Ruwan tekunan duniya suna cike da mazauna iri-iri, waɗanda suka bambanta da juna a zahiri, sifofi masu ban sha'awa, da sunaye marasa ban mamaki. A wasu lokuta, yanayin bayyanar mazaunan tekun ne da kamanceceniyarsu da kowane irin abu, kayan aikin da ke basu damar samun sunayensu. Saw kifi shine irin wannan mazaunin tekun.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Saw kifi
Kifin zafin kifi a matsayin jinsin shine mazaunin Tekun Duniya wanda ya wanzu har zuwa yau tun zamanin Cretaceous. Sawfish na cikin nau'ikan kifin mai gishiri, wanda ya haɗa da kifayen kifayen fata, haskoki da skates. Wani fasalin wannan rukunin shine cewa kifin nasa yana da kwarangwal na ƙwayar cartilaginous, ba na ƙashi ba. A cikin wannan rukunin, an haɗa kifin kifin a cikin dangin stingrays, kodayake ba shi da ƙaya a cikin tsarinsa, halayyar wakilan wannan rukunin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: A baya, al'adu da yawa suna amfani da hoton kifin sawfish a matsayin alama ta ƙabila, misali, Aztec.
Sawfish ya sami sunan ne daga gaban kan faffadar ƙashi mai faɗi tare da gefuna masu kaifi, kwatankwacin zina mai gefe biyu. Sunan kimiyya shine rostrum. Wasu nau'ikan kifayen kifayen kifi da haskoki suna da wannan fasalin. Koyaya, kalmar "sawfish" ta makale a cikin mayuka, sunan halittar wanda daga sunan latin din "Pristidae" yana kama da "raƙumin raƙumi na yau da kullun" ko "mai hangen hanci"
Bambance-bambance tsakanin yankakken kifin kifin da kifin kifin, wanda sau da yawa masaniyar masu binciken ke rikita shi, sune:
- Shark ɗin da aka ga ya fi kifin da yawa. Na farko mafi yawanci yakan kai mita 1.5 kawai, na biyu - mita 6 ko fiye;
- Siffofin fin fin daban-daban. Abubuwan da aka fi sani da Sharkins sharks an bayyana su kuma an raba su da jiki. Don haskoki masu yankewa, suna tafiya a hankali cikin layukan jiki;
- A cikin rayukan hancin-hanci, guntun gill din suna kan ciki, a cikin shark, a tarnaƙi;
- Abin da ake kira "saw" - ci gaba a kai - a cikin haskoki masu hancin hanci ya fi daidai kuma har ma da fadi, kuma ƙididdigar suna da siffa iri ɗaya. A cikin kifayen sharka, fitowar an taƙaita zuwa ƙarshenta, dogayen gashin baki suna tsiro a kanta, da haƙoran masu girma dabam dabam.
- Motsi na shark yana faruwa ne saboda ƙarancin wutsiya, lokacin da yake yin motsi mai kaifi. Katako yana tafiya lami lafiya, tare da motsi jikin motsi.
Sawfish ana ɗaukarsa mara kyau sosai, don haka ba a san ainihin adadin nau'insa ba. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun gano nau'ikan 7 na hasken sawnose: kore, Atlantic, Bature (na duka mafi girma - har tsawon mita 7 a tsayi), mai haƙori, Australiya (ko Queensland), Asiya da tsefe.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Sawfish abin ci ne, amma ba a ɗauke shi kasuwanci ba. Lokacin kamun kifi, yafi kama da ganima, saboda naman sa yana da matukar wahala.
Duk haskoki masu hancin gani sun kasu kashi biyu bisa ƙungiya, ya danganta da girman ƙididdigar: a ɗayan suna da girma, kuma a dayan - ƙarami. A bakin, sawbore shima yana da hakora waɗanda suka fi ƙanana girma amma girman su ɗaya. Dogaro da nau'in kifin sawfish, suna da daga haƙoran 14 zuwa 34.
