Damisar Dusar Kankara - Wannan mai ban mamaki ne mazaunin tsaunuka, mai farauta, mai saurin tashin hankali, kuma mai kyakkyawar dabba. Ba a kiran dabbar dusar ƙanƙara don komai. Wannan shine kawai wakilin dangi wanda ke zaune a cikin duwatsu, inda dusar ƙanƙara take duk shekara. Ana kiran mai farauta damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara, uban duwatsu ko damisar dusar ƙanƙara.
A zamanin da, saboda kamanceceniya da bayyanar su, ana kiransu damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara, har ma ana ɗaukar su wakilai na jinsi ɗaya. Duk da haka, damisar dusar ƙanƙara ba ta da alaƙa da damisa. Sun fi ƙarfi da sauri, duk da cewa sun fi ƙanana girma. Abun takaici, a yau wannan kyakkyawar maigidan yana gab da halaka.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hoto: Damisar Dusar Kankara
Irbis wakilai ne na dabbobi masu shayarwa. Sun kasance daga dangin dangi, an rarrabe su cikin jinsi da nau'in damisar dusar ƙanƙara. Ka'idar asalin wannan mai ban mamaki kuma mai matukar kyauta bai riga ya samu ba.
A ƙarshen karni na 16, 'yan kasuwar Rasha da masu sana'ar fure suka ji daga mafarautan Turkawa game da wani kyakkyawan mutum mai ban mamaki wanda suke kira "irbiz". A karo na farko, mazauna Turai sun sami damar ganin kyanwa a wani waje a cikin 1761. Mai binciken Georges Buffon ya nuna wa mutanen Turai kyawawan hotunan wata kyakkyawar kyanwar daji. Ya kara hotunansa da bayanin cewa an horas dasu kuma sun kawo su don shiga farauta a Farisa.
Bidiyo: Irbis
Tun daga wannan lokacin, da yawa daga cikin masu binciken ilimin kimiya da masu binciken dabbobin suna sha'awar wannan dabba mai ban mamaki. A shekara ta 1775, masanin kimiyyar dabbobin nan dan kasar Jamus kuma masanin kimiyyar halittu Johann Schreber ya rubuta cikakken aikin kimiyya wanda ya shafi asalin halittar dabbobi, da kuma bayanin kamanninsu da salon rayuwarsu. Bayan haka, masanin kimiyyar Rasha Nikolai Przhevalsky shima ya yi nazarin rayuwar damisar dusar kankara. An gudanar da gwaje-gwaje da dama na kimiyya, gami da kwayar halitta, gwargwadon yadda zai yiwu a tabbatar da cewa kusan kasancewar mai farautar kusan shekaru miliyan daya da rabi.
Ragowar farko na dabbar, wanda bisa dukkan alamu na damisar dusar ƙanƙara ne, an gano shi a kan iyakar yammacin Mongolia, a cikin Altai. An sanya su zuwa ƙarshen zamanin Pleistocene. Babban abu mai zuwa shine ragowar dabba a yankin arewacin Pakistan. Kimanin shekarunsu miliyan daya da rabi. Da farko, ana sanya damisar dusar ƙanƙara a matsayin masu wanzuwa. Nan gaba kadan, bincike ya nuna cewa damisa da damtsen ba su da siffofi kai tsaye a hade.
Wannan wakilin wakilin dangin yana da siffofi na musamman waɗanda ba wasu halittu bane a cikin sauran dangin. Wannan yana ba da filaye don bambance su da jinsinsu daban. Kodayake a yau babu cikakken bayani game da asalin halittar damisar dusar ƙanƙara, masana kimiyya sun karkata ga yin imani cewa damisar da dusar kankara ba su da kakanni. Sakamakon binciken kwayar halitta ya nuna cewa sun kasu zuwa wani reshe daban shekaru kadan da suka wuce.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: Damisar dabbar dabba
Damisar dusar ƙanƙara dabba ce mai ban sha'awa da kyau. Tsawan jikin mutum daya ya kai mita 1-1.4. Dabbobi suna da jela mai tsayi sosai, tsayinsa daidai yake da tsayin jiki. Tsawon wutsiya - mita 0.8-1. Wutsiya tana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Dabbobi suna amfani da shi don kiyaye daidaito a yankunan tsaunuka da kuma dumama gabansu da ƙafafunsu na baya cikin dusar ƙanƙara da sanyi. Nauyin babban mutum ɗaya kilo 30-50.
