Ga waɗanda suke kaunar aladun alade kuma suke kiyaye ko kiyaye irin wannan kyakkyawar dabbar a gidansu, capybarababu shakka zai so shi sosai, saboda waɗannan dabbobin suna kama da kamanni sosai, na ƙarshen kawai ya ninka sau goma kuma ya fi kyau. Yana da wuya ayi imani da cewa dabba mai irin wannan girman nauyin itace mai laushi kuma ba mai sauki ba, amma mafi girma a duk duniya. Abun birgewa mai ban mamaki da ban mamaki shine uwar gidan ruwa, ba tare da wannan dabbar ba kawai zata iya tunanin wanzuwarsa.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Capybara
Idan muka koma kan tsoffin tarihin, zamu iya cewa asalin halittar capybaras yana da tushen da zai dawo shekaru aru aru, har ma na shekaru dubu. Akwai bayanin cewa kimanin shekaru miliyan uku da suka gabata, wata katuwar bera ta rayu a yankin Kudancin Amurka, wanda nauyinsa ya kai tan. Wannan titan yana da dangi da karami, masu nauyin kilogram dari.
A waccan lokacin, Kudancin Amurka yana keɓe daga Arewacin Amurka, kuma dabbobin manyan masarufi suna samun nutsuwa. Da zuwan Isthmus na Panama (sakamakon kowane irin bala'i), dabbobi masu zafin rai sun fara yin ƙaura daga yankin Arewacin Amurka zuwa kudanci, suna zaluntar manyan rodauraye, waɗanda sannu a hankali suka ɓace. Abin farin ciki, dangi har yanzu yana iya daidaitawa da rayuwa, ya kasance kuma ya kasance capybara, wanda ke da wahalar gasa tare da manyan shuke-shuke.
Kalmar "capybara" daga yaren ƙabilar Guarani ta Indiya ana iya fassara ta da "ma'abocin ganye" ko "mai cin siririyar ciyawa." Aborigines na gida sun ba shi wasu sunaye kamar haka:
- poncho;
- capigua;
- caprincho;
- chiguire.
Idan muka yi magana game da zamani, kimiyya, sunan hukuma na wannan dabba, to yana jin kamar "alade na ruwa". Don haka, capybara (capybara) dabbobi masu shayarwa ne waɗanda ke jagorancin salon rayuwar ruwa, wakilin wakilin dangin capybara. Masana kimiyya sun danganta capybara ga berayen beraye. Sakamakon karatun boko iri-iri, sai ya zama na duk dabbobin da suke rayuwa a wannan zamanin, capybara tana da kusancin dangi mafi kusa da alade dutsen (moco). Koyaya, na karshen kwata-kwata basu da sha'anin ruwa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dabba capybara
Natsuwa da kwanciyar hankali bayyanar capybaras yana haifar da jin daɗin tunanin su na har abada. Irin wannan bayanin mai ban sha'awa akan fuskar capybara yana kawo murmushi. Shugaban waɗannan beraye yana da girma ƙwarai, bakin bakin bakin bakin ciki ne, har ma da murabba'i ɗaya. Kunnuwa kanana ne, masu zagaye, idanuwa kuma kanana ne, hancin fadadden hancinsa yayi kama da faci.
Daya daga cikin siffofin wannan sandar shine girmanta da nauyi. Nauyin maza ya bambanta daga kilogiram 54 zuwa 63, kuma matan sun fi girma - daga 62 zuwa 74 kg. Hakanan akwai karin samfura masu nauyi (daga kilogiram 90), amma wannan rakantaka ce. Capybaras yayi girma a tsayi daga rabin mita zuwa 62 cm, a tsayi - fiye da mita.
Bidiyo: Capybara
Capybara tana da hakora 20, mafi burgewa da firgita sune haɗe-haɗe, wanda ke da lemu mai ɗanɗano. Ana iya ganin su a cikin bakin kamar manyan wuƙaƙe. Sauran hakora (kunci) suna ci gaba da girma cikin rayuwa kuma basu da tushe. Tubarin tarin fuka da yawa a kan harshen dabbar suna sanya shi kauri.
Gashi na alade na ruwa mara kyau ne kuma mara kyau, gashin gashi ya girma daga 3 zuwa 12 cm a tsayi. Capybara ba ta da sutura kwata-kwata, sakamakon haka hasken rana na iya ƙona fatarta a sauƙaƙe, don haka sau da yawa ana shafa mata laka, kamar katanga ta rana.
Launin Capybara na iya zama:
- kirjin kirji;
- launin ruwan kasa;
- duhu cakulan.
Cikin ciki koyaushe yana da launi mai sauƙi, tare da ɗan raunin rawaya. Wasu mutane suna da duhu (kusan baƙaƙe) a kan bakinsu. Launin matasa yana da haske sosai.
