Axolotl Shin mai ban mamaki ne, nau'in halittu masu ban mamaki. Wani suna shine akwatin kifaye. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gaskiyar dabarun, azanci da azanci na dabbobi galibi ana kawo su a matsayin mazaunan akwatin kifaye. Suna wakiltar matakin larva na ci gaban mutanen amphibians.
A yau sun kasance nau'ikan nau'ikan da ba a cika samunsu ba wanda ake barazanar cinye su gaba daya. Irin wannan halittun ne suka zaburar da masu motsa rai don ƙirƙirar kyawawan hotuna masu kyau na dodanni, waɗanda suke kama da gaske.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Axolotl
Ana daukar axolotl a matsayin mawakiya mai kyan gani. Wakili ne na umarnin ƙwararrun amphibians, dangin ambistomaceae, jinsi axolotls. Wannan dabba ta kasance daga nau'ikan Ambistoma na Mexico. Wannan nau'in, da kowane irin nau'in ambistom, halittu ne masu ban mamaki wadanda suke da halin mara kyau. Fassara daga tsohuwar yaren Girka, ana fassara wannan ƙwarewar ta musamman a matsayin "ƙuruciya mara ƙarewa."
Thearfin ƙarfin axolotls shine ikon kasancewa a matsayin ɗan tsutsa a tsawon rayuwarsu, ba tare da juyawa cikin sifar girma ba. Ba su da halin ƙwayar cuta. Wannan shi ne saboda ƙayyadaddun tsari na glandar thyroid. Kusan ba ya haɗuwa da iodine, wanda ke aiki azaman mai kunnawa na metamorphosis.
Axolotl bidiyo:
Masana kimiyya da masu bincike har yanzu ba za su iya cimma matsaya ba kuma su kirkiri ra'ayi game da asali da juyin halittar dinosaur na cikin ruwa. An sani cewa sunan waɗannan amphibians an aro su ne daga tsoffin Girkawa, ko kuma ma daga Aztec, waɗanda ke kiran waɗannan dodannin "karnukan ruwa".
Dangane da almara na tsoffin Aztec, akwai wani madawwamin saurayi kuma kyakkyawa Allah mai yanayi a duniya. Sunansa Sholotl. Ya kasance yana da halayyar wayo, kaifin hankali, wauta da wayo. Kuma yanzu mutanen da suke waɗancan lokutan nesa suna wanzu tare da Allah, sun gaji da dabara da dabara kuma suka yanke shawarar koya masa darasi. Koyaya, Allah Sholotl ya fi mutane wayo sosai. Ya juya cikin magana, kuma ya ɓuya daga masu ɓoye-ɓoye a cikin zurfin teku.
Dangane da binciken, masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa wannan nau'in halittu masu rai sun rayu duniya fiye da shekaru miliyan 10 da suka gabata. Zuwa yau, jinsuna biyu kaɗai ake samu a cikin yanayin yanayi: tiger da Mexico ambistomas, da kuma siffofin biyu: neotenic, ko larval, da terrestrial, baligi da suka manyanta.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Axolotl gida
Axolotl shine nau'in larva na kowane ambistoma. Sun kasu kashi biyu, tunda wadannan nau'ikan ne aka banbanta su ta hanyar mafi girman karfin jiki. Bayanai na waje na axolotl sun mai da shi kamar wani nau'in abin wasa, dinosaur da aka dawo da shi na rage girma. Sallamar yana da babban kai dangane da jiki. A bangarorin biyu akwai eriya guda uku an rufe su da villi. Waɗannan su ne gill na waje. Za a iya matsa su a jiki ko a ɗaga su.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Waɗannan amphibians suna da tsari na musamman na tsarin numfashi. Suna da huhu, kamar gabobin numfashi na ciki, da gill, kamar na waje. Wannan yana basu damar jin dadi duka a cikin ƙasa da kuma cikin ruwa.
