Daga ina wannan sunan ya fito - Cormorant? Ya zama cewa mun aro wannan kalmar daga yaren Türkic, don haka suke kiran jan agwagwa ko sanannen ogar. Kuma Tatar da ake kira geese cormorants. Cormorant, duk da haka, ana ɗaukarsa azaman tsuntsu mara cin abinci, saboda tsananin ƙanshin kifi daga gawar, da kuma yawan mai mai yankan ƙasa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Baklan
Cormorant ya fito ne daga umarnin pelicans kuma yana cikin dangin cormorant. Wannan tsuntsayen dake cikin ruwa yana daya daga cikin mafarautan dake karkashin ruwa. Akwai nau'ikan cormorants sama da 30, sun bazu ko'ina cikin duniya! Ko da a cikin ƙasarmu, zaku iya samun kusan nau'in 6 na waɗannan tsuntsayen.
Sunayen nau'ikan galibi suna dogara ne da halaye na waje na tsuntsayen, ko kuma a mazauninsu, ga wasu daga cikinsu da za'a iya tunawa musamman:
- Babban cormorant shine mafi yawan nau'ikan tafiye-tafiye, yana son jiragen sama, ana iya samun sa a cikin Rasha, Turai, Afirka da sauran ƙasashe da yawa;
- Jafananci - mai suna don wurin zama;
- Crested - don haka an laƙaba shi saboda fitacciyar ƙirar a kan kai, da aka jera a cikin Littafin Ja;
- Smallananan - mai suna saboda girmansa;
- Chubaty yana kwance ne, yana zaune a kudancin Afirka. Daga cikin siffofin bayyanar, wadannan jajayen idanuwa ne da tabo;
- Red-fuska - yana rayuwa ne kawai a wasu wurare na musamman a cikin Tekun Pacific. Fatar da ke kan kai mara tsiraici ne;
- Kunnuwa - yana zaune a Arewacin Amurka, kuma yana da gira a sama da idanuwa;
- Ba'indiye - mai suna bayan wurin zama, yana da ƙarami mafi nauyi - kilogram 1;
- Bougainvillea - yayi kama da penguin;
- Galapagos - baya tashi. Yana rayuwa a kan tsibirai kuma yana da nauyin kilogram 5;
- Fari yana daya daga cikin nau'ikan nau'ikan halittu, wadanda ake kira saboda launin fuka-fukan sa;
- Auckland - mai suna haka saboda mazauninta a Tsibirin Auckland, yana da kyawawan launuka farare da baƙi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Har ila yau, akwai wasu nau'o'in cormorant da suka mutu, wannan shi ne mai lalata Steller, ba jinsin tashi bane kuma ya kai kilogram 6 a nauyi.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Tsuntsaye Tsuntsaye
Matsakaicin cormorant yana da nauyin kilogram 2-3, namiji koyaushe ya fi na mace girma. Yaran yara masu launin ruwan kasa ne da kuma laushi mai haske, yayin da manya ke baƙar fata kuma tare da zoben tagulla a bayanta, akwai ƙyalli mai haske kewaye da idanun. Wasu rabe rabe suna da tabo masu fari a jiki. Hakanan akwai nau'ikan Cormorant, wanda a jikinsa akwai wasu dalilai masu launuka.
Cormorant yana kama da goose. Jikin babban cormorant na iya girma zuwa santimita 100, amma fikafikan zai kasance 150, wanda yayi kyau sosai. Baken cormorant yana da ƙarfi, galibi rawaya ne kuma a lanƙwasa a ƙarshen, kamar kullewa ko ƙugiya, su ma suna da manyan yatsun kafa tare da membrani da wuyan motsi, duk wannan yanayin ya ba Cormorant ɗin damar kamun kifi don dacewa.
Bidiyo: Cormorant
Yana motsawa a cikin layin ruwa har zuwa mita 2 a kowane dakika. Jijiyoyin suna da babbar sinadarin haemoglobin, saboda haka zasu iya zama a karkashin ruwa na tsawon minti 3. An yi imanin cewa lamuran cormorants na iya cire iska mai yawa, wanda ke taimaka musu su nitse sosai, kamar zurfin mita 15. Fuka-fukan fuka-fukai suna bushewa sosai ba tare da sabawa ba, bayan nutsar da ruwa, sai ya zauna a gabar teku kuma ya shimfida fikafikansa don su bushe da wuri.
