Siberian roe barewa Shin ƙaramar ƙaramar karya ce Yana da sunaye da yawa. Mafi yawanci shine gabas. Darewar barewa ana ɗaukarta mafi girma a cikin jinsin ƙaramar barewa. Yanayi ya baiwa wannan dabba kyakkyawar ni'ima, rauni da kuma taka tsantsan. Halaye da salon rayuwa suna da kamanceceniya da awaki. Babban dangi shine Baƙin Turai.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Siberian roe deer
Bakon dawa na Siberia na dabbobi ne masu ƙoshin dabbobi, masu kofato. Na dangin barewa ne, nau'in halittar barewa. Tsoffin kakannin jinsi sune Miocene Mundjaks. Masana kimiyya sun lura cewa a cikin Upper Miocene da Lower Pliocene, rukunin dabbobi sun rayu ko'ina cikin Turai da Asiya, waɗanda ke da fasali da yawa iri ɗaya tare da barewar zamani. Har zuwa kwanan nan, Siberian roe deer ta kasance cikin yanayin yanayi mai kyau.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Siberia roe deer mace
Tsawon jikin wannan wakilin gidan barewa bai wuce mita daya da rabi ba. Tsayin jiki a bushe yakai santimita 80-95. Nauyin jikin manya yakai kilo 30 - 45. Maza sun fi mata girma kaɗan, amma ba a faɗar da wannan.
Roe deer yana da ƙarami, ɗan madaidaiciya abin bakin ciki. Girman kwanyar bai wuce santimita 20-22 ba. Akwai manyan ƙaho a kan kai, tsayinsa a wasu yanayi ya kai rabin mita. Theahonin galibi suna da faɗi, suna yaɗuwa. Maza ne kaɗai ke sanya dogayen ƙahoni masu kyau. Mata ba su da su kwata-kwata, ko kuma suna da ƙananan ƙahonin da ba su da sha'awa a waje.
Bidiyo: Siberia roe deer
Gashi a lokacin hunturu mai kauri ne da jan launi. A lokacin bazara da bazara, launin gashi mai toka ya mamaye, yayin da farin madubi a yankin wutsiya ya zama launi ɗaya da duka jiki. Wool ta zubar sau biyu a shekara. A lokacin bazara, rigar ta fi siriri da gajarta sosai. Mata da mata suna da launi iri ɗaya.
A kan kai dogaye ne, zagaye kunnuwa. Eyeswararrun baƙatattun idanu suna rarrabewa da barewa tare da ɗalibai da aka kewaya. Dabbar tana da dogon wuya, mai kyan gani ba tare da gogewa ba. A cikin maza, ya fi ƙarfi da kaya fiye da mata. Siberian roe deer na da dogayen siraɗi. Gaban gaban goshi sun ɗan gajarta da na baya. Saboda wannan, kashin baya ya dan karkata gaba. Tana da karamin jela zagaye wanda kewaya da zoben farin ulu wanda ake kira madubi.
A lokacin bazara-lokacin bazara, maza sun sami ci gaba sosai na asirin gland, musamman, ƙwayoyin cuta da gumi. Tare da taimakonsu, maza suna barin alamun da ke nuna cewa suna cikin wani yanki. Siberian roe deer na da kyakkyawar ƙwarewa, ingantacciyar ji da ƙamshi.
A ina ne barewar Siberiya take rayuwa?
Hotuna: Siberian roe deer Red Book
Mazaunin yana da fadi sosai.
Siberia roe deer mazaunin:
- Yankunan Arewacin Mongolia;
- Yankin Yammacin China;
- Tsakiyar Asiya;
- Yakutia;
- Transbaikalia;
- Siberia;
- Ural.
Kakannin wannan nau'in artiodactyls a tsohuwar zamanin sun zaɓi yankin gandun daji-steppe don zama. Koyaya, tare da faɗaɗa kan iyakar ƙasar da mutum ya haɓaka, sun koma cikin dazuzzuka. Deer Deer sun zaɓi yanki a matsayin mazauninsu, inda suke iya ɓoyewa da samun abinci a sauƙaƙe. Idan babu matsalolin ciyarwa, amma akwai wahala tare da mafaka, dabbar ba zata zauna a nan ba. Wannan shi ne saboda ci gaba na ilhami na kiyaye kai.