Jikin yana da tsayi, akwai gabobi da jela. Za a maye gurbin kwarangwal din da kayan guringuntsi. Yana da taushi da taushi musamman a cikin samari. An fadada kan da zagaye. Baki, madaidaici baki yana kirkirar murmushi na dindindin. Baki yana dauke da kananan hakora da yawa masu kaifi. Suna aiwatar da aikin gyaran ganimar da aka kama. Ba su dace da tauna ko raba abinci ba. A kan kai akwai kanana, zagaye, baƙaƙen idanu.
Jikin karamar sabuwar ya daidaita, santsi, ya daɗe kuma ya daidaita. Akwai dogon tudu a baya, wanda yake aiki azaman fin. Hakanan akwai ratsi-ratsi masu tsinkaye waɗanda ke ba da bayyanar jikin annular. Akwai gabobi biyu. Gaba da kafa huɗu, da biyar baya. Wutsiyar dodon ruwa yana da tsawo sosai. Gabaɗaya, tare da jiki, yana yin kusan dozin dorin cartilaginous vertebrae. Sashin wutsiya yana da hannu sosai. Wannan ikon yana bawa amphibians damar motsawa cikin sauri ta cikin ruwa.
Tsawon jikin axolotl yakai santimita 15 zuwa 40. Girman jikin yana da santimita 13-20, nauyin mutum ɗaya bai wuce gram 350 ba. Ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i sosai ba. Mata suna da ɗan sauki da ƙanƙanci fiye da maza, kuma suna da gajeren jela. Launi na dodon ruwa na iya zama mai banbanci sosai: launin ruwan kasa, launin toka, kore, yana iya samun kowane irin sifofi iri-iri a jikinsa. Hakanan, salamander na iya zama launi mai launi tare da alamomi daban-daban a kai, ko fari fari ba tare da alamu da alamun launi daban-daban ba.
Ina ne axolotl ke rayuwa?
Hotuna: Amphibian axolotl
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, ba kasafai ake samun sa ba. Ya fi zama a cikin ruwan tafkunan Mexico na Cholco da Xochimailko. Suna cikin garin Mexico a tsawan kusan mita dubu biyu sama da matakin teku. Yankin tsibirai da ake kira suna shawagi suna da mafi kyawun yanayin rayuwa da kiwo don dodannin ruwa.
Daga rabi na biyu na ƙarni na 19, masu tarawa sun fara haɓaka irin waɗannan masanan a gida. Ana kiyaye su ne kawai cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye. An zaɓi girmansa gwargwadon yawan mutane. Idan kananan sababbi suna da shekaru daban-daban, zai fi kyau a ajiye su daban, tunda masu karfi zasu shirya fada da zalunci, karban abinci daga masu rauni. A matsakaita, ana buƙatar adon samari na ruwa cikin yanayi, la'akari da ƙarar lita hamsin kowannensu. Sakamakon haka, lokacin da suka girma, ya zama dole a samar da irin wannan sarari ga kowane ɗayansu.
Mutumin da ya yanke shawarar samun salamar a gida ya kamata ya tanada akwatin kifaye ta wata hanyar don ƙirƙirar yanayi kusa da na asali yadda ya kamata. Yana da mahimmanci don tabbatar da kasancewar gidaje, ko mafaka, shimfida ƙasa da ƙasa, ba tare da abin da axolotl ba zai iya wanzu ba. Shima yana bukatar haske na halitta. Lokacin zabar ƙasa, ya fi kyau kada a yi amfani da yashi, ƙananan duwatsu. Zai fi kyau a ba da fifiko ga pebbles, wanda amphibian ba zai iya haɗiyewa ba.
Idan dodannin ruwa da yawa suna zaune a cikin akwatin kifaye, ya zama dole a tanadar da irin waɗannan gidaje da mafaka don kowannensu ya zaɓi.
Me za'a iya amfani dashi azaman murfi:
- Tukwane;
- Dutse na dutse;
- Itace bushewar itace;
- Yumbu mai wucin gadi, gidajen yumbu;
- Yankakken kwakwa.