Gaskiya mai dadi: Rayuwar kifin kifin yana da girma sosai - kifin kifin yana iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 80.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Kifi ga dabba
Jikin ray mai hancin gani yana da tsawo, kwatankwacin surar jikin kifin shark, amma yana da faɗi. An rufe shi da ma'aunin placoid. Launin jikin kifin daga sawun baya yana da duhu, zaitun-toka-toka. Cikinta mai haske ne, kusan fari ne. Partangaren wutsiya kusan ba a keɓe shi daga jikin katako ba, a zahiri ya haɗu da shi, kasancewar ci gaba ne.
Kifin sawf yana da hanci mai laushi wanda yake da halayya mai tsayi a cikin siffar murabba'i mai dari, kadan-kadan daga tushe zuwa ƙarshe, kuma ya haɗu tare gefensa. Haƙorin da aka gani da gaske an canza su ne wanda aka lullubesu da sikeli. Tsawon ginin shine, a cewar wasu majiyoyi daban-daban, daga 20% zuwa 25% na jimlar tsawon dukan mas ɗin, wanda yake kusan mil 1.2 cikin manya.
Bidiyo: Saw kifi
A gefen gangaren jikin gangaren sawtooth, a gaban kowane fin, akwai layuka biyu na gill a dama da hagu. Hancin hancin ta hanyar tsaguwa, wanda yawanci kuskure ne ga idanu, kuma buɗe baki tare suna da kama da fuska. A zahiri, idanun matattarar kanana ne kuma suna kan ɓangaren jikin mutum. A bayansu akwai mai yayyafa, tare da taimakon abin da aka tsoma ruwa ta cikin kwazazzabon. Wannan yana ba wa gangaren da aka sare zafin ya zama mara motsi a ƙasan.
Hasken sawtooth yana da fikafi 7 ne kawai:
- gefe biyu a kowane gefe. Waɗanda suke kusa da kai suna da faɗi. Sun girma tare da kan, suna tafe da shi. Manyan fika-fikai suna da mahimmancin gaske lokacin da injin dutsen katako ke lilo;
- manyan dorsal biyu;
- din tail, wanda a cikin wasu mutane aka kasu kashi biyu. Theaya, wanda ke kan fincin caudal a cikin haskoki da yawa, ba ya nan.
Saw haskoki suna da girma ƙwarai: tsayin su, a cewar masana ilimin kimiya, kimanin mita 5, wani lokacin ma har zuwa mita 6-7.5. Matsakaicin nauyi - 300-325 kg.
A ina kifin da yake gani yake zama?
Photo: Saw kifi (sawed stingray)
Sawfish yana da mazauni mai fa'ida: galibi waɗannan sune raƙuman ruwa da raƙuman ruwa na dukkan tekuna, ban da Arctic. Mafi yawan lokuta ana iya samunsu a yammacin Tekun Atlantika daga Brazil zuwa Florida, wani lokacin kuma a cikin Tekun Bahar Rum.
Masanan Ichthyologists sunyi bayanin wannan ta hanyar ƙaura na lokaci-lokaci: lokacin rani, raƙuman hancin hanzari suna motsawa daga ruwan kudu zuwa na arewa, kuma a faɗuwar suna komawa kudu. A cikin Florida, ana iya ganin su a ɗakunan karatu da wuraren shakatawa kusan koyaushe yayin watanni masu zafi. Yawancin nau'inta (biyar cikin bakwai) suna rayuwa ne a gefen tekun Ostiraliya.
Idan muka yi magana game da wurin da wasu nau'ikan nau'ikan haskoki masu hancin gani, to zamu iya bambance wannan:
- Ana samun sawnuts na Turai a cikin yankuna masu zafi da na yankuna na Tekun Atlantika da yankin Indo-Pacific, ban da haka, ana samun su a yankin bakin teku na Santarem da kuma a Lake Nicaragua;
- kore sawnuts galibi ana samunsa a yankunan rairayin bakin teku na yankin Indo-Pacific;
- Ana samun sawnuts na Atlantic a cikin yankuna masu zafi da na yankin Pacific da Indian Ocean;
- ana samun naman hakori da na Asiya a yankuna masu gabar teku na Tekun Indiya da Pacific;
- Ostiraliya - a cikin ruwan tekun Australiya da kogunan wannan nahiya;
- tsefe - a cikin Bahar Rum, da kuma a wurare masu zafi da kuma subtropics na Atlantic Ocean.
