Amphibians ba mutane suke so ba. Shekaru da yawa, jita-jita suna ta yadawa game da haɗari har ma da tasirin lalacewa da toads akan mutane. Mutane da yawa sun tabbata cewa taɓawa ɗaya kawai ga wannan dabba na iya haifar da samuwar ƙyashi, wani lokacin kuma mutuwa. Koyaya, wannan tatsuniya ce kawai. Kuma gaskiyar magana tana da kyau - tukunyar ƙasa yana daya daga cikin mafi koshin lafiya amphibians a duniya.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Duniya Toad
Adashin ƙasa, saboda siffofinsa na waje, galibi ana kwatanta su da kwado. Koyaya, waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan amphibians guda biyu ne. Toad na dangin toads ne, tsari ne na rashin wutsiya. A yau wannan iyali yana da fiye da ɗari biyar iri. Koyaya, nau'ikan jinsin shida ne kawai za'a iya samu a Turai.
Ya kamata ku fahimci kanku da waɗannan nau'ikan a cikin daki-daki:
- Koren. Ana bambanta shi da launi mai launin toka-mai zaƙi mai haske. A baya, tare da ido mara kyau, zaku iya ganin ɗakunan koren duhu waɗanda aka yi wa ado da baƙin ratsi. Don kare kansu, toads ɗin koren manya sun ɓoye wani ruwa na musamman. Yana da guba kuma yana da matukar hatsari ga makiya. Irin waɗannan amphibians sun fi son motsawa a matakai, kusan basa tsalle.
- Talakawa. Mafi girman nau'in a cikin iyali. Jikin babban mutum yana da fadi, launin ruwan kasa ne, launin toka ko zaitun. Idanun suna da haske sosai - lemu.
- Caucasian. Babban amphibian. Tsawonsa zai iya kaiwa santimita goma sha uku. Launin fata yawanci haske ne mai launin ruwan kasa, launin toka mai duhu. Irin wannan toad yana zaune a cikin duwatsu, gandun daji da kogo.
- Gabas mai nisa. Halin halayyar wannan nau'in shine launuka masu launin fata masu fadi, kananan spines da ratsi mai tsawo a jikin sama. Dabbar tana rayuwa ne a cikin ciyawar dazuzzuka da dazuzzuka masu inuwa.
- Reed. Tsawon amphibian kusan santimita takwas. Za'a iya ganin stripe mai haske mai haske a baya. Launin fata na iya zama launin toka, zaitun, yashi.
- Mongoliyanci Wannan toad din yana da shimfidadden jiki, zagaye kai, idanuwa masu bulbulowa. Tsayinsa yawanci baya wuce santimita tara. Wani fasali na musamman shine kasancewar warts da yawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Amphibian duniya toad
Toads na ƙasa yana da fasali daban-daban. Gaba daya basu da hakora a sama na muƙamuƙin, gland na musamman "parotids" suna kusa da kunnuwan, kuma ƙafafun maza sanye suke da tarin fuka na musamman. Tare da taimakon wadannan tarin fuka, maza na iya nutsuwa su rike jikin mata yayin saduwa.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Glandan parotid suna da ayyuka da yawa. Na farko, suna ɓoye wani sirri na musamman mai shayarwa, kuma na biyu, suna aiki azaman makamin kariya. Wasu mutane suna amfani da su don samar da guba mai guba. Koyaya, yana da haɗari kawai ga abokan gaba na toads. A cikin mutane, wannan guba na iya haifar da ɗan jin zafi kawai.
Yawancin membobin gidan suna da ɗan madaidaiciyar jiki, babban kai, manyan idanu. Idanuwan an sanya su a kwance. Gaban gaba da na baya suna da yatsu. An haɗa su da membrane na musamman. Tana taimaka wa amphibians su rarraba ta cikin ruwa.
Bambanci mai mahimmanci tsakanin toad da kwado shine hanyar motsi. Kwaɗi sun yi tsalle kuma toads suna tafiya. Wannan saboda ƙananan ƙananan ƙafafun baya. Legsananan ƙafa suna sa dabba ta yi jinkiri, ba ta tsalle ba. Amma a wani bangaren kuma, dabi'a ta basu wata sifa mai amfani - ikon motsa harshensu cikin saurin walƙiya. Tare da shi, toads ke iya ɗaukar kwari cikin sauƙi.
Launin fata a cikin wakilai daban-daban ya bambanta daga yashi zuwa launin ruwan kasa mai duhu. Fata daga toad na ƙasa ya bushe, an ɗan kunna shi, an rufe shi da warts. Tsawon jikin zai iya kaiwa santimita talatin. Amma mafi yawan lokuta toads suna da girman girman - santimita 9-13. Ta hanyar nauyi, dabbar yawanci ba ta wuce kilogram daya.
A ina ne tukunyar ƙasa take rayuwa?
Hoto: roundasa a gonar
Wakilan wannan nau'in na amphibians sun bazu. Suna zaune kusan duk duniya. Iyakar abin da aka cire shine Antarctica. Dangane da kwanan nan, toads bai zauna a Ostiraliya ba. Koyaya, masana kimiyya sun kirkiro da yawan toads masu guba a wurin.
