Platypus wanda aka yarda dashi a matsayin ɗayan dabbobi mafi ban mamaki a Duniya. Ya haɗu da siffofin tsuntsaye, da dabbobi masu rarrafe da dabbobi masu shayarwa. Ptypus ne aka zaba azaman dabbar da ke alaman Australia. Da hotonsa, har ana yin kudi a wannan kasar.
Lokacin da aka gano wannan dabba, masana kimiyya, masu bincike da masanan kimiyyar dabbobi sun cika da mamaki. Nan take ba su iya tantance irin dabbar da ke gabansu ba. Hancin, mai kamanceceniya da bakin agwagwa, jelar beaver, yana tafe a kan kafafuwa kamar na zakara, da sauran fasalluka da yawa masu rikitar da masana kimiyya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Platypus
Dabbar na dabbobi masu shayarwa ne. Tare da macizai, memba ne na ƙungiyar masu girman kai. A yau, waɗannan dabbobin ne kawai wakilan gidan platypus. Masana kimiyya sun lura da halaye da yawa waɗanda suka haɗa su da dabbobi masu rarrafe.
A karon farko an gano fatar dabba a Australia a shekarar 1797. A wancan zamanin, masu bincike ba su iya samun bayanin wanda ya mallaki wannan fatar ba. Masana kimiyya har ma sun yanke shawara da farko cewa wani irin barkwanci ne, ko kuma watakila masanan kasar Sin ne suka kirkireshi don yin cushewar dabbobi. A wancan lokacin, ƙwararrun masu fasahar wannan nau'in sun sami nasarar ɗaure sassan jikin dabbobi daban-daban.
Bidiyo: Platypus
A sakamakon haka, dabbobi masu ban mamaki da babu su sun bayyana. Bayan da aka tabbatar da wanzuwar wannan dabba mai ban mamaki, mai bincike George Shaw ya bayyana shi a matsayin dankwalin kafar agwagwa. Duk da haka, kadan bayan haka, wani masanin kimiyya, Friedrich Blumenbach, ya bayyana shi a matsayin mai kawo rikitarwa game da bakin tsuntsu. Bayan doguwar jayayya da kokarin kawo matsaya guda, an sanya wa dabbar suna "beak mai kama da agwagwa".
Da zuwan platypus, dukkanin ra'ayoyi game da juyin halitta sun lalace gaba daya. Masana kimiyya da masu bincike kusan shekaru talatin ba su iya tantance wane nau'in dabbobi ya ke ba. A cikin 1825, sun gano shi a matsayin mai shayarwa. Kuma bayan kusan shekaru 60 aka gano cewa platypuses sukan sa ƙwai.
Tabbatacce ne a kimiyyance cewa wadannan dabbobin suna daga cikin tsofaffin Duniya. Tsohon wakilin wannan jinsin, wanda aka samo a Ostiraliya, ya fi shekaru miliyan 100. Wata karamar dabba ce. Ya kasance ba dare ba rana kuma bai san yadda ake sanya ƙwai ba.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Dabba platypus
Ptypus yana da danshi, jiki mai tsayi, gajerun gaɓoɓi. An lulluɓe jikin da ɗan gajeren lokacin ulu da aka yanke na duhu, kusan launin baƙi. A cikin ciki, rigar tana da haske, mai launi mai duhu. Kan dabba karami ne idan aka kwatanta shi da jiki, zagaye yake a sifa. A kan kai kuwa, babban baki ne, mai kama da bakin agwagwa. Kwallan ido, hanyoyin hanci da kunne suna cikin hutu na musamman.
Lokacin nutsewa, waɗannan ramuka a cikin wuraren shakatawa suna rufe tam, suna hana shigar ruwa. A lokaci guda, a cikin ruwa, platypus ba shi da ikon gani da ji. Babban jagora a cikin wannan halin shine hanci. Yawancin adadin cututtukan jijiyoyi suna tattare a ciki, wanda ke taimakawa ba kawai don yin tafiya daidai cikin sararin samaniya ba, har ma don ɗaukar ƙaramin motsi, da siginonin lantarki.
Girman Platypus:
- tsawon jiki - 35-45 cm. A cikin wakilan dangin platypuses, a bayyane yake bayyana dimorphism. Mata suna daya da rabi - sau 2 sun fi na maza;
- tsawon wutsiya 15-20 cm;
- nauyin jiki 1.5-2 kg.
Afusususususususususususususususunaunan nusaiƙantan gaɓoɓinsa, garesu a gaɓoɓin biyu, a gefen gefen jiki. Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dabbobi, lokacin da suke tafiya a kan ƙasa, suna tafiya, suna tawaya daga gefe zuwa gefe. Gabobin hannu suna da tsari mai ban mamaki. Suna da yatsu biyar, waɗanda ke haɗawa da membranes. Godiya ga wannan tsarin, dabbobi suna iyo suna nutsewa sosai. Ari ga haka, membranes na iya yin ɗamara, suna fallasa dogayen ƙusoshin hannu masu kaifi waɗanda ke taimakawa wajen haƙawa.