Ya kamata a tuna cewa yana da kyau a ajiye akwatin kifaye daga tushen hayaniya, da kuma kwamfuta, TV, da haske mai wucin gadi na wucin gadi. Tabbatar da ruwa mafi kyau duka. Zaɓin mafi dacewa shine digiri na 13-18. Ruwa, wanda ke dumama zuwa digiri 20 zuwa sama, na iya haifar da munanan cututtuka, har ma da mutuwar salamander.
Menene axolotl yake ci?
Hotuna: Axolotl a gida
Matasan amphibians suna amfani da ƙananan molluscs, crustaceans da sauran ciliates azaman tushen abinci.
Manyan mutane sun ci abinci tare da nishaɗi:
- tsutsa;
- tsutsar ciki;
- dodunan kodi;
- cyclops;
- dophnium;
- crickets;
- mussels;
- zubar jini;
- sinadarin paramecium;
- nama;
- kifi.
Mahimmin bayani. Lokacin adana shi a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye, ba a ba da shawarar ciyar da dodannin ruwa tare da naman amphibian. Wannan samfurin yana dauke da babban furotin wanda tsarin narkewar abincin axolotl baya sha.
Kuna iya amfani da nau'ikan abinci waɗanda aka tsara don kifin mai farauta. A cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye, wannan shine zaɓi mafi karɓa, tunda bai dace ba kawai jefa ƙwari cikin ruwa don masu farauta, saboda suna buƙatar kwaikwayon farauta. Abincin da aka gama yana da ikon nutsarwa sannu a hankali zuwa ƙasan. Godiya ga wannan, dodon ruwa yana sarrafawa ya shanye shi kafin yayi nutso zuwa ƙasan. Idan kun fi so ku ciyar da su kwari marasa rai, zai fi kyau ayi wannan tare da hanzaki, tunda axolotl yana amfani da muƙamashin sa kawai don gyara tushen abincin da ke motsawa.
Idan abinci ya faɗi a ƙasan akwatin kifaye, kuma amphibians ba su da lokacin cin sa, ya zama dole a cire shi nan da nan don kada ya ƙazantar da akwatin kifin kuma ya lalata ƙimar ruwa.
Babban tushen abinci a cikin yanayi shine zooplankton, ƙaramin kifi, ƙwari waɗanda ke rayuwa a cikin yanayin ruwa. Zai iya samun isasshen ƙwayoyin hannu, ko wasu sassan jikin abokan aikinsa. Don samun su, axolotl yana farautar. Ya zaɓi keɓantaccen wuri don kwanton bauna, ya kama shugabanci da ƙirar ruwa yana gudana, kuma, lokacin da mai yiwuwa mai yiwuwa ya kusanci, sai ya kai wa mijinta hari da ƙarfi kuma ya kama shi da bakinsa a buɗe.
Tauna ba halaye ne ga waɗannan masanan, don haka suna haɗiye abinci kwata-kwata. Tsarin narkewar abinci yana daukar kwanaki da yawa. Idan babu tushen wuta, dodannin ruwa na iya zama cikin nutsuwa ba tare da abinci ba har tsawon makonni, yayin da suke jin daɗi sosai.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Dabbar Axolotl
Axolotl ya fi so ya kasance cikin ruwa mai tsabta. A cikin irin wannan ruwan ne suke shan iska galibi. A kan ƙasa ko a cikin gurɓataccen ruwa, huhu yana cikin huhun numfashi, kuma gill din wani ɓangare ya daina yin aikinsa, suna iya atrophy. Lokacin da aka fallasa su ga yanayi mai kyau, gill ɗin suna girma kuma suna iya sake yin ayyukansu.
A cikin yanayi na ɗabi'a, sun fi son ɓoyayyiyar, salon zaman kadaici. Suna aiki sosai da dare.
Amphibians suna cikin nutsuwa da rashin sauri, kodayake suna iya motsawa cikin hanzari a cikin ruwa, suna rake da gabobin gabansu. A yayin farauta, koyaushe suna zaban matsayi mai fa'ida sosai, tunda idanun sallam sun shirya ta yadda basa ganin komai a kasa da matakin jikinsu.