Hasken shuɗi ya fi son ruwan bakin teku a matsayin mazauninsu, saboda haka yana da matukar wahala a same su a cikin buɗe teku a aikace. Sau da yawa, suna iyo a cikin ruwa mara ƙaranci inda matakin ruwa ke ƙasa. Sabili da haka, ana iya ganin babban fin fin bayan ruwa.
Masassarar itace, tana ganawa cikin teku da ruwa mai kyau, wani lokacin takan yi iyo cikin koguna. A Ostiraliya, ya fi son zama a cikin koguna koyaushe, yana jin daɗi sosai. Sawfish baya jure ruwan da mutum ya gurbata. Sawfish galibi suna zaɓar reefs na wucin gadi, ƙasan laka, algae, ƙasa mai yashi a matsayin mazauninsu. Hakanan za'a iya samun sa a kusa da jiragen ruwa da suka lalace, gadoji, tsattsauran ra'ayi da koguna.
Menene kifin da ya gani?
Photo: Stingray kifi saw
Kifin katako mai farauta ne, don haka yana ciyar da mazaunan ruwan teku. Mafi sau da yawa, tana cin abinci ne a kan ɓaɓɓun raƙuman ruwa da ke rairayi a cikin rairayi da sirara a kan tekun: kagu, shrimps da sauransu Masassarar itace ke samo abincin ta ta hanyar sassauta kasan da hanci wanda ba a saba gani ba, tana tono su, sannan suna cin su.
Bugu da kari, masassarar itace ta fi son ciyar da kan kananan kifi irin su mullet da wakilan dangin herring. A wannan yanayin, ya fashe a cikin makarantar kifi kuma dan lokaci yana fara jujjuya maƙalar sa ta hanyoyi daban-daban. Don haka, kifin ya yi tuntuɓe a kan sanannen sa, kamar saber, ya faɗi ƙasa. Sa'annan rawar-zina a hankali tana tattarawa tana cin ganiminta. Wasu lokuta haskoki masu haske suna farautar manyan kifaye, suna amfani da ƙididdigar su a jikin dutsen don fitar da nama daga cikinsu. Girman makarantar kifi, da alama wataƙila ta sa mamaki ko satar kifin.
Abin da ake kira "saw" shi ma yana taimakawa zarto a wajen neman ganima, saboda an ba ta lantarki. Saboda wannan, dutsen bishiyar yana kula da motsin rayuwar ruwa, yana kama da wata 'yar karamar motsi wacce zata iya yin iyo a cikin ruwa ko binnewa a kasa. Wannan yana ba da damar ganin hoto mai girma uku na sararin da ke kewaye ko da a cikin ruwa mai laka da amfani da ci gabanku a duk matakan farautar. Saw da aka gani a sauƙaƙe ya sami abincinsu, har ma da wani layin ruwa.
An tabbatar da hakan ta hanyar gwaje-gwajen da aka yi akan injinan yanke duwatsu. An sanya tushen rarar fitattun lantarki a wurare daban-daban. Waɗannan wurare ne rayukan hancin hancinsu suka kai hari don kama ganima.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Saw kifi Ja Littafi
Saboda gaskiyar cewa sawdust mafarauci ne, yana da tsananin tashin hankali. Yana da ban tsoro musamman idan aka haɗe shi da kamanceceniya da shark. Koyaya, ga mutum, ba ya kawo haɗari; maimakon haka, akasin haka, ya zama mara lahani. A matsayinka na mai mulki, lokacin saduwa da mutum, ray mai hanci-hanci yana ƙoƙarin ɓoyewa da sauri. Koyaya, idan ya kusanci, mutum ya yi hankali kada ya fusata shi. In ba haka ba, jin haɗari, dutsen na iya amfani da ɗan ƙaramin abu a matsayin kariya da cutar da mutum.
