Ganin zurfin zurfin teku, mutane sun daɗe suna neman sanin mazaunanta sosai. A cikin duniyar ruwa mafi arziki, wanda ya haifar da dukkan nau'ikan da aka san mu da su, zaku iya samun irin wannan halittar mai ban mamaki kamar kwallon kifiwanda kuma aka sani da busar ƙura, puffer ko tetraodon.
Waɗannan kifaye masu ban mamaki sun sami wannan suna ne saboda tsarin jikinsu na musamman: a lokacin haɗari, suna kumbura kamar ƙwallo don haka suna tsoratar da abokan gaba. Godiya ga wannan kyakkyawan tsarin tsaro, tetraodons suna ko'ina.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Kwallan kifi
Tetraodons, mambobi ne na dangin busasshen, Karl Linnaeus ne ya fara bayyana su a cikin 1758. Masana kimiyya na da wahalar tantance ainihin shekarun puffer, amma sun yarda cewa karnoni da dama da suka gabata wannan jinsin ya rabu da wani, wanda ake kira sunfish.
Zuwa yau, kimiyya tana da nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan kifayen sama da ɗari, galibi suna rayuwa ne a cikin gishiri mai zafi na Tekun Pacific, Indiya da Tekun Atlantika. Wasu nau'ikan kifin kwallon sun fi son zama da kiwo a cikin ruwan sabo. Koyaya, don ingantaccen mazaunin dukkanin rarar tetraodons, keɓancewa ya zama dole: suna son zama a tsakanin murjani ko ciyayi masu tsiro, kuma galibi suna son kadaici ko rayuwa a ƙaramar makaranta.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Kwallan kifi da ƙoshin baya
Saboda yawancin nau'ikan rabe-rabe, kifin ƙwallan na iya zama daban, amma yana da wasu siffofi na musamman waɗanda ba na musamman ba:
Don haka, a tsayi zai iya kaiwa daga 5 zuwa 67 cm, gwargwadon yanayin da yake rayuwa. Tsarin launi na tetraodons, a matsayin mai mulkin, ya bambanta daga fari-launin ruwan kasa zuwa kore, amma yanayin halayyar kowane jinsi ya bambanta, kuma mutane daidaiku ne.
Jikin abin hura ruwan toshi yana toshe, an hana shi, tare da babban kai da idanu saukakke. Ofaya daga cikin sunansa - puffer - ƙwallan ƙwallo yana bin bashi hakora huɗu masu girma waɗanda suka haɗu tare zuwa cikin faranti na sama da ƙananan, godiya ga abin da mutum ya zama mai haɗari mai haɗari kuma ana tilasta shi ya ci gaba da cin kogin murjani ko mazauna tare da harsashi mai ɓarna.
Skalozubov masu saurin gudu ne kuma masu saurin iyo ne saboda wurin da fika-fikan su ke. Kari akan haka, duk wasu nau'ikan kifin kwallon suna da karfen wutsiya mai karfi wanda zai basu damar iyo koda a kishiyar shugabanci.
Ofaya daga cikin siffofi na musamman na tetraodon shine fata maras halaye don kifi, wanda aka rufe shi da ƙananan ƙwanƙwasa, maimakon sikeli. A lokacin haɗari, lokacin da kifin ya kumbura, waɗannan spines suna ba da ƙarin kariya - suna ɗaukar matsayi madaidaiciya kuma ba sa ƙyale mai haɗari ya haɗiye abin kifin ba.
Bidiyo: Kifin ƙwal
Tsarin tsaro na musamman na kifin ƙwallon da ya ba shi sha'awa ga mutane shine ikon sa kumburin jikin shi. Tattara ruwa ko iska a cikin fitattun abubuwan jijiyoyin jiki, tare da aiki da kwazazzabai a matsayin nau'in famfo, iska tana iya haɓaka sau da yawa. Saboda babu hakarkarin hakarkari, wannan tsarin yana sarrafawa ta tsokoki na musamman, wanda daga baya zai taimaka wa kifin ya rabu da tarin ruwa ko iska, ya sake su ta bakin da gill.