Wasu lokuta za su iya rataye kawai a cikin ruwa, suna bin halin yanzu, suna ɗan taɓa ƙafafunsu. Doguwar wutsiya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen kiyaye daidaito da alkiblar motsi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Yanayi ya baiwa dodannin ruwa da iko mai ban mamaki don sabunta ba kawai ƙwayoyin halitta da kyallen takarda ba, har ma da jelayen da suka ɓace, gaɓoɓi da ma gabobin ciki!
Wannan ƙwarewar ban mamaki ta haifar da sha'awar masu bincike. An kama Axolotl a cikin adadi mai yawa don bincike da gwaje-gwaje da yawa na dakin gwaje-gwaje. Hakanan wannan damar yana ba ku damar saurin murmurewa daga faɗa, a lokacin da dabbobi ke yaye ɓangarorin juna, wutsiyoyi kuma suke haifar da mummunar lahani.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Mexican axolotl
Dodon ruwa ya sake haifuwa da kyau a cikin yanayin ɗabi'a kuma ana ɗaure shi a cikin akwatin kifaye. Lokacin kiwo yana da alaƙa ta yanayi. 'Ya'yan sun ƙyanƙyashe cikin bazara da kaka. Mutane daban-daban na jinsi daban-daban waɗanda za su shiga cikin zamantakewar aure, tare da farkon duhu, suna shirya ainihin wasannin mating. Bayan haka, namiji ya shimfiɗa spermatophotes a cikin ƙasa. Daga nan sai mace ta tattara su ta sa kwayayen da ba su ba da tarko a kansu ba, ko kuma ta shayar da su da cloaca. Bayan kwana guda, sai ta shimfida ƙwanƙwan ƙwai akan wasu ciyayi na cikin ruwa, ko abubuwa na wucin gadi don shirya akwatin kifaye.
A karkashin yanayin yanayi, lokacin kiwo yana farawa da digo cikin zafin ruwan.
Makonni biyu zuwa uku bayan kwanciya da ƙwai ƙwai, ƙanana, da ƙyar a kula da ƙyanƙyasar ƙwai. A waje, suna kama da tudu, ko ƙananan kifi. Girman su bai wuce girman karamin fis ba. Tsawonsu bai wuce santimita ɗaya da rabi ba, babu ƙafa. Gabobin jiki ba sa girma a lokaci guda. Legsafafun gaba suna bayyana bayan kwana 90 kawai, ƙafafun bayan bayan mako guda. Lokacin da aka ajiye shi a cikin yanayin wucin gadi, soya na buƙatar canza ruwan yau da kullun, tace shi, ciyar da shi da ƙananan tsutsa, ƙwarin jini, ƙananan tsutsotsi.
Lokacin balaga ya fara tun daga watanni goma zuwa goma sha. Zuriya ta fi kyau samin shekaru biyu zuwa uku. Mutanen da suka wuce shekaru biyar sun hayayyafa da yawa. Matsakaicin tsawon rai a cikin yanayin yanayi shine shekaru 13-14. Tare da kyakkyawar kulawa a cikin fursuna, tsawon rai kusan ya ninka.
Abokan gaba na axolotls
Hotuna: Amphibian axolotl
Yawancin dalilai sun ba da gudummawa ga raguwar lambobin axolotl. Ofayansu shine lalata mahalli, gurɓata hanyoyin ruwa. Canza yanayin yanayi, ɗumamar yanayi da hauhawar yanayin ruwa suna haifar da mutuwa da cututtukan amphibians da yawa.
Babban dalili na biyu na raguwar lambobi shine cututtuka, wanda masu salamanders suke da saukin kamuwa. Sun kasance suna fama da cututtuka masu haɗari waɗanda ke haifar da mutuwa: ascites, anorexia, cututtukan rayuwa, hypovitaminosis, toshewar hanji, rashin narkewar abinci, da sauransu.
Mutum ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin matsayin yawan jama'a. An kama adadi mai yawa na amphibians don gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da bincike game da sabunta halittar gabobi da gabobi. Kari kan hakan, ayyukan mutane na ba da gudummawa ga gurbatar jikin halittun ruwa. Ruwa mai tsabta mai tsabta ya zama datti. Wannan yana haifar da rashin lafiya da kuma mutuwar dodannin ruwa, saboda suna da matukar tasiri game da ingancin ruwa.