Dabbobin dawa da ke zaune a sarari, tsire-tsire masu yawa marasa tsari suna da sauƙin ganima ga masu farauta.
Sun fi son tsaunukan tsaunuka, wuraren duwatsu, manyan bishiyun daji, bakin kogin tafki. Additionari ga haka, waɗannan dabbobin masu rauni suna son ciyawar, tsayi, ciyawa mai yawa. Sau da yawa zaka iya samun barewar Siberia a cikin yankunan fadama, a cikin coniferous, bishiyoyin gandun daji, a yankin ƙasar noma. Suna da kyakkyawan inganci don daidaitawa da yankin da aka nome. Ya kamata a lura cewa waɗannan, da farko kallo, dabbobi masu ladabi suna jure wa sanyi, sanyi mai ɗorewa.
Da yawa daga manyan dalilai sun shafi zabi na wurin sasantawa: kasancewar tushen wuta, mafaka da tsayin murfin dusar ƙanƙara. Matsakaicin iyakar halatta na ƙwanƙolin dusar ƙanƙara ya kai mita 0.5. Idan tsayi ya wuce wannan alamar, artiodactyls suna neman wani wurin da murfin dusar ƙanƙan ya ragu sosai. Wani mahimmin yanayin shine dusar ƙanƙara ba ta kwanciya a ƙasa tsawon shekara.
Menene barewar Siberia take ci?
Hotuna: Namiji daga barewar Siberia
Siberian roe deer su ne shuke-shuke. Koyaya, ba za a iya cewa ciyawa ɗaya kawai suke ci ba. Dabbobi na iya cin namomin kaza, 'ya'yan itace, ƙarancin matasa, ganye. A farkon bazara, suna cin furannin da ke tsiro a kan bishiyoyi. Sun fi son m, sabo ne kore. Zasu iya ciyar da ciyawar bushewa, hatsi tare da rashin abinci.
Domin jiki ya karɓi ma'adanai da ake buƙata, barewa na cin lasar gishiri, ko kuma suna neman hanyoyin ruwa don shayarwa, waɗanda aka wadatar da ma'adinai. A lokacin da ciki da ciyar da matasa, buƙatar samun ma'adinai yana ƙaruwa sau da yawa.
Lokaci mafi wahala ga barewar Siberia shine ƙarshen lokacin hunturu. A wannan lokacin ne suke jin karancin abinci mai arzikin ma'adinai, da ruwa. Lokacin da jikin ruwa ya daskare don cika buƙatun jiki na ruwa, dusar ƙanƙara na iya cinyewa. A lokacin hunturu, in babu abinci, suna iya cin conifers.
Tsarin narkewa na artiodactyls yana da karamin ciki. A sakamakon haka, barewa tana cin kaɗan. Koyaya, motsa jiki mai aiki yana buƙatar cin abinci mai yawa. A rana, wani babba yana da aƙalla abinci 7-10. Tallafin abinci na yau da kullun ga mutum ɗaya yana ƙaddara ta nauyin jikinsa kuma kusan kilogram 2-2.5 na koren ciyayi. A lokacin sanyi, yawan abinci na yau da kullun yana raguwa, kamar yadda abun cikin kalori yake.
A cikin yanayin ƙarancin abinci, gasa mai ƙarfi tana girma tsakanin wasu marasa kulawa da barewar Siberia. A lokacin hunturu, in babu tushen abinci, barewa suna yin dusar ƙanƙara tare da kofato, suna haƙa ciyawar bushewa. Suna iya samun abincin su daga ƙarƙashin matakan dusar ƙanƙara, wanda kaurin sa ya kai rabin mita.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Siberian roe deer
A cikin waɗannan dabbobin, ana yin wasan motsa jiki na yau da kullun. Lokacin kiwo da motsi suna canzawa tare da tauna abinci da hutawa, barci. Dabbobin da suka fi aiki da motsi suna cikin wayewar gari. Dabbobin suna yin mafi yawan lokacinsu akan gado. Bungaren dandamali ne waɗanda suke share dusar ƙanƙara da busassun ciyayi tare da kofato. Yawancin lokaci Siberian roe deer yakan zaɓi wurare don kwanciya a gefen makiyaya, ko a cikin wani daji.