Abu ne mai ban sha'awa cewa yayin samun iska, kifin ƙwallon baya riƙe shi, amma ci gaba da numfashi, ta amfani da gill har ma da huhun fata.
Hanyar mafi inganci ta kare puffer shine yawan guba. Fata, tsokoki da hanta na mafi yawan nau'ikan suna cike da mummunar guba tetrodotoxin, wanda, lokacin da ya shiga cikin hanyar narkewar abinci, da farko ya shanye mutumin da ya kamu da cutar sannan kuma ya mutu da zafi. Abin mamaki ne cewa mutum ya zaɓi ɗaya daga cikin wakilan kamun kifi - puffer fish - a matsayin abincin sa. Akalla mutane dari ne ke mutuwa duk shekara sakamakon cin sa. Koyaya, ba duk nau'in tetraodon bane mai guba, kuma wasu ma suna da aminci don adana akwatin kifaye na gida.
A ina kifin kwallon ke zama?
Hoton: Kifin kifin mai guba
Baƙi, tetraodons suna son zama a cikin ruwan bakin teku kuma ba safai ake samunsu a zurfin ba. Yawancin lokaci ana iya samunsu a cikin ruwan raƙuman ruwa na Philippines da Indonesia, India da Malaysia. Kusan kashi ɗaya bisa uku na pufferfish mazaunan ruwa ne, gami da fahak, wanda ya fi zama kusa da Kogin Nilu; mbu, wanda ya fi son ruwan Kogin Congo; da kuma shahararren takifugu ko launin ruwan kasa, suna rayuwa a cikin Tekun Pasifik da kuma a cikin ruwan China.
Wasu ƙananan raƙuman ruwa suna jagorantar hanyar rayuwa mai zuwa: rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai gishiri, a lokacin ɓatancin haihuwa ko neman abinci, sun isa cikin maɓuɓɓugan maɓuɓɓugan ruwa. Kasancewar sun yadu ta wannan hanyar a duk duniya, kifin kwalliya yana da kwanciyar hankali a kusan kowane mazaunin, banda kamammu, suna da wahalar haihuwa kuma suna buƙatar kulawa da kulawa ta musamman a cikin yanayin akwatin kifaye.
Menene kifin ƙwallo yake ci?
Hotuna: Kwallan kifi
Puffers masu karfin gwiwa ne. Rashin kula da algae gaba ɗaya azaman kayan abinci, tetraodons suna farin cikin cin abinci mai wadataccen furotin: tsutsotsi, soyayyen kifi da kifin kifi, katantanwa da jatan lande. Dangane da dabi'a, kifin ƙwallo ba ya barin al'adunsu ko dai a mazauninsu na asali, ba cikin ƙaura ba, masu iya cin abinci koyaushe.
Yana da ban sha'awa cewa faranti, maye gurbin tetraodons ɗin da haƙori, suna girma a cikinsu tsawon rayuwarsu. Yanayi ya san misalai da yawa na irin wannan sabuntawar, kuma a ko'ina ana warware ta ta hanya ɗaya: mutum yana nika haƙori. Skalozub don waɗannan dalilai yana cinye yawancin crustaceans tare da harsashi mai wuya da gnaws a murjani.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Spiny kifi
Tsananin halayyar jama'a na fututtuka ya sanya su shaharar kadaici. Yawancin lokaci hango haɗari, da kuma samun hanyoyin kariya ba tare da matsala ba, iska mai kumbura kumbura don haka tsoratar da makiyinsu. Koyaya, yawan amfani da wannan ƙwarewar baya amfanar da masu shi. Numfashin mutum yayin saurin kamuwa da cuta yana hanzarta sau biyar, wanda ke nuna ƙaruwa mai ban mamaki a cikin zuciya. Sabili da haka, kodayake koyaushe a shirye suke don kai farmaki, kifin ƙwallon yana da saukin rayuwa.