Sau ɗaya kawai wani harin bazata na katako a jikin mutumin da aka ɗauka. Hakan ya faru a gefen kudu na Tekun Atlantika: ya ji wa ƙafa mutum rauni. Samfurin ƙarami ne, ƙasa da ƙasa da mita. Sauran maganganun da suka faru a Tekun Panama an tsokane su. Kari kan haka, akwai gaskiyar lamarin da ba a tabbatar da shi ba na hare-haren katako a gabar tekun Indiya.
Akwai ra'ayi game da rashin daidaituwa game da kifin sabulu saboda ɗan gajeren zango. Koyaya, a zahiri, saurin motsinta bashi da sauki. Wannan abin lura ne a cikin rashin tausayin ayyuka, hanyar farauta ga wanda aka azabtar da abin da ta faɗa.
A mafi yawan lokuta, raƙuman da aka yanke sun fi son kasancewa a bakin tekun. Sun zabi ruwan turbid a matsayin wurin hutawa da farauta. Manyan sawnuts suna ba da fifiko ga zurfin zurfin gaske - 40 m, inda ɗiyansu ba sa iyo. Mafi yawancin lokuta, ranar yankan katako lokaci ne na hutu, amma suna farka da dare.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Saw kifi
Sawfish ya banbanta da sauran nau'in kifin ba wai kawai ta hanyar bunkasar da ba a saba da ita ba, akwai bambance-bambance a cikin al'amuran kiwo. Sawmails ba sa yin ƙwai, amma suna hayayyafa ta hanyar ɗaukar su a cikin mace, kamar sharks da haskoki. Hadi yana faruwa a cikin mahaifar mace. Ba a san tsawon lokacin da 'ya'yan da ke a jikin mace ba. Misali, mafi kyawun binciken haƙori mai haƙori yana da jarirai a jikin mace na kimanin watanni 5.
Babu haɗin mahaifa. Koyaya, a cikin kwayoyin halittar kyallen takarda da aka haɗa zuwa amfrayo, gwaiduwa yana nan, wanda samarin sawtooth ke ciyar da shi. Yayin ci gaban tayi, wanzamansu suna da taushi, an rufe su da fata. An shimfiɗa wannan ta ɗabi'a don kar a cutar da mahaifiya. Hakora suna samun tsauri ne kawai a kan lokaci.
Gaskiyar lamari mai ban sha'awa: Akwai nau'ikan tsuntsu mai yatsu-hanci, matan da zasu iya hayayyafa ba tare da sa hannun maza ba, don haka sake cika lambobinsu a yanayi. Bugu da ƙari, a lokacin haihuwa, bayyanar su tana da ainihin kwafin mahaifiya.
Haihuwar ruwan wukake an haife su, an lulluɓe su a cikin membrane na fata. A wani lokaci, kifin sawf na mata yana haihuwar yara kusan 15-20. Farkon lokacin balaga na pups yana zuwa sannu a hankali, lokacin ya dogara ne da mallakar wani nau'in. Misali, a cikin kananan karafan hakori, wannan lokacin shekarun 10-12 ne, a matsakaita, kimanin shekaru 20.
Idan muka yi magana game da rubutu game da girma da balagar jima'i, to, karatun sawnuts masu haƙori a Tafkin Nicaragua ya kai shi da tsawon mita 3. Ba a san cikakken bayani game da yanayin haihuwa na katako saboda ba a fahimce su sosai.
Ya ga abokan gaba na halitta
Photo: Kifin ruwan gishiri ya gani
Abokan gaba na kifin sawf suna dabbobi masu shayarwa da kifin kifaye. Tunda wasu sawnuts suna ninkaya a cikin koguna, kuma akwai jinsunan da ke cikin su koyaushe, kifin sawfish yana da abokan gaba na ruwa mai tsafta - kadoji.