Ta dabi'arsu, Siberian roe deer ba dabbobi ba ne. Suna haɗuwa cikin ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na mutane 7-12. Groupungiyar ta ƙunshi namiji, mata da yawa da ƙananan dabbobi. A lokacin sanyi, ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na iya ƙirƙirar garke na kai kai dozin uku. Da farkon bazara, sai suka sake watsewa.
Ayyukan yau da kullun ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: yanayi, yawan mutane a cikin garken, tsananin matsa lamba na anthropogenic. A lokacin hunturu, ana lura da mafi girman aiki a sanyin safiya, lokacin rani - da daddare da yamma. Tare da matsin lambar anthropogenic, babban aikin mutane shima yana faruwa da daddare.
Siberian roe deer an haɗa su zuwa takamaiman yanki. Bayan sun mallaki wani yanki, sukan koma can kuma da sake. Maza sun rufe wani yanki, wanda aka yiwa alama ta goge goshinsu da wuyansu ga bishiyoyi. Hakanan suna iya haƙa ƙasa da kofato, suna barin asiri a kanta tsakanin gland ɗin dijital. Adultaya daga cikin manyan mazaje yana da fadin hekta 20 zuwa 150. Matsayin mai ƙa'ida, dukiyar maza ba ta zoba. Kwancen filaye a kan juna yana yiwuwa ne kawai a babban ƙarfi.
Baƙon abu ne ga maza su shiga yankuna ƙasashen waje. Da farkon kowace sabuwar kakar, mazan da suka balaga sun sake dawo da haƙƙin mallakin yankin.
Ana ɗaukar Siberian roe deer a matsayin dabbobi masu zaman lafiya, marasa rikici. Ko tsakanin maza, rikice-rikice ba sa faruwa. Lokacin da yanayi mai rikitarwa ya taso, sukan nuna ƙarfi a gaban abokin gaba. Deer yana yin sautuna daban-daban.
Alamar sauti na yau da kullun na barewar Siberia:
- Kusa Abune na al'ada lokacin da mace take magana da 'ya'yanta. Ya kasance bayyanar damuwa, damuwa.
- Hissing, snorting. Nuna zalunci, haushi.
- Haushi. Rikita, mutane da suka firgita na iya bugawa.
- Nishi Fitar da dabbar da ta makale.
- Tsalle da amo, kofato. Alama ce ta halayyar haɗari, tsoro.
A cikin sadarwar mutane da juna, yaren da ba na magana ba na matsayi yana taka muhimmiyar rawa. Don haka, suna ba wa juna ƙararrawa, kiran gudu, da dai sauransu. Deer yakan yi gudu da sauri da tsalle sama. A ƙoƙarin tserewa daga farautar, barewar Siberia ta yi tsalle sama da mita biyar a tsayi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Siberian roe deer cub
Lokacin saduwa ga dabbobi yana farawa ne a tsakiyar watan Yuli kuma yana ɗaukar wata ɗaya da rabi zuwa watanni biyu. Maza suna cikin bincike na mata koyaushe, kusan ba sa cin komai a wannan lokacin. Matan da suka kai shekaru biyu ana ɗaukar su balaga ne. Idan akwai masu neman dama don neman damar yin aure da mata, maza na iya yin fada da juna.
Har ila yau, akwai bayyanar tashin hankali ga maza ga mata. A cikin lokacin saduwa guda daya, namiji na iya yin takin zamani har zuwa mata mata 5-7. Hakanan ba a rarrabe mace ta barewa ta hanyar ƙirƙirar shaidu. Kodayake wani lokacin suna iya yin aure tsawon shekaru a jere tare da namijin da suka fi so.
Ba a lura da cikin ciki a Siberiya artiodactyls. Wato, amintaccen amfrayo yana dakatar da girma da ci gaba har zuwa watanni 3-4. Idan saduwa ta faru a cikin kaka, babu lokacin latency don daukar ciki. Da farkon girma tayi, mace zata zama mafi kyau kuma mai hankali. Ba ta da halaye masu kaifi, tsalle masu haɗari, masu saurin gudu. Lokacin daukar ciki ana shayar dashi daga kwana 250 zuwa 320. Daga ɗaya zuwa uku ake haifuwa.