A ƙafafun baya, membranes ɗin ba su bayyana sosai, saboda haka suna amfani da ƙafafun gaba don yin iyo da sauri. Ana amfani da ƙafafun bayan kafa azaman gyara mai taken. Wutsiya tana aiki azaman ma'auni. Yana da fadi, dogo, an rufe shi da ulu. Saboda yawan gashi akan jela, ana iya tantance shekarun dabba. Mafi yawan furfurar da take dashi a kanta, ƙaramin platypus ne. Abin lura ne cewa ɗakunan ajiyar kitse suna tara galibi a cikin wutsiya, kuma ba a jiki ba.
Wannan dabba tana da halaye da yawa:
- Zafin jikin mutum mai shayarwa bai wuce digiri 32 ba. Yana da ikon daidaita yanayin zafin jikin ta, wanda ta dalilin hakan ya dace da yanayin muhalli da yawa.
- Farin jini na maza masu dafi ne.
- Dabbobi suna da laushi mai laushi.
- Platypuses ana rarrabe su ta hanyar mafi saurin tafiyar da dukkan hanyoyin tafiyar da rayuwa a cikin jiki tsakanin dukkanin dabbobi masu shayarwa da ke yau.
- Mata suna yin ƙwai, kamar tsuntsayen da daga baya ake samun 'ya'yansu.
- Platypuses suna iya tsayawa a ƙarƙashin ruwa na mintina biyar ko fiye.
Ina platypus yake zaune?
Hotuna: Platypus echidna
Har zuwa 20s na wannan karni, dabbobi suna rayuwa ne kawai a Ostiraliya. A yau, yawan dabbobi ya tattara daga abubuwan Tasmaniyya ta hanyar tsaunukan Ostiraliya, har zuwa gefen Queensland. Yawancin dangin platypus sun fi yawa a Australia da Tasmania.
Dabba mai shayarwa yana jagorantar ɓoye salon rayuwa. Sun kasance suna zaune a gefen gabar ruwa. Hali ne cewa sun zaɓi ɗakunan ruwa ne kawai don rayuwa. Platypuses sun fi son takamaiman tsarin zafin jiki na ruwa - daga digiri 24 zuwa 30. Don rayuwa, dabbobin suna yin rami. Gajerun hanyoyi ne, madaidaiciya. Tsawon burkin daya bai wuce mita goma ba.
Kowane ɗayansu yana da mashiga biyu da kuma dakin da aka tanada. Entranceaya ƙofar ana samun damar daga ƙasa, ɗayan daga tafki. Waɗanda ke son ganin platypus da idanunsu za su iya ziyartar gidan zoo, ko kuma ajiyar ƙasa a Melbourne, Ostiraliya.
Menene platypus ke ci?
Hotuna: Platypus a cikin ruwa
Platypuses ƙwararrun masu iyo ne da masu bambancin ra'ayi. Don yin wannan, suna buƙatar ƙarfi da yawa. Yawan abincin yau da kullun dole ne ya zama aƙalla kashi 30% na nauyin jikin dabba don biyan kuɗin kuzari.
Abin da ke cikin abincin platypus:
- kifin kifi;
- ruwan teku;
- kayan kwalliya;
- tadpoles;
- karamin kifi;
- tsutsayen kwari;
- tsutsotsi
Duk da yake a cikin ruwa, platypuses suna tattara abinci a cikin sararin kunci. Da zarar sun fita waje, sai su nika abincin da suka samu tare da taimakon maƙogwaron ƙarfinsu. Platypuses sukan kama wanda aka azabtar nan take su aika shi zuwa yankin kunci.
Ciyawar ruwa na iya zama tushen abinci ne kawai idan akwai matsaloli tare da wasu hanyoyin abinci. Amma wannan yana da wuya. Ana ɗaukar Platypuses ƙwararrun mafarauta. Suna iya juya duwatsu da hancinsu, kuma suna da karfin gwiwa a cikin ruwa mai laka cike da danshi.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: platypus na Australiya
Dabbobi sukan yi sulusin rayuwarsu a cikin ruwa. Yana da kyau irin waɗannan dabbobin su yi bacci. Yana iya ɗaukar kwanaki 6-14. Mafi sau da yawa, ana lura da wannan yanayin kafin farkon lokacin saduwa. Don haka, dabbobin suna samun ƙarfi da hutawa.
Platypus yafi aiki da daddare. Da dare yakan yi farauta ya sami abincinsa. Waɗannan wakilan dangin platypus sun fi son salon keɓewa. Baƙon abu ne a gare su su shiga ƙungiyoyi ko ƙirƙirar dangi. Platypuses suna da albarkar halitta tare da taka tsantsan.
Platypuses suna zaune galibi yankunan bakin ruwa. Saboda keɓaɓɓiyar damar sarrafa yanayin zafin jiki da daidaitawa daidai da yanayin muhalli, suna zama kusa da ba rafuka masu dumi da tabkuna kawai ba, har ma kusa da rafuka masu tsayi mai sanyi.