Ba a bayyana dimorphism na jima'i ba, amma, maza sun fi mata girma da ɗan bambanci. Masu farauta suna da manyan ƙafafun gaba tare da keɓaɓɓun kushin awo 1 * 1. Dogayen ƙafafun kafa na baya suna ba da hanzari tsakanin ƙwanƙolin tsaunuka da mara kyau, tsalle mai kyau. Gabobin hannu ba su da tsayi sosai, amma faratan suna da kauri da ƙarfi. Wsafafun ƙafafun suna da ƙwanƙwasa fiɗa. Godiya ga wannan, babu sauran alamun alamar ƙwanƙwasa a kan dusar ƙanƙara inda mai farautar alheri ya wuce.
Mai cin naman farjin yana da kai mai zagaye, amma wanda yake da ƙananan kunnuwa, masu kusurwa uku. A lokacin sanyi, kusan ba a iya ganuwarsu cikin kaurinsu, doguwar fur. Dabbobi suna da ma'ana sosai, zagaye idanu. Damisar dusar ƙanƙarar tana da tsayi, sirara masu ƙarfi. Tsawon su ya kai sama da santimita goma.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Damisar dusar kankara tana da dogon gashi mai kauri da yawa, wanda ke sanya shi dumi a cikin yanayi mara kyau. Tsawon ulu ya kai santimita 50-60.
Yankin sashin kashin baya da gefen gefen jiki launin toka ne, yana kusa da fari. Ciki, gabobin ciki da ƙananan ciki sun fi sauƙi a sautin. An bayar da launi na musamman ta zoben-zobe mai duhu, kusan zoben baƙi. A cikin waɗannan zobba akwai ƙananan zobba. Circlesananan da'irar suna cikin yankin kai. A hankali, daga kai, tare da wuya da jiki zuwa jela, girman yana ƙaruwa.
Mafi girman zobba suna a cikin wuya da gabar jiki. A baya da wutsiya, zobban sun haɗu don yin ratsi masu ratsawa. Kullun wutsiya koyaushe baki ne. Launi na furcin hunturu shine smoky launin toka tare da ruwan lemo mai haske. Wannan launi yana ba su damar kasancewa cikin duwatsu masu duwatsu da dusar ƙanƙara. A lokacin rani, gashin ya zama haske, kusan fari.
A ina damisar dusar ƙanƙara take rayuwa?
Hoto: Damisar dusar ƙanƙara a Rasha
Dabbobin suna rayuwa ne kawai a yankunan tsaunuka. Matsakaicin tsayin matsuguni na dindindin ya kai mita 3000 sama da matakin teku. Koyaya, don neman abinci, suna iya hawa zuwa tsayi wanda ya ninka wannan adadi sau biyu. Gabaɗaya, mazaunin damisar dusar kankara yana da yawa. Mafi yawan dabbobi ana tattara su ne a kasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya.
Yankuna na damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara:
- Mongoliya;
- Afghanistan;
- Kirgizistan;
- Uzbekistan;
- Tajikistan;
- China;
- Indiya;
- Kazakhstan;
- Rasha.
A cikin ƙasarmu, yawan masu lalata dabbobin ba su da yawa. Sun kasance galibi a cikin Khakassia, Yankin Altai, Tyva, Krasnoyarsk Territory. Dabbar tana rayuwa a cikin tsaunuka kamar su Himalayas, Pamirs, Kun-Lune, Sayan, Hindu Kush, a cikin tsaunukan Tibet, da sauran su. Hakanan, dabbobi suna rayuwa a yankin yankuna masu kariya da kariya. Wadannan sun hada da yankin shakatawa na kasa Altushinsky, Sayano - Shushensky.
