyanar. Da yawa sun ƙaunace su bayan fitowar fim ɗin mai rai mai suna "Ice Age", inda masu ba da dariya guda biyu Eddie da Crash suka shiga cikin abubuwan ban sha'awa da dama, miliyoyin mutane kuma suka bi su a duniya. Bari muyi kokarin fahimtar daki-daki, tarihi da rayuwar wannan dabba mai laushi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Possum
Iyalan posum rukuni ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa waɗanda ke zaune galibi nahiyar Amurka (ƙari ma, Kudu da Arewacin Amurka). Waɗannan su ne wasu tsofaffin mazaunan Duniya, waɗanda suka rayu har zuwa yau tun daga zamanin Cretaceous. Abin lura ne cewa tun daga waɗancan lokuta masu nisa, dabbobi a cikin kamannin su ba su canza gaba ɗaya ba, don haka, za a iya cewa, an adana su a yadda suke.
Amma game da Amurka, masana kimiyya sun gano cewa asalin abubuwan da ke zaune ne kawai yankin Kudancin Amurka. Daga baya, lokacin da abin da ake kira gada tsakanin Amurka ya tashi, yawancin nau'ikan nau'ikan dabbobi daga Arewacin Amurka sun fara yin ƙaura zuwa Kudu, wanda ya haifar da mutuwar marsupials a Kudancin Amurka. Tabbas, ba duk nau'ikan halittu ne suka rayu ba, amma yana da kyau aƙalla wasu sun wanzu har zuwa zamaninmu kuma sun sami damar daidaitawa da sababbin yanayin rayuwa.
Bidiyo: Masoya
Baya ga gaskiyar cewa waɗannan ƙananan dabbobin sun sami nasarar rayuwa kuma sun daidaita da canje-canje, su da kansu sun bazu ko'ina Arewacin Amurka kusan Kanada. Lokacin karatun asalin waɗannan dabbobin, lallai ya kamata ku kula da bayanan rami, wanda ke sanar da mu cewa sau ɗaya, a zamanin da, wuraren zama a Turai.
Idan baku shiga cikin tarihin dadadden zamani ba, sai dai wanda zai iya samu ga dan Adam, to daya daga cikin ambaton farko da aka ambata a cikin littafin masanin tarihin kasar Spain, firist kuma masanin tarihi Pedro Cieza de Leon ya dawo a shekara ta 1553, ana kiran wannan aikin Tarihin Peru. A ciki, dan Spain din ya bayyana wata karamar dabba, wanda har yanzu ba a san shi ba, wanda ya yi kama da fox, yana da doguwar wutsiya, da kananan kafafu da gashin ruwan kasa.
Dangin dangi mafi kusa da Amurka daga Amurka sune masu kama da bera. Kamar yadda muka riga muka gani, akwai nau'ikan kayan kwalliya da yawa, sun bambanta a zahiri kuma suna zaune a yankuna da dama.
Bari mu bayyana wasu daga cikinsu:
- Opossum na yau da kullun yana da girma, nauyinsa na iya kaiwa 6 kilogiram. Dabbar tana daukar hankali zuwa dazuzzuka dake gefen bankunan kowane irin ruwa, bukukuwa akan hatsi, kadangaru, cin kwari da namomin kaza iri-iri;
- Opossum Virginia shima yana da girman girma (har zuwa kilogiram 6), yana son gandun daji masu tsananin danshi, amma yana rayuwa akan filayen. Yana cin ƙananan beraye, tsuntsaye, ƙwai na tsuntsaye, saurayin zomo;
- Kogin opossum ya wanzu, a zahiri, kusa da ruwa, yana cin kifi, kifin kifi, katanga, yana kama abincin rana ya ci gaba. Wani lokaci ku more 'ya'yan itace. Ba shi da girma kamar sauran jinsin danginsa;
- Mouse opossum kadan ne. Tsawon sa ya kai kimanin cm 15. Yana son gandun daji (har zuwa tsayin kilomita 2.5). Yana cin kwari, qwai tsuntsaye da kowane irin ‘ya’yan itace;
- Gurasar mara nauyi mai launin toka tana da ƙarami sosai, nauyinta ya ɗan zarce gram ɗari, kuma tsayinsa daga 12 zuwa 16 cm.
- Hanyar Patagonian tana da kankanta, nauyinta kawai yakai gram 50. Babban abincin shi shine kwari.
Tabbas, ban da waɗanda aka lissafa, akwai wasu nau'ikan mallaka.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Possum dabba
Mun gano cewa akwai nau'ikan mallaka iri daban-daban a cikin yanayi, sabili da haka, zamuyi la'akari da alamun alamomin waje da sifofin wannan dabba ta amfani da misali na talakawa. Girman wannan dabba ƙananan ne, a tsayinsa ya kai kusan 60 cm, mata ƙasa da santimita 10. Gabaɗaya, posum yayi kama da girmansa zuwa ga babban kyanwa mai girma. Hannun sa yana nuni da tsawo.