Gwanin ƙasa ya zama gama gari a Turai. Wakilai daban-daban na dangin suna zaune a Burtaniya, Baltic States, Ukraine, Belarus, Sweden. Irin waɗannan dabbobi ana samun su da yawa a kusan dukkanin yankuna na Rasha.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Mafi yawan toads na ƙasa yana zaune a Colombia, Ecuador. Tsawon su ya kai santimita ashirin da biyar. Koyaya, irin waɗannan dabbobin kaɗan ne suka rage. A yau suna gab da halaka.
Yawancin lokaci, amphibians suna zaɓar yankuna da ke da yanayi iri ɗaya don wurin zama. Wannan dokar da ba a faɗi ba ta shafi wakilan dangin dangi. Irin waɗannan amphibians suna zaune a yankuna daban-daban. Suna rayuwa ne a cikin hamada, dausayi, da dazuzzuka da filaye. Toads na ƙasa suna amfani da mafi yawan lokacin su a ƙasa. A cikin ruwa, sun kawai fantsama. Toads yana jure zafi, sanyi, da kowane irin yanayin yanayi da kyau. Iyakar abin da aka keɓance sune ƙananan yanayin zafi, saboda haka ba za a same su a Antarctica ba.
Me daɗin baƙin ƙasa yake ci?
Photo: Duniya Toad
Sannu a hankali da kuma rikitarwa da toads na ƙasa suke yi yana ɓatarwa. Mutane da yawa suna ɗaukar su a matsayin masu karɓar kuɗi. Koyaya, ba haka bane. Waɗannan 'yan amshiran suna da kyakkyawar mafarauta! Wajen samun abinci, abubuwa biyu ne ke taimaka musu: iyawar fitar da harshe da saurin haɗama. Ciyawar, ba tare da yin toho ba, na iya ɗaukar ƙwarin da ke shawagi cikin sauƙi. Kuraye ba su san yadda ake farauta haka ba.
Babban abincin su ya haɗa da:
- daban-daban butterflies;
- dodunan kodi;
- tsutsar ciki;
- kwari, 'ya'yansu - larvae;
- kifi soya.
Manya manya ma suna cin abinci akan ƙananan beraye, kwadi da kadangaru. Koyaya, kamawa da cin irin wannan ganimar ba ta da sauƙi. Wakilan dangi galibi suna zuwa farauta da yamma. Suna iya yin farauta tsawon daren, suna jiran kwanton abincinsu.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Toads na ƙasa yana kawo fa'idodi ga ɗan adam. Ana iya kiransu cikin aminci umarnin oda. A wata rana, babban mutum yana taimakawa wajen kawar da gram takwas na kwari. Wannan yana rage yawan lalacewar amfanin gona.
'Yan toads suna neman abinci ne kawai a lokacin dumi, su kaɗai. A cikin rukuni-rukuni, amphibians suna tattara kawai lokacin lokacin kiwo. A cikin hunturu, suna hibernate. Saboda wannan, dabbar ta sami wuri mafi dacewa don kanta. Mafi yawanci wannan wurin ana yin watsi da burbushin bera, tushen itace.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Duniya toad a yanayi
Yanayin toads na ƙasa yana da nutsuwa sosai. Suna yin rana suna jujjuya rana, da yamma kuma sun fara neman abinci don abinci. Jiki mai nauyin jiki, gajerun kafafu suna sanya waɗannan amphibians jinkirin. Suna motsi kaɗan, kuma da ƙyar zaka iya ganin ɗawainiyar tsalle.
Wakilan dangi suna tsoratar da abokan hamayyarsu ta girman jikinsu. Idan haɗari ya taso, toad yana ta baya. Wannan dabarar ta sa ta zama ta gani. Idan dabarar ba ta taimaka tsoratar da abokin hamayyar ba, to amphibian na iya yin tsalle daya babba.
Bidiyo: adasa Na .asa
Adsananan toads suna ciyar da ranar su ba kawai kusa da jikkunan ruwa ba. Suna da fatar fata da keratin kadan, don haka basa buƙatar kasancewa kusa da ruwa koyaushe. Kwayoyin parotid suna fitar da danshi da ake bukata don fata. Wannan ya isa sosai. A rana, dabba na iya zama cikin daji cikin aminci, a cikin lambu. Kusa da ruwan, toads suna motsawa yayin lokacin saduwa.