Kifin ƙwallan suna da matukar son kare yankunansu kuma basa yafe wa cin zarafin abokan gaba, suna matuƙar kare kansu. A cikin yaƙin, yanke mutuncin kifin a kwasan wasu kifaye, yin hakan a zaman wani ɓangare na gwagwarmayar yanki, kuma wani lokacin saboda ma'anar kishi.
Kifin Kwallan, ba tare da la’akari da jinsinsu ba, suna bin tsarin yau da kullun daidai: suna farkawa da fitowar rana, suna bacci lokacin faduwar rana. Yayin rana suna rayuwar rayuwa ta farauta. Wannan shine ɗayan dalilan da yasa waɗanda suke son samun kifin ƙwallo a cikin akwatin kifaye na gida ba'a basu shawara su sasanta shi a cikin kamfanin da bai dace ba. Kifin masassara zai iya cin duk mazaunan, ko kuma ya dauke su tushen damuwa kuma, saboda tsananin damuwa, zai mutu da sauri. A cikin bauta, tetraodons suna rayuwa tsawon shekaru 5-10, yayin da a cikin mazauninsu suke rayuwa mafi tsawo.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Kifin ruwan kifi
Saboda keɓewarsa, tetraodon da wuya ya zama yana da kyakkyawar alaƙar zamantakewar jama'a, yana fifita rayuwar gado zuwa daidaito. Mafi kyawun abin da aka yarda da shi na zamantakewar al'umma shine ƙananan makarantu ko ma'aurata. A cikin samari, wakilan jinsin suna da kwanciyar hankali, amma duk da tsufan da suka zama, yawancin halayen su yana lalacewa kuma mafi yawan abin da suke fuskantar fitina.
Wakilan jinsin suna shirye don haifuwa yana da shekara ɗaya zuwa uku. A lokacin haihuwa, maza da mata suna yin wannan al'adar ta aure: namiji yana wasa da mace da wasa, kuma idan ba ta yarda da zawarcinsa na dogon lokaci ba, yana iya ma cizon. Mazaje, galibi suna da launin launuka masu ƙyalli da ƙarami, suna wajan rakiyar mace cikin ɓoyayyiya, wurin kariya. A can take kwan, kuma nan da nan namijin ya hada mata. Wasu nau'ikan puffer sun fi son tsiro a cikin ruwa na sama. Mace na iya yin kwai har dari biyar a lokaci guda.
Abin lura ne cewa uba yana kula da zuriyar wannan nau'in. Kuma tuni a sati na biyu na rayuwa, ƙaramin tetraodons na iya iyo da kansu.
A cikin makonnin farko na rayuwa, duk nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan iska suna da ƙaramin harsashi, wanda a hankali yake ɓacewa, kuma ƙayayuwa ke zama a wurin. Kifin ƙwallan da sauri yakan yi kama, kuma bayan wata ɗaya ya bambanta da tsofaffin mutane kawai a ƙarami da girman launi: a cikin kifin kifi an fi bambanta shi sosai. Tare da taimakon launuka masu haske, ƙaramin ƙarni na ƙoƙari don hana haɗari mai yuwuwa da tsoratar da masu cin nama. Don kare kansu, dabbobi dabbobi ma suna son ɓuya a cikin amintattu, ɓoyayyun wurare: a cikin daskararrun ruwa ko taimako na ƙasa.