Bayyanar capybara tana haɗuwa ba kawai tare da alade na guinea ba, har ila yau, yana kama da tukunyar ƙwanƙarar tukunya mai ƙafafu huɗu. Yana da yatsun kafa huɗu masu tsayi tare da septa mai ƙafafu a ƙafafunsa na gaba, uku kuma a ƙafafun bayanta. Theusoshin capybara suna da kauri da annuri, kamar kofato. Legsafafun baya suna da ɗan tsayi kaɗan, don haka wani lokacin sai a ga kamar dabba yana zaune. A croup ɗin mai ƙarfi na capybara, wutsiyar ba a ganinta kwata-kwata. Tabbas yana nan, amma a wani wuri a cikin zurfin ruhu.
Ina capybara take?
Hotuna: Dabbar Capybara
Capybara tana da mazauni na dindindin a Tsakiya da Kudancin Amurka. Ta fi son yanayi mai tsananin zafi. Yana rayuwa a kasashe irin su Argentina, Brazil, Colombia, Venezuela. Ana iya samun sa a cikin Peru, Bolivia, Paraguay, Panama, Uruguay, Guyana. Gabaɗaya, wannan dabba mai kyakkyawar ɗabi'a ta zauna a ko'ina cikin yankin Kudancin Amurka.
Daya daga cikin mahimmancin yanayin rayuwa ga wannan entan sandar girman shine kusancin jikin ruwa. Alade na ruwa yana da daɗin kogi da raƙuman ruwa mai dausayi, yana son zama kusa da tabkuna da tafkuna inda hyacinth da ganye ke girma.
Tana kiwo a cikin makiyaya, tana cin ciyawar Guinea, kuma ana samunta a ƙasashen noma. Capybara tana zaune ne a dazukan Chaco, savannas, waɗanda ambaliyar ruwa ta cika su. Hakanan yana yiwuwa a ga alade na ruwa a yankin dutse (kusan 1300 m), kusa da gandun daji na mangrove.
Capybara galibi baya matsawa sama da kilomita daga tafki, saboda bawai kawai heran asalin ƙasar bane kuma mafi soyuwa a gareta, amma kuma mafaka ne daga manyan masu lalata ƙasar. Capybara ba ta ba da kogon kogo ko rami ko rami ko rami ko rami ko rami ko rami, yana rayuwa yana hutawa kai tsaye a ƙasa.
Menene capybara take ci?
Hotuna: Capybara capybara
Ba don komai ba ne Indiyawa suka kira aladun ruwa iyayen gida na ciyawa, saboda sun fi ciyar da ita. Suna cin tsire-tsire masu rayuwa a cikin ruwa da kuma a kan ƙasa. Lokacin da lokacin damina ya ƙare, capybaras suna cin abinci a ƙasa. Suna cin capybaras da busasshiyar ciyawa, ciyawa. Ba sa raini, duka bawon bishiyoyi da 'ya'yan itatuwa daban-daban, suna kuma cin tubers na tsire-tsire daban-daban.
Capybaras suna kaunar kowane irin kankana da gourds, don neman abin da suke zuwa gonakin da aka noma. Ana iya ganin su a kan turmi da ƙasar da aka noma, amma waɗannan dabbobin da suke zaman lafiya ba sa kawo ɓarnar da yawa. Duk da haka, sun fi son algae da ciyawa. A lokacin rani, capybaras suna gasa tare da shanu don makiyaya.
Wani abin ban sha'awa shi ne cewa aladu na ruwa masu kwayar halitta ne, watau suna cin kawunansu. Yanayi ya tsara shi don dalili, yana taimakawa capybaras cikin narkewa.
Gaskiyar ita ce, yawancin zaren da ke cikin ciyawar ba waɗannan dabbobi za su narkar da su ba. Saboda wannan, capybara yana da ɗaki na musamman wanda ke cikin cecum, wanda abinci yake cikin shi.
Dukkanin kayan ƙanshi ba dabbobi ne ke narkar da su gaba ɗaya ba, amma suna barin jiki tare da najji, waɗanda capybaras ke ci sannan suna sake cika buƙatun jiki ga duk enzymes da ake buƙata. Waɗanda suka riƙe alade a gida na iya maimaita wannan aikin sau da yawa; a cikin capybaras yawanci yakan auku ne da safe.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Rodent capybara
Capybaras kawai baya iya tunanin rayuwarsu ba tare da ruwa ba. A cikin ruwa, suna ci, suna sha, suna shakatawa, suna yin wanka da laka, suna yin sanyi, suna kubuta daga haɗari. Hanyar rayuwa ga waɗannan dabbobi na gama gari ne. Suna zaune a cikin dukkanin iyalai na mambobi 10 zuwa 20. Yanayin rayuwarsu yayi kama da na mata, wanda a ciki akwai babban sarki a cikin maza, da ƙwaraƙwarai mata da yawa da sasan. Hakanan akwai wakilai masu ƙarfi a cikin matan, amma ba sa saɓa wa shugabansu, suna yi masa biyayya gaba ɗaya. Idan shugaba ya hango abokin takara a cikin wani, zai kore shi daga gidan, saboda haka dole ne wasu mazan su zauna su kadai.