Wutsiyar dabbar tana da karfi, ba gashi, ba a rufe da ulu, a gindin tana da kauri sosai. Tare da taimakon sa, kwayar halittar tana rataye a kan rassan lokacin da take bacci ko motsawa a cikin kambin bishiyoyi. Gashi na suturar ba dogo bane, amma an cika shi da yawa da yawa.
Launin dabbobi ya banbanta dangane da jinsinsu da wuraren zamansu, don haka abubuwan mallaka na iya zama:
- Gashi mai duhu;
- Gwal mai launin ruwan kasa;
- Kawa;
- Haske launin toka;
- Baƙi;
- M.
Idan muka yi magana game da wani abu na yau da kullun, to gashinta yana da launin toka tare da farin veins, kuma kansa yana da haske, wanda baƙar fata, kamar ɗamara, idanu da kunnuwa masu kunnen doki suka fito. Hannun dabbobin na da yatsu biyar, kowane yatsu yana da kaifi mai kaifi. Muƙamuƙin dabba yana nuna dadinsa. Kwayar tana da hakora 50, 4 daga cikinsu canines ne, tsarinsu da wurinsu suna kama da tsarin haƙoran tsoffin dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Halin halayyar dabba ita ce kasancewar jaka a ciki tana ɗauke da yara, saboda an haife su da wuri, kuma a ciki suke girma kuma suna da ƙarfi. Poan jakar kuɗi ne na fata da ke buɗewa zuwa jela. Abin sha'awa, wasu nau'ikan halittu sun rasa jaka, watau ba su da kaya, kuma cuba thean suna rataye a kirjin uwar har sai sun sami 'yanci.
Ina posum yake zama?
Hoto: Babban hoto
A zamanin yau, abubuwan mallaka sun ci gaba da zama na dindindin kawai a cikin Sabuwar Duniya, kodayake a baya sun yadu ko'ina cikin Turai, kamar yadda aka gano ta wurin binciken burbushin halittu. Possums sun zauna a yankunan ƙasashen biyu na Amurka (Arewa da Kudu). Kwanan nan, masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun lura cewa mazauninsu yana nisa sosai zuwa arewa, yana isa kudu maso gabashin Kanada da erananan Antilles.
Magunguna suna ɗaukar zato zuwa gandun daji, steppes, yankunan hamada. Suna zaune ne a filaye da kuma wuraren tsaunuka, ba su haura sama da kilomita 4 ba. Domin Akwai nau'ikan mallaka iri-iri da yawa, sa'annan sun ba da fifiko ga wuraren zama daban-daban. Wasu nau'ikan suna buƙatar kusancin ruwa, suna yin salon rayuwa ta ruwa, suna yin rami a cikin ramuka na bishiyoyi. Har yanzu, yawancin membobin gidan suna rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi ko a ƙasa.
Abun birgewa mai ban sha'awa shine cewa wasu jinsunan suna zama kusa da mazaunin mutane, kodayake galibi mafi yawan masu mallakar sun fi so su guji mutane, ta hanyar kewaye su.
Menene posum yake ci?
Hotuna: Abin dariya mai ban sha'awa
Zamu iya cewa posum yana da komai. Yana cin abincin shuka da na dabbobi. Gabaɗaya, abubuwan ɗanɗano da ya fi so sun dogara ne da irin wurin da yake zaune. An lura cewa suna cin ɗumbin ɗumbin yawa, da alama ba za su iya wadatarwa ba, amma wannan ba haka bane. Dabbobi suna da hankali kuma suna cin abinci a ajiye, suna tara kitse idan da yunwa, lokuta masu wahala sun zo. Cin naman mutane abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare tsakanin wadannan dabbobin daji.
Yawanci menu mai yuwuwa ya ƙunshi:
- Duk nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace;
- 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari
- Namomin kaza;
- Daban-daban kwari;
- Zananan ƙadangare;
- Rodananan rodents;
- Kifi, kayan ɓawon burodi, tsire-tsire (a cikin ruwa);
- Birdsananan tsuntsaye;
- Kwan tsuntsaye;
- Ganye;
- Ganye;
- Masarar masara;
- Na hatsi iri-iri.