Matasan mutane sune mafi yawan abokan hulɗa. Zasu iya zama tare cikin aminci tare da jinsuna daban-daban ba tare da cutar da kowa ba. Yanayin faɗa yana fara bayyana kansa cikin ɓacin rai kawai tare da tsufa. Ya kamata masu ruwa da tsaki su san cewa ba a ba da shawarar a ajiye maza sama da ɗaya a cikin akwatin kifaye a lokacin ɓarkewar haihuwa a cikin fursuna don nasarar haifuwar jinsin. Saboda dabi'unsu na tashin hankali, kishi zai zama da sauri cikin faɗa, wanda tabbas zai mutu ga ɗayan maza.
Halitta makiya kifi ball
Hotuna: Kwallan kifi
Saboda keɓaɓɓiyar hanyar kariya, ɗabi'ar tashin hankali da sha'awar rayuwa ta ɓoye, kifayen kifaye ba su da makiya na asali. Koyaya, ba su tsere wa sakamakon kasancewar su wani ɓangare na sarkar abinci mai gina jiki ba saboda yanayin kasancewar babban mai farautar - mutum.
An san ko'ina a cikin duniya saboda abubuwan da ke da guba, kifin ƙwallo, duk da haka, ɗayan manyan kayan abinci ne na Jafananci. Duk da yawan mutuwar da waɗannan kifin ke kawo wa mutane a kowace shekara, gourmets na ci gaba da cinye su don abinci.
Har zuwa kashi 60% na mutanen da suka yanke shawarar dafa kifin puffer a karan kansu, wakilin haske mai kamun kifi, ya mutu daga gubarsa da gubar jijiya.
A Japan, akwai lasisi na musamman da aka bayar ga masu dafa abinci waɗanda aka horar don dafa wannan abinci mai kisa. Kamar yadda kuka sani, an hana amfani da hanta da kwai, kamar yadda yake dauke da gubar da ta fi karfi. Zuwa yau, ba maganin guba, kuma ana taimakawa wadanda abin ya shafa wajen kula da hanyoyin jini da hanyoyin numfashi, har sai tasirin guba ya yi rauni.
Abin sha'awa, ba duk nau'ikan kifin ƙwallan da ke da guba ba ne, kuma wasu za a iya cin su lafiya!
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Kwallan kifi
A yau, akwai nau'ikan ƙananan ƙwallan fiye da ɗari. Abin lura ne cewa wannan nau'in bai ta'ba yin zabi ba, saboda haka, ga dukkan nau'ikan dake akwai, bashin boko bashi ne kawai ga juyin halitta. Anan akwai wasu shahararrun wakilai na kananan kamfanonin:
Dwarf tetraodon shine mafi ƙarancin wakilin jinsin, ya kai tsayin tsayi na 7 santimita. Kowane mutum yana da launi mai haske mai ƙarfi, kuma yana iya dacewa da yanayin muhalli. Don haka, lokacin da aka nutsar a cikin zurfin zurfin ruwa, canza launin puffer ɗin zai yi duhu. Maza daga mata ana iya rarrabe su ta ƙananan launi na ƙarshe, da ƙananan ratsi masu gudana a jikinsu.
Mahalli na wannan nau'in tetraodon shine sabon ruwan Indochina da Malaysia. Bugu da kari, wannan nau'ikan jinsin ne aka fi sanya shi cikin rayuwa a cikin bauta saboda kusancin kawancen sa da girman da ya dace, da kuma rashin matsaloli game da haifuwa.
Farin-maki arotron wakilin ban sha'awa ne mai haske. An samo shi musamman a cikin murjani na yankin Pacific, ana kuma samunsa a gabar gabashin Afirka, da Japan, har ma da tsibirin Easter.
Wani fasali na musamman na wannan puffer shine canza launin rayuwarsa. don haka, a ƙuruciya, kifin ƙwallan yana da launin ruwan kasa mai duhu ko baƙi, wanda aka gauraye shi da ɗigon madara da yawa. A tsakiyar rayuwa, jiki yana farawa zuwa rawaya, yayin da yake lulluɓe da farin ɗigo-digo, wanda gabaɗaya ya ɓace a ƙarshen rayuwa, yana barin daidaikun mutane da launin zinariya tsarkakakke.