Don kariya daga garesu, kifin sawf yana amfani da doguwar fiskarsa. Singin hanci-da-shuni ya sami nasarar kare kansa, yana lilo a wurare daban-daban tare da wannan kayan aikin yankan sokin. Kari akan haka, tare da taimakon masu amfani da lantarki, wadanda suke kan rostrum, sawtooth na iya samun hoto mai girman uku na sararin da yake kewaye dashi. Wannan yana baka damar daidaita kanka koda cikin ruwan laka ne don kare kanka daga makiya, kuma idan hatsari ya kusanto, to ka ɓuya daga yankin hangen nesa. Abubuwan lura a cikin akwatin kifaye na haskoki masu hanci da hanci kuma suna nuna amfani da "saw" dinsu don kare su.
Masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Australiya ta Newcastle, lokacin da suke nazarin yadda ake amfani da rostrum, sun gano wani aikin da ake amfani da shi don kariya daga abokan gaba. A saboda wannan dalili, an ƙirƙiri nau'ikan 3D na rayukan da aka yanke, waɗanda suka zama mahalarta cikin kwaikwalwar kwamfuta.
A yayin binciken, an gano cewa zaran, lokacin da yake motsi, ya yanke ruwan da dutsen sa, kamar wuka, yana yin motsi ba tare da girgiza da tsauraran yanayi ba. Wannan aikin yana ba ku damar motsawa cikin ruwa ba tare da abokan gaba da ganima ba, wanda zai iya ƙayyade wurin ta da rawar ruwan.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Babban Saw Kifi
Tun da farko, a ƙarshen ƙarni na 19 - farkon ƙarni na 20, yawan kifin kifin ya yawaita, don haka bai zama da wahala a sadu da wakilan wannan nau'in rayukan ba. Tabbacin wannan rahoto ne da wani masunci ya kawo a karshen shekarun 1800 cewa ya kama mutane kusan 300 a cikin wani lokaci guda na kamun kifi daga gabar ruwan Florida. Har ila yau, wasu masunta sun ce sun ga sawnuts masu girma dabam-dabam a cikin ruwan gabar teku na yammacin sashin teku.
Babu karatun da ya auna yawan kifin kifin da za a iya bugawa a wannan lokacin. Koyaya, an sami raguwar yawan katako. An yi amannar cewa wannan ya faru ne saboda kamun kifi na kasuwanci, wato amfani da kayan kifi: raga, trawls da seines. Sawfish yana da sauƙin shiga cikin su, saboda fasalin sa da dogayen rostrum. Yawancin bishiyoyin da aka kama sun shaƙe ko kuma an kashe su.
Sawmills suna da ƙimar darajar kasuwanci, tunda ba'a amfani da naman su don abincin ɗan adam saboda ƙarancin tsarin su. A da, an kama su ne saboda fin dafifin da za a iya yin miya, kuma sassansu ma sun kasance gama-gari a cikin fataucin abubuwa ƙanana. Bugu da kari, hanta mai hanta ta kasance cikin bukatar maganin gargajiya. Gilashin sawtooth shine mafi mahimmanci: farashin sa ya wuce $ 1000.
Rabin na biyu na karni na 20 ya ga raguwar masu sana’ar yanke katako a Florida. Wannan ya faru daidai saboda kamawarsu da iyawar haihuwa. Saboda haka, tun daga 1992, an hana kama su a cikin Florida. A ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2003, an amince da kifin kifi irin jinsin da ke cikin hatsari a Amurka, kuma daga baya an sanya shi a cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya. Baya ga kamun kifi, dalilin hakan shi ne gurbatar da mutane da ke gabar ruwa, wanda hakan ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa injinan yanka ba zai iya rayuwa a cikinsu ba.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Lambobin Sawfish sun lalace ta hanyar farauta. A saboda wannan dalili, da kuma lalacewar yanayin muhalli da Internationalungiyar Internationalasashe ta Duniya don Kula da Yanayi, an ba da rancen da ke da hancin Asiya a matsayin "Mai Haɗari".