Don zama na dindindin, manya suna ƙirƙirar rami, ramuka. Suna tono su da ƙafafu masu ƙarfi da manyan ƙusoshi. Nora yana da tsari na musamman. Tana da mashiga biyu, karamin rami da falo, daki mai dadi. Dabbobi suna gina kabarinsu ta yadda hanyar ƙofar ta kasance kunkuntar. Yayin motsi tare da shi zuwa cikin ɗakin ciki, ana matse dukkan ruwa a jikin platypus.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Cub platypus
Lokacin saduwa yana farawa a cikin platypuses a watan Agusta kuma yana ɗaure har zuwa ƙarshen Oktoba, tsakiyar Nuwamba. Mata na jan hankalin wasu maza da mata ta hanyar girgiza wutsiyarsu. A wannan lokacin, maza suna zuwa yankin mata. Na ɗan lokaci suna bin juna da sauƙi a cikin wani irin rawa. Sannan namiji zai fara jan mace ta wutsiya. Wannan wani irin neman aure ne wanda yake daukar wani kankanen lokaci.
Bayan sun shiga cikin zamantakewar aure da takin zamani, mata na gina gidajen kansu, inda daga baya suke haihuwar 'ya'ya. Irin wannan ramin ya banbanta da mazaunin dabbobi na yau da kullun. Yana da ɗan tsayi, kuma a ƙarshen mace tana da gida. Mace tana rufe kasan da ganyaye, don tara abin da take amfani da jelarsa, wanda da ita ne take rake ta a tari. Bayan an gama ginin da tsari, mace zata toshe duk wasu hanyoyin da ke kasa. Hanya ce ta kare kanka daga ambaliyar ruwa da kuma hari daga mahara masu haɗari.
Sannan ta sanya tsakanin kwai daya zuwa uku. A waje, suna kama da ƙwai masu rarrafe. Suna da launi mai launin toka, harsashi na fata. Bayan kwanciya, mahaifiya mai ciki koyaushe tana dumama ta da dumin ta har zuwa lokacin da aka haifi yaran. 'Ya'yan sun ƙwanƙwasa bayan kwana goma daga lokacin da mace ta yi ƙwai. Kubiyoni ana haihuwarsu kanana, makafi da gashi. Girman su bai wuce cm 3. Yawanci ana haihuwar jarirai ne ta haƙori ƙwai, wanda aka tsara shi don ya ratsa ƙwarjin. Sannan yana sauka kamar ba dole ba.
Bayan haihuwar, uwar tana sanya jariran a kan cikin ta kuma shayar da su da madarar ta. Mata ba su da nono. A cikin ciki, suna da pores ta inda ake fitar da madara. Thean kwando kawai suna lasar shi. Mace tana tare da jariranta kusan kowane lokaci. Yana barin kabarin ne kawai don nema wa kansa abinci.
Bayan makonni 10 daga lokacin haihuwa, jikin jariran yana rufe da gashi, idanuwa a buɗe. Farkon farauta da ƙwarewar samar da abinci mai zaman kansa ya bayyana a watanni 3.5-4. Bayan shekara guda, samari suna yin rayuwa mai zaman kanta. Tsaran rayuwa a ƙarƙashin yanayin yanayi ba a fassara ta daidai. Masana kiwon dabbobi sun ba da shawarar cewa shekaru 10-15 ne.
Abokan gaba na platypuses
Hotuna: Platypus a Ostiraliya
A cikin mazaunin ƙasa, platypuses suna da enemiesan makiya a duniyar dabbobi, waɗannan sune:
- Python;
- saka idanu kadangaru;
- damisa.
Babban abokin gaba ga dabba mai shayarwa shine mutum da ayyukansa. A farkon karni na 20, mafarauta da mafarauta suka karkashe dabbobi babu tausayi don samun gashinsu. A wancan lokacin, ana jin daɗinsa sosai tsakanin masana'antun fur. Dabbar tana gab da halaka. Don yin gashin gashi kawai, ana buƙatar halakar da dabbobi sama da dozin biyar.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Dabba platypus
Saboda mafarauta da mafarauta waɗanda suka hallaka platypus da yawa a cikin bin ulu, a farkon karni na 20, dangin platypus kusan an hallaka su gaba ɗaya. Dangane da wannan, an hana farautar waɗannan dabbobi gaba ɗaya.
Zuwa yau, dabbobi ba sa fuskantar barazanar halaka gaba ɗaya, amma mazauninsu ya ragu sosai. Wannan ya faru ne saboda gurɓatar jikin ruwa, ci gaban manyan yankuna da humansan Adam. Hakanan, zomayen da masu mulkin mallaka suka gabatar sun rage mazauninsu. Suna haƙa ramuka a wuraren sasantawar dabbar kuma suna sanya su neman wasu yankuna na zama.
Kariyar Platypus
Hotuna: Platypus Red Book
Don adana nau'ikan jama'a, dabba tana cikin Lissafi. Ostiraliya ta shirya tsararru na musamman, a yankin da babu abin da ke barazanar platypuses. An samar da kyakkyawan yanayin rayuwa ga dabbobi a cikin wadannan yankuna. Mafi shahararrun wuraren ajiyar yanayi shine Hillsville a Victoria.
Ranar bugawa: 01.03.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 15.09.2019 a 19:09