Cormorant yana farauta ta wata hanyar da ba ta sabawa ba, yana biye da farauta a cikin ruwa, yana cikin wani yanayi mai nutsuwa, ko kuma kai ɗaya kawai ya fita waje, bayan bin abin da aka nufa da shi, sai ya nitse cikin nutsuwa kuma, kamar kibiya, ya sami ɗan'uwan talaka, sannan ya fasa bakinsa da bakinsa ya haɗiye shi. Muryar cormorants tana da ƙanƙan da zurfi, da alama yana ihu ne ko yana haushi da baƙin ciki.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: mai ba da alama kamar ya tashi ƙarƙashin ruwa, yana iya aiki ba kawai da ƙafafunsa ba, har ma da fukafukinsa.
A ina ne cormorant din yake zama?
Hotuna: Dabba mai lalata
Cormorant tsuntsu ne mai yin ƙaura kuma da zarar kifi ya ƙare a wurin da aka fi so, sai ya tashi zuwa wurare masu ɗumi, galibi shi ne Bahar Rum ko Arewacin Afirka. Amma Kudancin Asiya sun fi sa'a, suna da kifi da yawa, kuma ba ya ƙarewa, don haka kusan ba sa ƙaura.
Idan cormorants din suka jira tafkin da suka rayu domin daskarewa, suna yin bacci a yankuna masu dumi, amma da farkon tafiyar kankara sai suka dawo, tabbas, ba za'a iya samun waɗannan wakilan tsuntsayen a sassan mafi sanyi na duniya ba. Cormorants suna rayuwa a duk duniya kuma don tabbatar da wannan, ga jerin wuraren da za'a iya ganin su mafi sau da yawa:
- Rasha;
- Ostiraliya;
- Asiya;
- Armeniya;
- Azores;
- Tsibirin Canary;
- Bahar Rum;
- Girka;
- Aljeriya;
- Arewacin Afirka;
- Azerbaijan;
- Tekun Aral;
- Amurka;
- Tsibirin Fasifik.
A cikin kowace ƙasa, masu ba da fata suna da halaye na musamman, a wasu ana lalata su saboda ɓarna, saboda cormorants ba koyaushe abokantaka bane, suna iya kai hari kan jirgin ruwa tare da abin kamawa su jefa shi cikin ruwa, a gonakin kifi masu zaman kansu suna cin rabon zaki na yawan kifin.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: a wasu ƙasashe, alal misali, a Asiya, Ana amfani da Cormorant a matsayin sandar kamun kifi, abin mamaki, an sanya zobe a wuyan tsuntsun, an ɗaura igiya an sake shi don farauta, Mai bautar ya fara kamun kifi saboda al'ada, amma ba zai iya hadiyewa ba a wuya! A sakamakon haka, masunci ya kwace ganimar sannan aka sake sakin tsuntsu don farauta. A Japan, ana daukar tsuntsayen da suka manyanta don farauta, amma a China, akasin haka, sun fi son samari da horar da su.
Menene mai cin abincin yake ci?
Photo: Cormorant da kifi
Cormorant yana cin abinci ne kawai a kan kifi kuma yana ciyar da kajinsa gare shi, ba ya ba da fifiko ga kowane nau'i na musamman, maimakon haka, ya dogara da wurin da tsuntsun yake. Idan aka kama shi ta farauta, zai iya haɗiye kayan kwalliyar, da kwadi, kunkuru har ma da kifin kifi, gaba ɗaya, duk abin da ke shiga cikin baki yayin farautar.
Cormorant yana haɗiye ƙananan kifi a lokaci ɗaya, yana ɗaga kansa sama, amma manyan sai an cinye su a bakin teku, kodayake bakun na cormorant ɗin yana da ƙarfi, ba zai iya jimre wa kowane kama ba. Akwai shari'ar da cormorant zai iya hadiye kwarin da ke cikin kasa, maciji ko kadangaru, amma wannan ba safai ba. Cormorant tsuntsu ne na rana, yawanci suna farauta sau 2 a rana, mutum ɗaya a lokaci guda yana cin matsakaicin gram 500 na kifi, kuma wannan na farauta ɗaya ne kawai, ana samun kilogram a kowace rana, amma hakan na faruwa har ma fiye da haka, saboda yawan cin abincinsu an ƙi su.