Dukansu mata da maza suna da ƙwayoyin cuta na musamman waɗanda ke fitar da ƙamshi na musamman, kowane ɗayansa na musamman ne. Ga maza, yana maganar matsayinsu a cikin iyali. Maza ma suna da ƙanshin ƙanshi a kawunansu, suna amfani da su don yin alama ga yankunansu. Wasu lokuta kayan harem guda daya suna iya fadada fiye da hekta 200, amma yawanci sukan mamaye daga hekta 1 zuwa 10. A lokacin damina, capybaras suna watsewa a kan manyan yankuna, kuma a lokacin bushe sukan taru a yankin bakin ruwa. Wani lokaci zaka iya ganin manyan katakai fiye da dari a kewayen tabki ko kogi, wasu daga cikinsu sun yi tafiyar daruruwan kilomita neman ruwa.
Kodayake capybaras dabbobi ne masu nutsuwa da nutsuwa, ana yin faɗa da faɗa tsakanin maza. Laifin shine matsayi da matsayi a cikin ƙungiyar, wanda maza ke yaƙi da shi. Abin sha'awa, fada a cikin iyali daya bai taba haifar da mutuwar ɗayan maza ba. Idan fada ya faru tsakanin maza daga kungiyoyi daban-daban, to irin wannan mummunan sakamakon yakan faru. Capybaras ya zama mai aiki sosai a ƙarshen yamma da yamma. Da sanyin safiya, sun fi son shakatawa da ruwa. A cikin tsananin zafi, capybaras suna hawa cikin ruwa mara zurfi, suna son yin tinker a cikin slurry. Wadannan dabbobin ba sa tanadin wuraren zama, suna kwana a ƙasa. Capybaras yana da matukar damuwa da ɗan gajeren lokaci; galibi sukan farka da dare don su sami abun ciye-ciye.
Capybaras suna da baiwa da yawa: suna iyo suna yin ruwa sosai, duk da kyawawan siffofinsu, karka manta da membobinsu tsakanin yatsun kafa. Bugu da kari, aladu na ruwa na iya yin tsalle, suna gujewa daga masu fatan rashin lafiya a cikin manyan tsalle. Kuma yawan sautin da suke yi yana da ban mamaki.
Capybaras sun bushe da dariya, bushewa, haushi, fitar da danna, kaɗawa, cizon haƙora. Kowane ihu yana da alamar kansa, wanda yake da ban sha'awa da ban mamaki. Idan dabbobi suna jin haɗari, sai su sanar da wasu ta haushi. Capybaras suna ihu yayin da suke cikin damuwa sosai ko kuma suna jin zafi. A cikin zance da juna, suna nishaɗi, kuma yayin faɗa, maza na iya jin cizon haƙora.
Idan mukayi magana game da hali, to capybaras suna da halayyar phlegmatic, wani ma yana iya cewa sun ɗan rago ne. Waɗannan dabbobin suna da abokantaka sosai, suna yin ma'amala da mutane ba tare da matsala ba, musamman idan an yi musu magani da wani abu. Hakanan abu ne mai sauƙin sarrafa capybara, yana iya zama aboki mai aminci da ƙaunatacce, wanda bai fi kare muni ba. Ko da a cikin circus, capybaras suna yin nasara tare da nasara, saboda daidai trainable. Halin waɗannan manyan katako yana da yanayi mai kyau da tawali'u, kwata-kwata bashi da matsala. A yanayi, capybaras suna rayuwa daga shekaru 6 zuwa 10, kuma a cikin fursuna - daga 10 zuwa 12.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Dabba capybara
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, capybaras garken dabbobi ne, dabbobin gama gari, ba sa son kaɗaici kuma suna rayuwa a cikin manyan iyalai tare da matsayi mai kyau. Babu takamaiman lokacin saduwa don capybaras; suna haifuwa duk shekara, amma suna aiki musamman da zuwan lokacin damina. Cavaliers suna jan hankalin mata ta hanyar sanya alamun su masu ƙanshi a tsire-tsire na kusa. Maza sukan takin mata yawanci kai tsaye a cikin ruwa. Capybaras dabbobi ne masu aure fiye da daya; mace daya na iya samun abokan zama da yawa a cikin wani lokaci.
Auke da cubasa yana ɗaukar kimanin kwanaki 150. Yawancin lokaci, haihuwa na faruwa sau ɗaya a shekara, wani lokacin wannan aikin na iya faruwa sau biyu a shekara.