'Ya'yan Deer deer suna da rauni da rashin ƙarfi. Mace tana ɓoye su a cikin wuraren ɓoye na tsawan watanni.
Jigogin da ke baya suna taimakawa wajen sake kamun kafa a cikin ciyawar ciyayi. Mahaifiyar ba ta da nisa, amma ta fi son rashin ciyarwa da hutawa da jariran, don kar ta ja hankali gare su. Mace tana ci gaba da hulɗa da zuriyar har sai wani sabon ƙarni ya bayyana.
Siberian roe deer tana da taki sosai. Da farkon kowace sabuwar kakar, sama da kashi 96% na matan da suka balaga da jinsi na jinsin suna haifar da offspringa offspringa. Duk da yawan haihuwa, haɓakar halitta ba ta girma cikin sauri. Daga cikin wannan nau'in tsirrai, akwai ƙarancin rayuwa na ɗiya.
Abokan gaba na Siberian roe deer
Hotuna: Siberian roe deer
Abokan gaba na Siberian roe deer dabbobi ne masu farauta. Waɗannan sun haɗa da beyar, lynxes, Wolves, damisa. Dawakai da nau'in tsuntsaye masu farauta suna barazana ga yara da toa offspringan da ba su da ƙarfi.
Growtharamar girma da launin gashi mai launin toka-mai launin ruwan kasa yana ba shi damar narkewa dangane da bangon shrubs, ganye da ciyayi masu tsayi. Doguwar ƙafa na ba ka damar gudu da sauri kuma ka shawo kan manyan matsaloli. A lokacin neman, babban barewa mai saurin girma ya haɓaka gudu har zuwa 50 km / h. A wannan saurin, ba sa iya yin tafiya mai nisa. Koyaya, ikon yin irin waɗannan abubuwan tsalle da tsalle har zuwa mita 4-7 a tsayi yana ba ku damar guje wa biɗan.
Mutum maƙiyi ne mai haɗari na barewar Siberia. Dalili ne cewa mutum ya lalata mahalli na waɗannan dabbobin masu rauni, da farauta da farauta, suna kan hanyar ƙarewa. A Siberian roe deer shine mafi kyaun ganima na mafarauta da mafarauta. Horaho, ƙaho masu nauyi, fatu da nama mai taushi koyaushe ana buƙatarsu kuma suna da matukar daraja.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Siberia roe deer mace
Akwai wasu yankuna a ciki waɗanda aka lissafa su a cikin Littafin Ja. A cikin yankin Tarayyar Rasha, Siberian roe deer an lasafta shi a cikin Littafin Ja na Yankin Tomsk da Krasnoyarsk Territory. An sanya su matsayin yawan raguwa.
Gabaɗaya, a yau ba a yi wa nau'in barazanar halaka. Godiya ga kiwo cikin fursunoni da yawa, akwai kusan mutane miliyan 10-13 a tsakiyar Turai. Kodayake shekaru biyu ko biyu da rabi da suka gabata, yawansu ya ninka kasa da sau biyu.
Babban haihuwa yana ba da damar saurin dawo da yawan jama'a. A wasu yankuna, ana ba da izinin farautar Siberian roe deer bayan sayan lasisi. A cikin ƙasashen Asiya ta Tsakiya, ana ɗaukar naman raƙuman daji babban abinci saboda ƙimar abincinsa.
Kariya daga barewar Siberia
Hotuna: Siberian roe deer Red Book
Don kare dabba, an hana farautar su a yankuna inda yawancin jinsin ke ragu sosai. Misali, Burtaniya ma tana aikata laifi idan wani dabba ya ji rauni a ciki. A yankin Tarayyar Rasha, ana kuma ɗaukar matakan don hana ɓarna da farauta ba tare da izini ba. Idan aka karya dokoki, za a ci tarar maharin. Girmanta ya dogara da girman ɓarnar da aka yi.
Siberian roe barewa - dabba mai kyau da taushi. Hanyar rayuwa da halaye a cikin yanayin yanayi abin sha'awa ne. Mutum yana neman ƙirƙirar mafi kyawun yanayi don faɗaɗa kewayen waɗannan dabbobi masu shayarwa.
Ranar bugawa: 27.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 25.11.2019 a 22:33