Mafi yawan lokuta, mai farautar yakan zaɓi yankin daɗaɗɗun duwatsu, zurfafan kwazazzabai da dazuzzuka a matsayin wurin zama. Irbis ya fi son yankuna da ƙarancin dusar ƙanƙara. Don neman abinci, tana iya saukowa zuwa gandun daji, amma tana cinye yawancin lokaci a yankunan tsaunuka. A wasu yankuna, damisar dusar ƙanƙara suna zaune a tsawan da ba su wuce dubban kilomita sama da matakin teku ba. A yankuna kamar irin tudun na Turkestan, galibi yana rayuwa ne a tsawan mita dubu 2 da rabi, kuma a cikin tsaunukan Himalayas suna hawa zuwa mita dubu shida da rabi. A lokacin hunturu, zasu iya canza wuraren aiyukan su dangane da yankuna inda mazauna yankin suke rayuwa.
Ofasar Rasha ba ta wuce 2% na duk mazaunin mahautan. Kowane ɗayan baligi yana mallakar yanki na musamman, wanda aka haramta wa wasu.
Me damisar dusar ƙanƙara take ci?
Hoto: Damisar Dusar Kankara
A dabi'ance, damisar dusar ƙanƙara mai farauta ce. Yana ciyarwa ne kawai akan asalin asalin nama. Zai iya farautar tsuntsaye biyu da manyan dabbobi.
Menene wadatar abinci:
- Yaki;
- Tumaki;
- Barewa;
- Argali;
- Irsasusai;
- Serau;
- Boars;
- Barewar Musk;
- Marmotsi;
- Gophers;
- Kurege;
- Kekliki;
- Fuka mai fuka;
- Rodents;
- Awakin dutse.
Don cin abinci guda ɗaya, dabba tana buƙatar kilogram 3-4 na nama don cika shi sosai.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Damisar dusar kankarar tana cin abinci ne a gida. Bayan farauta mai nasara, damisa tana ɗaukar ganima zuwa kogon kuma a can ne kawai za ta ci shi.
Irbis shine mafarauci na musamman, kuma yana iya kashe waɗanda aka kashe sau ɗaya a cikin farauta ɗaya. A lokacin rani, zai iya cin 'ya'yan itace ko nau'ikan ciyayi iri daban-daban, samari matasa. Don farauta mai nasara, damisa tana zaɓar mafi dacewar kwanto. Ainihi yana zaɓar wurare kusa da magudanan ruwa inda dabbobi ke zuwa shan ruwa, da kuma kusa da hanyoyi. Yana kai hari tare da kaifi, saurin walƙiya daga kwanto. Dabbar da aka ɗauka ba ta da lokacin amsawa kuma ta zama ganima ta mai farauta. Damisa galibi tana kai hare hare daga nisan mitoci da yawa.
Wani babban dabba da yakai hari tare da tsalle a bayansa kuma nan take ya cije a maƙogwaro, yayi ƙoƙari ya ci ko ya karya wuya. Irbis, a matsayin doka, ba shi da masu fafatawa. Yana cin naman sabo, kuma ya bar komai ga sauran masu cin nama ko tsuntsaye.
A lokutan yunwa, zai iya saukowa daga duwatsu ya farautar dabbobi - tumaki, masauki, aladu, da sauransu. Fuka-fukai, beraye da ƙananan dabbobi sune tushen abinci kawai lokacin da akwai ƙarancin ƙarancin manyan dabbobi a yankin da masu farautar ke rayuwa.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Damisar Damisa Ja Ja
Irbis sun fi son salon kadaici. Kowane ɗayan baligi yana zaɓar wani wurin zama, wanda aka hana shi ga sauran wakilan jinsin. Idan wasu mutanen wannan dangi suka shiga mazaunin, ba tare da la'akari da jinsi ba, ba sa nuna fitinar da ta bayyana. Mazaunin mutum ɗaya daga 20 zuwa 150 murabba'in kilomita.
Kowane mutum yana yiwa yankin sa alama tare da takamaiman ƙamshi, kazalika da alamun alamar akan bishiyoyi. A yanayin wanzuwar a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa, ko wuraren ajiyar dabbobi, inda dabbobi ke da iyaka a cikin ƙasa, suna ƙoƙari su nisan taƙalla aƙalla kilomita biyu da juna. A wasu keɓaɓɓu banda, damisar dusar ƙanƙara ta wanzu biyu-biyu.