Yanayi da kanta da kuma tsarin halittar shi - parthenogenesis (ko kuma haihuwar budurwa) - sun shiga maganin matsalar barazanar bacewar halittun sawmouth. Masana kimiyya daga Jami'ar Stony Brook ta New York suka yi wannan sakamakon. Sun samo shari'ar parthenogenesis a cikin kananan zafin hakori, wanda wani nau'in hatsari ne.
A tsakanin shekarar 2004 zuwa 2013, masana kimiyya sun lura da gungun kananan zafin hakori, wadanda suke gefen gabar Kogin Charlotte. A sakamakon haka, an gano shari'o'in 7 na haihuwar budurwa, wanda shine 3% na jimlar yawan matattun bishiyun jima'i a cikin wannan rukuni.
Ganin kifi mai gadi
Photo: Saw kifi daga littafin Ja
Saboda raguwar mutane da yawa tun daga 1992, an hana kamawar sawn rays a Florida. Dangane da yanayin jinsin da ke cikin hatsari da aka bayar a Amurka a ranar 1 ga Afrilu, 2003, suna karkashin kariyar gwamnatin tarayya. Tun daga 2007, an dakatar da ƙasashen duniya don siyar da sassan jikin rayukan raɗaɗi, waɗanda suka hada da ƙura, rostrum, haƙoransu, fata, nama da kayan ciki.
A halin yanzu, kifin zafin kifi yana cikin Lissafi na Duniya. Saboda haka saws dole ne a kiyaye shi sosai. Don kiyaye nau'ikan, ana iya yarda da kamun kifin mai haƙar haƙori, wanda daga baya ake ajiye shi a cikin akwatin ruwa. A cikin 2018, EDGE ya kasance mafi yawan nau'ikan halittu masu hatsari daga cikin mafi bambancin juyin halitta. Sawfish shine yazo na farko akan wannan jerin.
Dangane da wannan, masana kimiyya sun gabatar da shawarwari masu zuwa don kare katako:
- amfani da haramcin CITES ("Yarjejeniyar kan Cinikin Kasa da Kasa a cikin Tsirarun Dabbobin Dawa da Dabba");
- rage yawan haskoki da aka samu ba da gangan ba;
- kiyayewa da farfaɗo da wuraren zama na katako.
A wasu lokuta, kamun kifi ba da gangan ba yana da alaƙa da farautar ɗan duwatsu don farauta. Saboda, bin ta, kifin zafin na iya fada cikin ragar kamun kifi. A saboda wannan dalili, masana kimiyya daga jami’ar Ostiraliya ta Queensland, karkashin jagorancin Barbara Wueringer, suna gudanar da bincike kan tsarin farautar su, da kokarin neman hanyar da za ta hana su fadawa cikin ragar kamun kifi.
Kifin zafin kifi a matsayin jinsin shine mazaunin Tekun Duniya wanda ya wanzu har zuwa yau tun zamanin Cretaceous. Mafi yawan mutane a da, kusan shekaru 100 da suka gabata, a halin yanzu yana da matsayin nau'in haɗari. Dalilin hakan kuwa shi ne mutum. Kodayake zakin ba shi da illa ga mutane kuma ba kifi ne na kasuwanci ba, ana kama shi saboda sayar da wasu sassan, kuma yana gurbata mahallansa.
A halin yanzu, rayn da aka yiwa hancin zai shiga littafin Red Book na kasa da kasa, sabili da haka yana fuskantar tsananin kariya. Bugu da ƙari, yanayi da kanta da kuma tsarin halittarta - parthenogenesis - sun shiga maganin matsalar barazanar ɓarkewar halittar sawmouth. Saw kifi yana da kowace dama ta kiyayewa da rayar da jama'a.
Ranar bugawa: 03/20/2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/18/2019 da karfe 20:50