Idan kuna da irin wannan dabbar da baƙon abu a matsayin mai ɗorewa, to, zaku iya ciyar da shi da kayan lambu iri-iri, 'ya'yan itace, naman kaji da ƙwai. Ana iya ciyar da Opossum da abincin kuli na yau da kullun, amma ba koyaushe ba kuma ba yawa ba. Kuma sha'awar sa a koyaushe kyakkyawa ce.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Possum
A dabi'arsu, kayan kwalliya ne kawai kuma suna samun ma'aurata ne kawai a lokacin saduwa, sun fi son yin rayuwar keɓe, keɓewa. Waɗannan dabbobin suna rayuwa ta yamma, suna kunnawa idan dare ya yi. Da rana, dabbobi suna kwanciya a cikin kabarinsu ko cikin rawanin bishiyoyi, suna rataye daga reshe tare da taimakon wutsiyarsu mai ƙarfi, abin da ke tuna da tanti. Barci mai kyau da kuma dadi shine abin da aka fi so ga abubuwan mallaka, wanda zasu iya ci gaba da shiga cikin kusan awanni 19 a rana.
Gabaɗaya, bisa ɗabi'a, dabbobin suna da kunya sosai kuma suna taka tsantsan, suna guje wa haɗuwa da mutum, kamun ludayin ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba. A saman wannan, ainihin masu nutsuwa ne, suna yin kusan sauti ba. Dabbar tana ihu ba safai ba, sai lokacin da ta ji tsananin ciwo. A wasu halaye, ɗumbin dukiya ba su da dalilin tattaunawa mai zafi da tattaunawa mai ƙarfi. Halin dabbobin yana da nutsuwa sosai, ba a lura da halayyar tashin hankali a bayansu ba.
Opossums ƙwararrun ƙwarin guba ne masu kwazo, suna shirye su rataye a kan rassan bishiyoyi tsawon yini; galibi suna yin bacci juye, suna manne da reshe da jelarsu. Hakanan, tare da taimakon wutsiya ɗaya da ƙafafun ƙafafun kafa, suna ta motsawa cikin rawanin kore. Tabbas, akwai nau'ikan da ke rayuwa kai tsaye a cikin ƙasa, amma akwai wasu madogara da yawa waɗanda ke jagorantar salon rayuwa. A dabi'ance, baiwa ta ruwa shine ikon yin iyo, wanda yayi amfani dashi daidai, samun abincinsa daga ruwa.
Aya daga cikin siffofin rayuwar ɗumbin ɗumbin yawa shine salon su na yawo (yawo). Kullum suna tafiya daga wuri zuwa wuri, ba tare da keɓaɓɓun yankinsu ba, kamar sauran dabbobi. Dabbobin da ke zaune a yankunan arewa suna bacci lokacin tsananin sanyi. A lokacin, a ranaku mafi zafi da rana, mai yiwuwa ya farka don shakatawa, tare da kasancewa a farke na wani ɗan gajeren lokaci.
Daga cikin waɗanda suka sayi irin wannan dabbar dabbar a matsayin fataccen fata, akwai ra'ayi cewa waɗannan dabbobin ba su da cikakken hankali, amma suna da wasa da yarda, tabbas ba za ku gundura da su ba!
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Yarinyar yara
Maɗaurai guda ɗaya suna saduwa kawai don ɗan gajeren lokacin jima'i. A cikin nau'ikan daban-daban, yana faruwa a lokuta daban-daban. Misali, damin Arewacin Amurka yana haifar da zuriya kusan sau uku a shekara, kuma waɗannan nau'ikan da suka fi son yankuna masu zafi suna hayayyafa duk shekara. Dabbobin da ba sa rayuwa a cikin bishiyoyi suna yin wani abu kamar sheƙan tsuntsaye, kuma dabbobin ƙasa suna yin kiwo a cikin ɓoyayyun burukan wani, keɓaɓɓun rami da tsakanin manyan bishiyoyin.
Ya kamata a lura cewa kayan kwalliya suna da amfani sosai. Litaurin dabbobi na iya samun jarirai 25, amma wannan ba safai ba. Yawancin lokaci ana haihuwar jarirai 8 zuwa 15. Kodayake yana faruwa cewa an haifi jarirai da yawa a lokaci daya, masu saurin fahimta ne kawai suke iya rayuwa, saboda uwa tana da nono 12 ko 13 ne kawai. Tsawon lokacin da mace take ciki ba ta da tsayi kuma kusan kwanaki 25 ne, a cikin ƙananan jinsuna kusan 15 ne. Jarirai suna da ƙanƙan da rashin ƙarfi, kama da na amfrayo, nauyinsu kawai gram 2 - 5.
A cikin kayan masarufi, jarirai suna balaga a cikin jaka, inda kan nonon yake don baiwa jariran madara. A cikin dabbobin mahaukaci, jarirai suna rataye kai tsaye a kan mama, suna mannewa kan nono. Bayan kamar 'yan watanni, jarirai suna zama kamar dabbobin manya, suna lulluɓe da gashi, samun ganinsu da yin kiba. Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa uwa tana kula da yaranta da ruwan nono na dogon lokaci, wannan lokacin yana tsawan watanni uku cikakke.