Farauta sau da yawa ana faruwa tare da dangin su kai tsaye, pelicans, suna kifi a saman ruwa, da cormorants a zurfin. Cormorants suna farauta, su kadai da kuma a cikin garken, suna kawai farautar wata makarantar kifi kuma su tura ta cikin ruwa mara zurfi, yayin da suka fika fikafikan su da karfi akan ginshiƙin ruwan, a cikin zurfin da suka riga suka nuna rashin tausayi suna ma'amala dashi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: don inganta narkewa, cormorants na iya cin ƙananan duwatsu.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Black cormorant
Cormorants, tun da ya sami tabo na kifi, zai dawo can koyaushe. Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: cormorants na iya farauta da zama kusa da ruwan teku da ruwa mai ƙarancin gaske, abu mafi mahimmanci a gare su shine gida kusa da tafki. Speciesananan jinsunan waɗannan tsuntsayen na iya rayuwa ko da a kan kusoshi, suna da tsananin kuzari saboda girman su.
Cormorant ba son zuciya ba ne wajen zabar wurin da zai gina gida, zai iya karkatar da su duka a kan bishiyoyi da kan duwatsu, cikin ciyayi, har ma da ƙasa kawai. Createirƙirar gida daga froman itace, sanduna da ganye. Duk nau'ikan cormorant tsuntsaye ne na gama gari kuma galibi suna zama a cikin yankuna masu ban sha'awa, ana yin wannan don farauta mafi nasara da kare lafiyar offspringa offspringansu.
Waɗannan tsuntsayen suna son maƙwabtansu, don haka da yardar rai suna kusa da kowace tsuntsayen, da kuma penguins ko like na fur. Yana da matukar wuya, yana yiwuwa a ga ƙauyuka masu lalata kawai, mai yiwuwa ba zai daɗe ba kuma ba da daɗewa ba maƙwabta masu jiran gado za su zauna. Hakanan, galibi suna barin wasu tsuntsaye suyi farauta tare. Cormorants yana aiki ne kawai a cikin ruwa, a doron ƙasa sun kasance sabanin halittu waɗanda ba sa jin daɗin motsawa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Cormorants ba sa iya tashi daga ƙasa mai faɗi, dole ne su fara gudu, galibi suna tashi daga saman ruwa, amma wannan ma yana buƙatar ƙoƙari mai yawa daga gare su, hanya mafi sauƙi ita ce su tashi daga rassan bishiyoyi ko duwatsu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Tsuntsu mai laushi
Wannan nau'in tsuntsun yana da aure, kasancewar ya taba samar da ma'aurata, zai iya zama da ita tsawon rayuwarsa. Cormorants suna da yawan gaske. Balagarsu ta jima'i tana faruwa ne kimanin shekara 3, ya danganta da nau'ikan, da zaran sun balaga, suna da kayan manya. Lokacin saduwa ya fi yawa a lokacin bazara, yayin da yake dumi, amma a wasu yankuna akwai keɓaɓɓu.
Cormorants suna zaune a cikin yankuna, zasu iya kaiwa manyan girma har zuwa nests 2000. Wasu lokuta, shirya irin waɗannan manyan matsugunan, suna haɗuwa da dangin wasu tsuntsayen da ke zaune a cikin maƙwabta. Mace tana yin ƙwai har zuwa 6, amma wannan shine iyakar, don haka ɗayansu na iya zama fanko. Qwai masu launin shudi ne, mahaifa biyun kuma sun kyankyashe shi. Shiryawa yana ɗaukar kimanin wata ɗaya.
Lokacin da aka haifi zuriyar da aka daɗe ana jira, to suna kula da su, a matsayin iyayen tare, suna maye gurbin kariyar kajin, don hakar abinci da ruwa a gare su. Cormorants suna ciyar da yara safe da yamma. Ana haihuwar kaza tsirara kuma kwata-kwata basu da kariya, saboda haka ana tilasta iyaye su kasance tare da su ba dare ba rana. Daga rana mai zafi, suna rufe kajin da fuka-fuki, a wasu halaye suna kawo ruwan tsiron teku mai sanyi zuwa gida.
Har zuwa watanni shida, jarirai suna buƙatar kulawa, kamar yadda lodin farko ya bayyana, suna ƙoƙarin tashi, amma wannan ba koyaushe yake cin nasara ba. Idan gida yana kan bishiya, to matasa zasuyi amfani da dabarun jan ciki da hawa. Yana faruwa cewa cormorants sun zama iyaye masu kulawa har suna ciyar da zuriyarsu har zuwa lokacin da suka kirkiro danginsu.