Pigananan aladu an haife su dama a ƙasa, mahaifiya ba ta yin gida. Yawancin lokaci ana samun daga guda 2 zuwa 8. Kubiyoyi daidai suke da na manya: an lullubesu da gashi (dan kadan ya fi na wadanda suka balaga), masu gani da hakora, karami ne kawai, suna da nauyin kilogram daya da rabi kowannensu.
Mahaifiyar capybara tana ciyar da zuriyarta da madara na kimanin watanni uku zuwa hudu, kodayake sun san yadda ake tauna ciyawa kusan nan da nan bayan haihuwa. Duk matan da ke cikin garken suna kulawa da 'ya'yan. Capybaras sun balaga kuma suna iya haifuwa da watanni 18, to nauyi ya kai 30 ko 40 kg.
Abokan gaba na capybara
Hotuna: Capybara
Duk da girman, capybaras suna da makiya da yawa. Daga cikin waɗanda ke yin barazana ga capybara akwai:
- jaguar;
- ocelot;
- kadarori;
- alligators;
- caiman;
- anaconda;
- kare kare.
Kananan yara sukan fi yawan afkawa karnukan daji da kuma masu cin gashin kansu daga dangin ungulu. Daga masu fata marasa kyau da ke kawo hari a kan ƙasa, capybaras suna gudu a cikin manyan tsalle zuwa cikin ruwa, inda suke ɓoye a ƙarƙashin ruwa, suna barin hanci ɗaya ne kawai a saman don numfashi. Don haka suna zama da juna sosai (ƙananan dabbobi galibi suna tsakiya, kuma manya suna gefen) har sai haɗarin ya wuce. Bugu da kari, dabbobi suna da ingantacciyar hanyar sadarwa, kamar yadda aka ambata a baya. Idan capybara ta hango wata barazanar dake gabatowa, to tabbas za ta gargadi duk dangin ta game da wannan ta hanyar yin kara.
Hakanan mutane suna lalata capybaras ta hanyar cin naman su, wanda yake ɗanɗano kamar naman alade. Ana yin Haberdashery da fata na capybara, kuma ana yin kowane irin kayan adon daga manyan wuraren ciki. Akwai ma irin wannan abin ban dariya da wauta lokacin da karnoni uku da suka gabata firistocin Katolika suka amince da wannan ɗan sanda kamar kifi kuma suka ba shi izinin cin naman dabbar dabbar a lokacin azumi. Yau a cikin Latin Amurka akwai cikakkun gonaki don kiyon capybaras. Ana amfani da naman su da kitsen subcutaneous a cikin magunguna don samar da magunguna. Fatimar kitsen capybara yana kama da na badger.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Capybara albino
A wannan zamanin namu, yawan mutanen capybaras ba sa fuskantar barazanar, waɗannan beraye masu ban sha'awa ba sa cikin kariya ta musamman. Adadin capybaras yana da karko, ba a lura da tsalle-tsalle a cikin hanyar ragewa. Hatta ayyukan mutane ba sa tsoma baki musamman da waɗannan dabbobi. Agricasar noma da tsarin makiyaya don ciyawar dabbobi, akasin haka, suna da fa'ida. Suna samo abinci da ruwa akan su lokacin rani. Akwai tunanin cewa yawan dabbobi a cikin irin wadannan yankuna masu noma mai kyau sun fi na jeji.
Koyaya, capybara koyaushe bata da irin wannan kwanciyar hankali. Akwai lokutan da a cikin Colombia, capybaras aka lalata su da yawa, kuma tun daga 1980, gwamnati ta hana farautar waɗannan dabbobin. Saboda dadi nama, mutanen Venezuela sun shanye katako mai yawa, sai a 1953 gwamnati ta fara sarrafa kame manyan beraye, kodayake wannan bai kawo wata nasara ba, mutane sun ci gaba da farauta ba da tausayi ba. A shekarar 1968, masana kimiyyar dabbobi sun kirkiro da wani tsari na yin nazari kan halaye irin na wadannan dabbobi da kuma kiyaye su. Duk waɗannan hanyoyin sun kawo yawan jama'a zuwa ga kwanciyar hankali.
A halin yanzu, capybaras suna cikin jerin IUCN a matsayin dabbobi waɗanda ba sa fuskantar barazanar halaka daga fuskar duniya.
Capybara Shine kawai rodent da irin wannan girman girman. Duk da girmansa, wannan dabba tana da tawali'u, mai kyakkyawar dabi'a, mai son jama'a. Capybaras, wanda mutum ya horar dashi, ya zama abokansa na ainihi da aminci. Idan aka kalli wadannan dabbobin, ba zai yuwu ba a yi murmushi, saboda yanayin yadda suke rikitarwa da ban dariya yana faranta muku rai.
Ranar bugawa: 18.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 16.09.2019 a 0:19