Rayuwa ba sauki ga uwa mai akuna, wannan ana iya cewa, a zahiri da kuma a alamance, saboda yaran da suka girma sun hau ta tare da dukkan manyan dangin, suna manne da gashin da ke bayansu. Ganin cewa uwa tana da yara da yawa, yana da wuya a yi tunanin irin nauyin da take ɗauka a kowace rana. Bayan watanni uku na shayarwa, jarirai sun fara cin abinci kamar manya. Kuma mata da maza duka sun balaga ta hanyar watanni 6 - 8 da haihuwa. Opossums suna rayuwa a cikin yanayin su na kimanin shekaru biyar, a cikin bauta, samfuran mutum sun rayu har zuwa tara.
Abokan gaba na abubuwan mallaka
Hoto: Dabbobin dabbobi
A cikin daji, kayan kwalliya suna da makiya da yawa, saboda dabba ce karama da kunya, saboda haka da yawa daga masu cin kashin kansu ba sa kyamar cin abinci a kansu. Masu cutar rashin lafiyar Possum sun hada da lynxes, foxes, owls da sauran manyan tsuntsayen ganima, kyankyasai. Duk ire-iren macizan suna da haɗari ga dabbobin samari. Baya ga masu farauta, adadi mai yawa na dabbobi suna ɗauke da irin wannan cuta kamar zazzaɓi, wanda galibi ke ɗauke da cutar ta Virginia possum.
Yana da kyau a faɗi daban game da hanya ta musamman ta kariya daga hare-haren wuce gona da iri waɗanda masu amfani da su ke amfani da su yayin shirya wasan kwaikwayo gabaɗaya. Lokacin da barazanar ta gabato, sai masanin ya yi kamar ya mutu da gwaninta ta yadda mai farautar ba zai iya tunanin cewa yana yin kawai ba ne. Opossum ya fadi, idanuwansa sun zama gilasai, ana ganin kumfa daga bakinsa, kuma gyambon ciki na musamman suna fitar da wari. Duk wannan hoton yana tsoratar da maharan da, bayan sun shaka “gawar”, suna jin ƙyama kuma suka tafi. Lokacin da abokan gaba suka tafi, dabbar zata sami rai kuma ta tashi sama, duk da cewa tsawan mintina ya dade da mutuwa. Irin wannan dabarar ta yaudarar a lokuta da yawa tana aiki a cikin ni'imar su, tana tseratar da dabbobi da yawa daga mutuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Possum
Yankunan suna yaɗuwa ko'ina a cikin Amurka, ba a fuskantar barazanar yawan jama'arsu a halin yanzu, ba sa cikin jerin dabbobi masu kariya. Dangane da yanayin ɗan adam, hakika, yana da tasirin gaske a rayuwar ɗumbin dukiya. Ana amfani da fur na dabba don dinka tufafi daban-daban, yana da kyawawan kayan ɗumama, don haka har ma shahararrun samfuran duniya suna yin tufafi daga gashin opossum.
Mutum yana mamaye yankuna da yawa inda dabbobi a baya suke rayuwa, saboda haka dole ne su saba koyaushe. Daga cikin wasu abubuwa, a wasu ƙasashe na Kudancin Amurka, ana cin abincin dabbobi. Wasu lokuta mutane na kashe dabbobi, suna la'akari da su a matsayin kwari na gonaki da lambuna, kodayake basa haifar da babbar illa ga filaye. Yawancin dabbobi da yawa suna mutuwa akan manyan tituna masu cunkoso ƙarƙashin ƙafafun motocin.
A bayyane yake, saboda gaskiyar cewa abubuwan mallaka ba su da ma'ana, masu lalata, masu tauri da haihuwa, duk barazanar da aka lissafa da ke tattare da mutane ba ta shafi yawan jama'a ba, lambar su tana da ƙarfi. Da fatan, wannan zai ci gaba nan gaba.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in ƙara cewa damar tana da ban mamaki da gaske saboda dalilai da yawa. Da fari dai, ya rayu a zamanin da lokacin da dinosaur suka rayu. Yawancin jinsuna sun mutu, kuma ya rinjayi dukkan matsaloli kuma da kyar ya canza fasali. Abu na biyu, shine kawai wakilin marsupials wanda ke zaune a wajen babban yankin Australiya. Abu na uku, shi dan wasan kwaikwayo ne wanda ba ya misaltuwa, yana kwaikwayon mutuwarsa don kare kai. Da kyau, gabaɗaya, yana da kyau da ban dariya! Ya kamata mutum ya kalli hoton wata uwa mai kulawa, ɗauke da ɗaukacin iyalinta masu laushi a kafaɗunta, murmushi nan da nan kuma yanayin ya tashi!
Ranar bugawa: 22.03.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/15/2019 a 17:58