Yayin binciken abokan tarayya, kiwo, waɗannan dabbobin suna yin sauti na musamman. Yana yawan kama da kayan kwalliya. A wasu lokuta ba safai ake jinsu ba. Sai kawai lokacin da firgita zai iya fitar da amo mai tsawa. Dukan lokacin aikin toads na ƙasa yana faruwa ne kawai a lokacin dumi. Da farkon yanayin sanyi, dabbobi suna fadawa cikin rayayyen motsi.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Duniya Toad
Lokacin saduwa a cikin toads na ƙasa ya fara da dumi na farko - a bazara. A cikin yankuna masu zafi, wannan lokacin yana faruwa yayin lokacin ruwan sama mai yawa. A lokacin lokacin saduwa, ana tara waɗannan amphibians ɗin rukuni-rukuni kuma kusa da gaɓar ruwa, koguna, gulbi. Ruwa yana da mahimmancin dabaru don kiwo. Sai kawai a cikin ruwa iya toka spawn. A wuraren tafki, maza sun fara bayyana, sannan mata. Mata na shiga ruwa suna fara haihuwa. Mazaje suna hawa duwawunsu suna takin waɗannan ƙwai. Bayan hadi, toads suna barin tafkin.
A cikin ruwa, zuriyar nan gaba daga ƙwai suna juyawa zuwa ƙananan tadpoles. Za su zauna cikin ruwa na kimanin watanni biyu. A wannan lokacin, tadpoles suna ciyarwa ne kawai akan algae da ƙananan shuke-shuke. Bayan wannan, tadpoles sun juya zuwa cikakkun toads. Daga nan ne kawai za su iya zuwa ƙasa. Yawan ci gaban ƙwai ya dogara da dalilai da yawa: nau'in ƙwanƙwasa, yawan zafin jiki na mahalli, ruwa. Yawanci wannan lokacin yakan kasance daga kwana biyar zuwa sittin.
Wasu nau'in toad ba sa barin ƙwai bayan haɗuwa. Suna dauke da shi a bayansu har sai tsutsar ta bayyana. Hakanan akwai mutane masu himma. Koyaya, kaɗan ne daga cikinsu suka rage kuma suna zaune ne kawai a Afirka. A wani lokaci, irin wannan amphibian na iya haihuwar yara fiye da ashirin da biyar.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa: Akwai nau'ikan toads na ƙasa da yawa, wanda a cikin su namiji yake kula da ma'aikacin. Yana kunna kaset a kan yatsunsa kuma yana jiran zuriya ta fito daga garesu.
Abokan gaba na toads na ƙasa
Photo: Duniya toad a Rasha
Toashin ƙasa ba shi da kariya daga dabbobi da yawa, mutane. Makiya sun kewaye ta daga kowane bangare. Storks, heron, da ibisi suna farautar sa daga sama. Da dabara suka kama amphibians daidai lokacin tashi. A ƙasa, suna cikin haɗari daga fox, minks, boars daji, otters, raccoons. Kuma mafi munin makiya macizai ne. Babu kubuta daga garesu.
Toads kawai kariya daga abokan gaba shine ruwa mai guba akan fatarsu. Koyaya, ba duk membobin gidan ke iya inganta ta ba. Sauran toads kawai zasu iya ɓoye kansu cikin kore. Wannan dabba da ba ta da kariya ta sami tsira daga halaka ne kawai saboda yawan haihuwa.
Hakanan, manya da yawa, tadpoles, suna mutuwa a hannun mutane. Wani ya kashe su don nishaɗin da suke yi, wasu suna ƙoƙarin ba su gida. Zai yiwu a kiyaye irin waɗannan 'yan amshi a gida, amma ba kowa ke cin nasara ba. Abun ciki mara daidai yakan haifar da mutuwa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Duniya toad a kan dutse
Adashin ƙasa dabba ce mai yaɗuwa. Yawan su gaba daya ba wani abin damuwa bane. Wadannan dabbobin suna da wadatar zuriya, sabili da haka suna saurin sabunta lambobin su. Koyaya, wasu nau'ikan toads na ƙasa suna cikin haɗari mai girma - gab da halaka. Wadannan sun hada da toed read, viviparous toad da Kihansi.
Kariyar toads na ƙasa
Hotuna: Toads daga littafin Red
Kamar yadda muka riga muka gani, wasu nau'in dangin toad suna kan hanyar bacewa. Don haka, an jera toads masu rai a cikin Red Book of Africa. Kadan ne daga cikinsu suka rage, don haka jihar ta tsunduma cikin kariyar irin wadannan masanan. Yana dawo da mahalli na asali don mazaunin su, kuɗaɗen ayyukan kimiyya don cikakken binciken nau'ikan.
Yarjejeniyar reed ana kiyaye ta Yarjejeniyar Berne. An tsara jinsin su a cikin Littattafan Bayanai na Red na Estonia, Lithuania, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine. Babban abin bakin ciki shine mutane sune musabbabin bacewar wadannan dabbobi. Mutane suna lalata mazaunin ƙasa na toads na ƙasa. Musamman, yanzu ana iya samun Kihansi ne kawai a cikin gidan zoo, saboda wannan nau'in ya fara mutuwa bayan gina madatsar ruwa a kan kogi, inda waɗannan masu shan ruwan ke rayuwa.
Duniya toad - ba mai kyau ba, amma dabba mai amfani. Hakan yana taimaka wajan kawar da filaye da lambuna na kwari masu cutarwa. Ana wakiltar wakilan wannan dangi da yawa a nahiyoyi daban-daban, ban da Antarctica.
Ranar bugawa: 23.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 14.08.2019 a 11:38