Yana da aiki sosai da dare. Yana fita farauta da fitowar rana ko da daddare. Mafi yawan lokuta, yana haɓaka wata hanya kuma don neman abinci yana motsawa kawai tare dashi. Hanyar ta kunshi wuraren shayarwa da wuraren kiwo mara shinge. A yayin cin nasara akan hanyarsa, baya rasa damar ɗaukar ƙaramin abinci.
Damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara tana da alamun alama a kan kowace hanya. Waɗannan na iya haɗawa da magudanan ruwa, koguna, rafuka, kololuwar dutse ko duwatsu. Hanyar hanyar da aka zaɓa yana ɗauka daga ɗaya zuwa kwanaki da yawa. A wannan lokacin, mai farautar ya rinjayi kilomita goma zuwa talatin.
A lokacin sanyi, lokacin da kaurin murfin dusar kankara ya tsiro, ana tilasta mai farautar ya tattake hanyoyinsa domin ya sami damar yin farauta. Wannan na iya yin wasa da muguwar magana tare da shi, tunda hanyoyin da ake gani a cikin dusar ƙanƙara da kuma ɗabi'ar rashin canza hanyar su ya sa sun zama masu sauƙin ganimar mafarauta. Dabbobi suna iya haɓaka saurin sauri kuma, godiya ga dogayen ƙafa, tsalle tsayin mita 10-15 a tsayi.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Irbis - Wannan shine kawai memba na dangin dangi, wanda baƙon abu bane don hayaniya. Sau da yawa suna yin sautuna masu jan hankali. Wannan gaskiyane ga mata yayin lokacin aure. Da wannan sautin ne, wanda aka samar ta hanyar hanyoyin iska ta hancin hancin, matan na sanar da maza wuraren da suke.
Hakanan ana amfani da wannan sautin azaman gaisuwa ta daidaikun mutane. Hakanan ana amfani da maganganun fuska da tuntuɓar kai tsaye azaman sadarwa. Don nuna karfinsu, dabbobi suna bude baki baki daya, suna fidda dogayen hanunsu. Idan masu farautar suna cikin yanayi mai kyau kuma cikin yanayi na lumana, suna dan bude bakunansu, ba tare da nuna haushi ba, kuma suna murde hancinsu.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hoto: Damisar Damisar Damisa
Dabbobi sukan yi rayuwar kadaici. Mutanen da ba na jima'i ba suna sadarwa da juna kawai yayin lokacin aure. Mating na mace faruwa kowane shekara biyu. Dabbobi halittarsu daya tak. Lokacin da suke cikin bauta ko a wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da wuraren kiyayewa, suna iya zama mata ɗaya.
Lokacin aure yana dogara sosai akan kakar. Yana farawa ne daga farkon lokacin sanyi kuma yakan kasance har zuwa tsakiyar bazara. Mata na jan hankalin maza ta hanyar yin dogon sauti, mai sheshi. Maza suna amsa kira. Lokacin da aka sami mutane daban-daban na jinsi a cikin yanki ɗaya, yana nuna haɓaka sosai. Ta daga jelarta da bututu tana yawo da namiji. A yayin saduwa, namiji yana rike da mace a wuri guda, yana kame gashi da hakoransa a bushewar. Ciki na mata yana ɗaukar kwanaki 95-115. Kitananan kittens suna fitowa daga tsakiyar bazara zuwa tsakiyar bazara. Mafi yawanci, mace daya tana iya haifuwa bai wuce kittens uku ba. A cikin yanayi na musamman, ana iya haifar da kittens biyar. Yarinya mata suna haihuwar hera heranta a cikin kwazazzabai na dutse.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa. Mace tana yin wani irin burrow a cikin kwazazzabo, ta lika gindinta da ulu daga ciki.