Abokan gaba na cormorants
Photo: Cormorant a cikin jirgin
Cormorant tsuntsu ne na jama'a, mai saukin kai, kuma wannan galibi yana wasa da muguwar dariya da su. Kura mai launin toka shine ɗayan abokan gaban cormorant, galibi suna aiki tare, ɗayan ya yaudari babba cormorant daga gida, kuma na biyu a wannan lokacin yana satar ƙwai don cin abinci tare. Hakanan yana faruwa cewa dabbobin ruwa kusa ko kusa suna farautar ƙwai. Wataƙila shi ya sa cormorants ke barin ƙwanƙolin ƙwai ba tare da kulawa ba kuma ƙirƙirar sababbi.
Don kajin da aka riga aka kyankyashe, kyankyaso daji, dodo da sauran kananan dabbobin da ke rayuwa a wurin da ake tsugunnar da masu lalata suna da hadari. Ga babba mai lalata, waɗannan maƙiyan ba masu ban tsoro ba ne, tunda yana da ƙarfi da baki, yana iya yin faɗa da sauƙi, amma zuriyarsa, da rashin alheri, suna wahala. Tun da cormorant ɗin ba tsuntsu ne mai ci ba, ba a farautar su. Amma jariransu, ba su balaga ba kuma kawai an kyanƙyashe daga ƙwai, na iya zama abinci mai kyau ga masunta ko mafarauta da ke wucewa.
Halin da ake da shi na yawancin ƙauyuka na iya zama daidai saboda ikon kiyaye kajin yadda ya kamata. Akwai ma dukkan nau'ikan cormorants wadanda suke da kariya saboda basa iya haifuwa, gidajen su a koda yaushe suna lalacewa, misali, Crested da Little Cormorant.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Dabba mai lalata
Yawan cormorants kwata-kwata bai dace ba kuma ya dogara da albarkatun abinci kawai. Kuma kuma akan yawan 'ya'yan da aka kyankyashe. Saboda dabi'unsu na cuwa-cuwa, suna haifar da mummunar illa ga gonakin kifin masu zaman kansu kuma suna fuskantar hallaka jama'a lokaci-lokaci, wanda wani lokaci yakan share yawan jama'a a wani yanki daga doron ƙasa, amma, tare da harbi ba da izini ba, an lura cewa masunta ba su sami kamawa mafi girma ba, amma akwai kifi marassa lafiya da yawa a cikin raga.
Dazuzzuka da kwarjinin da ke rayuwa a cikinsu yakan bushe kuma ya rasa ganyayensu, saboda bishiyoyin da suke kusa da inda suke rayuwa ko waɗanda suke rayuwa a baya suke mutuwa, saboda dusar da suke yi, daidai yake da na sauran tsuntsaye masu cin kifi da yawa. Ana kiran zuriyar dabbobi guano, ya sha bamban da abin da aka saba da shi ta hanyar babban sinadarin nitrogen. Wannan saboda kasancewar kifi ne kawai a cikin abincin.
A cikin ƙasashe da yawa, guano yana cikin buƙatu mai yawa, ana ɗaukarsa kusan mafi kyawun takin zamani. Ga wasu nau'in tsirrai, kamar su auduga, guano ya zama abin bautar allah. Don samun kwandon shaƙatawa, ana sanya fitilu na musamman a wuraren da tsuntsaye suke taruwa don tsuntsayen da ke cin kifi su zauna su huta a kansu yayin farauta, sannan sai a tattara ɓarna.
Cormorants suna rayuwa na ɗan gajeren lokaci, kimanin shekaru 6-7 a yanayi, amma an rubuta lamura lokacin da suka rayu har zuwa shekaru 20, amma wannan yana cikin ajiyar. Yana da matukar wahala a ciyar da mai shayarwa a cikin bauta, saboda yawan cuwa-cuwa da yake da shi, suna yawan neman abin da suke so. Cormorant - wannan mafarautan ruwa ne mai kyauta, komai yadda mutane suke kokarin horar dashi, shi tsuntsaye ne mai 'yanci.
Ranar bugawa: 03/19/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 18.09.2019 a 10:40