Kodayake waɗannan nau'ikan, ba kamar takwarorinsu ba, ba su da ƙashin ƙugu, amma tetraodons suna ci gaba da motsa jiki kuma masu iya ninkaya. Bugu da ƙari, wannan ƙimar ba ta canza su ba har ma a lokacin haɗari: kasancewar sun yi kama da sifa mai kyau, ba sa rasa ikon yin iyo da sauri, don haka ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba ga mai farauta ya riske su. Idan wannan ya faru, kuma mai zalunci ya sami damar kamawa da haɗiyar puffer, sakamakon mutuwa kusan babu makawa.
Abin mamaki, dafin ƙwallan ƙwallan yana da ƙarfi sosai har ma yana iya kashe shark!
Tetraodon Fahaka mai tsananin tashin hankali ne kuma ɗayan mafi girman nau'ikan nau'ikan kamalaƙu ne. An samo asali a cikin ruwan Afirka, galibi ana samun sa a cikin Kogin Nilu. Tare da wahalar gaske, ya yarda ya zauna cikin kamuwa, kuma baya yin kiwo a cikin akwatin kifaye.
Tsarin wannan puffer kusan bai bambanta da sauran wakilan jinsin ba: yana da ƙarfin kumburi, bashi da ƙugu a ciki kuma an rufe shi da ƙaya. Launinsa yana canzawa tsakanin kewayon launin ruwan kasa-da-rawaya, kuma ƙarfinsa yana raguwa tare da shekaru. Jikin wannan kifin puffer yana ɗauke da adadi mai yawa kuma haɗuwa da shi yana da haɗari sosai, sabili da haka waɗannan mutane ba safai ake basu shawarar a matsayin mazaunan akwatin kifaye ba. Hakanan yana da daraja a daina cin fahak.
Tetraodon Mbu shine mafi girman ƙananan ƙananan abubuwa, wanda zai iya kaiwa kimanin santimita saba'in a tsayi. Da yake zaune a cikin ruwan sabo na Afirka, wannan abin da ake yi wa wuyan gani ba abin ƙyama ba ne. Mallakar halayyar kariyar dukkan nau'ikan, wadannan nau'ikan suna amfani da shi sosai yadda yakamata: kwallon da aka zana, 70 cm a faifai kuma mai cike da tetrodotoxin, da kyar yake jan hankalin mafarautan da suke tsananin damuwa.
Abin sha'awa, duk da rashin barazanar gaske a mazaunin ta, tetraodon yana da tsananin tashin hankali, kuma yana iya zaluntar rashin adalci a cikin farautar. Sam bai san yadda ake zaman tare da maƙwabta ba kuma ya fi son kaɗaici ga alaƙar jama'a.
Takifugu ko fugu sune shahararrun nau'ikan nau'ikan kifin ƙwallo, wanda saboda ɗanɗano ya zama ɗayan abinci mafi haɗari a duniya. An samo shi a cikin ruwan gishiri na Tekun Fasifik, nau'in fugu wani muhimmin bangare ne na al'adun girke-girke na Japan.
Sananne ne cewa puffer ba ya samar da guba da kansa, amma yana tara shi a lokacin rayuwarsa tare da abincin da yake ci. Don haka, mutanen da aka tashe su a cikin fursuna kuma basu cinye takamaiman ƙwayoyin cuta ba su da lahani.
Kyakkyawa da ban dariya a cikin yanayin ta, kwallon kifi mai haɗari ne mai haɗari da abinci mai kisa wanda sananne ne kuma ƙaunatacce a yawancin ƙasashen Asiya. Bambancin jinsin tetraodons yana ba ka damar saduwa da su kusan koina a duniya kuma ku lura da kyawawan halayensu da daidaikunsu a cikin mazauninsu.
Ranar bugawa: 03/10/2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/18/2019 da 21:03