Kowace kyanwa da aka haifa tana da nauyin gram 250-550. Ana haihuwar jarirai makaho, bayan kwanaki 7-10 idanunsu na bude. Suna barin ramin bayan watanni biyu. Bayan sun kai watanni 4-5, suna shiga cikin farauta. Har zuwa watanni shida, uwa tana ciyar da jariranta da madarar uwa. Bayan sun kai shekaru wata biyu, kittens sun fara zama sannu-sannu game da abinci mai ƙarfi, mai nama. Mata na balaga yayin da suke shekara uku, maza a shekaru huɗu. A lokacin shekarar farko, suna kula da mafi kusancin haɗin mahaifi da mahaifiya.
Matsakaicin lokacin rayuwar masu farauta shine shekaru 13-15 a cikin yanayin yanayi. A cikin bauta, tsawon rai na iya ƙaruwa har zuwa shekaru 27.
Abokan gaba na damisar dusar ƙanƙara
Hoto: Babban Damisar Dusar Kankara
Damisar dusar ƙanƙara ana ɗaukarsa dabba ce da ke tsaye a saman dutsen dala kuma kusan ba shi da abokan hamayya da abokan gaba. A wasu lokuta, akwai ƙiyayya tsakanin mutane, yayin aiwatar da manya, manyan mutane ke mutuwa. Fada tsakanin damisa da damisa abu ne da ya zama ruwan dare. Manya, mutane masu ƙarfi suna yin barazana ga samari da damuwar dusar ƙanƙara.
Babban barazanar ita ce ta mutane da ke kashe dabbobi don bin wata fata mai tamani. A cikin kasashen Asiya, galibi ana amfani da abubuwa masu ƙashi a magani azaman madadin kasusuwa na damisa don kera magunguna.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Damisar damisa
A yau wannan mai ban mamaki da kuma kyakkyawa mai farauta yana gab da halaka. Wannan matsayi na wannan nau'in dabba yana faruwa ne saboda wasu takamaiman dalilai.
Dalilan bacewar nau'ikan:
- Mazaunin kowane rukunin dabbobi yana da nisa daga juna;
- Yawan kiwo a hankali;
- Rushewar tushen abinci - raguwar adadin artiodactyls
- Mafarauta;
- Lokacin jinkiri sosai.
A cewar kungiyar kare hakkin dabbobi ta duniya, akwai mutane dubu 3 zuwa 7 a duniya. Wasu dabbobin dubu 1.5-2 sun wanzu a gidajen zoo da wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa. Dangane da mummunan ƙididdiga, yawan mutane a Rasha ya ragu da kashi ɗaya bisa uku a cikin shekaru goma da suka gabata. Hakanan sauƙin jinsin ya sauƙaƙe ta ƙarancin raguwar adadin matan da suka manyanta.
Kariyar damisa
Photo: Damisar dusar ƙanƙara daga littafin Ja
Don manufar kariya, wannan jinsin dabbobi masu farauta an jera su a cikin Littafin Duniya, haka kuma a cikin Littafin Red Book na Rasha, a matsayin jinsin da ke cikin hatsari. Kunshe a cikin littafin Red Book of Mongolia a cikin 1997 kuma aka sanya matsayin "nau'in da ba kasafai ke saurin faruwa ba". A yau, don kiyayewa da haɓaka yawan waɗannan masu ban mamaki masu ban mamaki, an ƙirƙiri wuraren shakatawa na ƙasa da wuraren kiyayewa wanda dabbobi ke haifuwa.
A shekara ta 2000, an sanya dabbar a cikin IUCN Red List a ƙarƙashin mafi girman rukunin kariya. Bugu da kari, damisar dusar kankara an sanya ta a cikin Rataye na farko na Yarjejeniyar kan Cinikin Kasa da Kasa a Dabbobin Dabbobi da Tsire-tsire daban-daban.A duk ƙasashen da dabbar ke rayuwa, farauta da halakar kyakkyawan mutum a hukumance, a matakin doka. Cin amanar wannan buƙata ta zama laifi.
Damisar Dusar Kankara dabba ce mai ban mamaki kuma mai matukar kyau. Alama ce ta girma, iko da rashin tsoron ƙasashe da yawa. Baƙon abu ne a gare shi ya afka wa mutum. Wannan zai iya faruwa ne kawai a cikin keɓaɓɓun keɓaɓɓu.
Ranar bugawa: 04.03.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 15.09.2019 a 18:52