Bugu da kari, ya fi girma kuma mafi kifin da ake kama shi axolotls: telapia, irin kifi. Suna cin abinci da yawa ba kawai amphibians din kansu ba, har ma da ƙwai, wanda saboda haka bashi da lokacin juyawa zuwa soya.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Axolotl
A yau, a yanayi, a cikin mazauninsu na asali, axolotl kusan ba ya faruwa. A yankin Tarayyar Rasha, ana samunta ne kawai a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye. A baya can, mazaunin amphibians yana da fadi sosai. Bayan haka, yayin da adadin axolotls suka ragu, yankin yankin su ma ya ragu. Zuwa yau, ba a same su ko'ina ba, sai dai tabkuna biyu na Mexico.
Masu bincike a jami'ar mai cin gashin kanta ta Mexico sun yi lissafi kuma sun gano cewa ba wanda ya wuce 800 - 1300 a cikin halittar. Ba a san takamaiman adadin ba. Wannan yana nufin cewa idan ba a inganta shirye-shirye na musamman don adanawa da kiyaye nau'in ba, zai iya ɓacewa gaba ɗaya. Koyaya, masu binciken sunyi iƙirarin cewa ɗari ɗari ɗari sun sami nasarar rayuwa da haifuwa a cikin yanayin wucin gadi a cikin akwatin kifaye.
A cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata, adadin dodannin ruwa a mazauninsu ya ragu sosai. Masu bincike sun ce a cikin 1998, akwai kawai mutane fiye da dubu biyar a kowane kilomita kilomita murabba'i na tabkunan Mexico. A cikin 2003, ba a fi mutane dubu ɗaya a yanki ɗaya ba. A cikin 2008, ba a fi mutane ɗari a yanki ɗaya ba. Don haka, yawan jama'a ya ragu da sau 50 a cikin shekaru goma kawai.
Kariya na axolotls
Hotuna: Axolotl Red Book
Don dalilan kariya, an jera shi a cikin littafin Red Book da GARURU na duniya. Amphibians an sanya su matsayin nau'in haɗari mai haɗari. Masana kimiyya sun ba da shawarar cewa don kiyaye adadi mai yawa, ya zama dole a ƙirƙiri wuraren noman da za a yi girma da kuma kiwon waɗannan dabbobin. Ta haka ne kawai zai yiwu a kiyaye jinsin da ƙara yawansu. Cibiyar Nazarin Meziko na ƙoƙarin ƙirƙirar irin wannan filin shakatawa na ƙasa.An haramta kamun kifi a cikin mazaunin ƙasa.
Masana ilmin zoooo suna da'awar cewa adadi mai yawa na amphibians suna rayuwa cikin bauta. Idan ka kirkiro musu kyakkyawan yanayi, wadanda suke kusa da dabi'a, zasu iya jin dadi sosai, har ma su ninka. Don kara adadin dodannin ruwa, ma'aikatan Cibiyar Nazarin ta Mexico sun sami nasarar hayayyafa a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye tare da sakin su cikin tabkuna. Wani ma'auni don kariya da kariya daga bayanan wakilan dangin Ambistomidae shine raguwar tasirin ɗan adam a mazauninsu. Dakatar da gurɓatar maɓuɓɓugan ruwa na ɗabi'a, a cewar masana kimiyya, ya ba da dama don ƙaruwa a hankali a yawan adadin amphibians, raguwar cuta da mutuwa.
Axolotl wakili ne mai ban mamaki na flora da fauna, wanda ke gab da ƙarewa. Yana da kamannin kamanni da dinosaur ɗin da suka shuɗe shekaru da yawa da suka gabata. Wannan ingancin, gami da hankali, wayo, da wayo, suna ba da gudummawa ga haɓakar rarraba akwatin kifaye na dodannin ruwa.
Ranar bugawa: 03/14/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 14.08.2019 a 11:43
