Redananan jan panda - ainihin mu'ujiza na yanayi. Tana da kyau da kyau cewa bazai yiwu ba ka kawar da idanunka daga wannan dabba. Wannan fara'a shine mai farauta, kodayake yawanci yana da ciyawar dabbobi. Godiya ga kwalliyar gashinta mai haske, yanayin halaye da kyan gani, ana iya kiranta da haƙƙi, da zarar ka gan ta, ba za ka iya zama maras ma'ana ba.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: redananan jan panda
Sinawa sun san game da wanzuwar wannan dabba a cikin karni na 13 mai nisa kuma suka kira ta da kona Fox. A cikin Turai, sun haɗu da ƙaramar panda ne kawai a cikin karni na 19. Babban Baturen Ingila kuma masanin halitta Thomas Hardwicke ya gano wannan nau'in mai ban mamaki, amma kafin ya samu lokacin rubuta wannan gaskiyar, sai Bafaranshe Cuvier ya riske shi, wanda ya ba wa wannan dabbar suna Ailurus fulgens, wanda ake fassara daga Latin a matsayin "kyanwa mai haske".
Hardwicke bai ji daɗi sosai ba, amma kamar yadda ake faɗa, "Duk wanda ya yi shi ya ci." Saboda haka, Bafaranshe ya zama mai gano dabba, kodayake wannan ba shi da kyau sosai. Akwai wasu sunaye don wannan mai ban sha'awa mai ban sha'awa; ana kuma kiransa kyanwa. Sunan Panda ya kasance tare da shi, saboda mutanen Nepalese, waɗanda suka kira shi "punya".
Bidiyo: Redananan Red Panda
Ta hanyar yin kowane irin nazari, masana binciken burbushin halittu sun gano cewa andan ƙaramin kuma manya-manyan pandas suna da nasaba da dangi sosai. Har ma zaka iya cewa sun hadu ne kawai da suna. Masana kimiyya sunyi imanin cewa kakaninsu daya ya rayu a Duniya miliyoyin shekaru da suka gabata kuma mazaunin Eurasia ne, kuma an samo burbushin ɗan ƙaramar dabbar a cikin yankuna da dama da suka faro daga gabashin China zuwa tsibirin Birtaniyya. Masana kimiyya sun daɗe suna shakkar wace iyali za ta haɗa da ƙaramar jan fanda.
Sun yi ƙoƙari su danganta panda:
- a daure;
- zuwa raccoons;
- bar matsayin dangi daban.
Dabi’un da bayyanar wannan dabbar sun haifar da sabani da sabani. A gefe guda, jan Panda yana motsawa kamar beyar, yana ɗan juyawa kaɗan. Ita, kamar ƙwallon ƙafa, tana zaune a ƙafafunta na baya, kuma tana da kyakkyawar umarnin ƙafafun gaba. A gefe guda kuma, bayyanar wannan dabbar tana da kamanceceniya da taguwar raccoon. Suna da kasusuwa irin wannan a kwanyar su, da muƙamuƙi da wutsiya, kodayake gwajin DNA yana nuna alaƙa da beyar.
Don haka, bayan duk nazarin halittu, an yanke shawarar sanya karamin panda a cikin dangi daban, ware daga raccoons, kodayake yawancin masanan dabbobi sun nace cewa jan fanda na musamman ne na dodo. Jan Panda mai launin ja yana daga dabbobi masu cin nama daga dangin Panda, yankin shine psiform.
Akwai kananan pandas iri biyu:
- Andaaramin Panda Stayana, wanda ke zaune a arewacin Myanmar da kudancin China;
- andaananan panda, da ke zaune a Himalayas (Nepal da Bhutan).
Wadannan rabe-raben guda biyu sun dan bambanta da launi da girmansu (na farko ya dan fi duhu kuma ya fi girma), kodayake wannan bambancin a launi ba za a iya kiransa da muhimmanci ba, saboda a tsakanin kananan kabilu iri daya, launin kananan pandas na iya bambanta kadan.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: redaramar jan dabbar panda
Fitowar 'yar jan Panda mai kayatarwa ce wacce take son yaba shi sau da kafa. Girmanta yayi daidai da na kyanwar manul sosai. Paramar panda tana da nauyi daga kilo 4 zuwa 6, tsayin jiki ya bambanta daga rabin mita zuwa 64 cm, ba tare da ƙidaya jelar kwazazzabo ba, wanda kusan ya yi daidai da girman jiki kuma ya kai rabin mita. Yana da wuya a gaya wa wanda ke gabanka: mace ko namiji, sun zama iri ɗaya. Jikin karamin panda yana da dan tsawo, kamar na gidan weasel.
Kan yana da girma, mai faɗi tare da dusa da bakin hanci. Kunnuwan Panda suna kama da na cat. Idanun Fanda ƙanana ne kuma baƙi. An kawata jelar mai wadata da launuka masu juzu'i na sautin mai haske, wutsiyar wutsiyar baƙar fata ce.
Paafafun "fox ɗin wuta" na wadatattu, gajeru, masu ƙarfi tare da kaifi da ƙusoshin ƙugiya waɗanda ke taimakawa wajan cin kowane itace. Baseasan ƙafafun suna da ulu, wanda ya dace sosai lokacin da ake tafiya a kan dusar ƙanƙara da kankara. Baya ga yatsu biyar da aka saba gani, na shida yana kan ɗan yatsan da ya fi girma, yana taimakawa riƙe rassan bamboo.
Kuna iya kishin jan fanda mai jan gashi da launinsa, abin birgewa ne wanda ba za ku iya kawar da idanunku ba! Suturar dabbar tana da taushi sosai, siliki, mai kauri kuma ya fi tsayi, saboda haka adadin yana da kyau. Launin dabbobi baƙon abu ne sosai: baya yana da launi ko dai cakulan-ja ko ja mai zafi. Cikin yana ruwan kasa da jijiyoyin jan jini ko kuma baki daya. Tipsashin gashin kan baya rawaya ne, ƙafafun Panda suna da laushi, baƙi, suna walƙiya da walƙiya.
Muzzle da kunnuwa sun fita daban a kan jan kan, godiya ga farin launi. Kusa da idanun akwai wani abu kamar abin rufe fuska, kamar raccoon. Kasan hancin panda baƙi ne. Wutsiyar ƙaramar panda ma ja ce tare da zoben dozin launuka masu haske.
Zai zama alama, me yasa dabbar ke buƙatar irin wannan launi mai haske da ɗauke ido? Amsar mai sauki ce - duk game da yankin da dabbar take. Babban ɓangare na lokacin, jan Panda yana cikin bishiyoyi, waɗanda aka lullubesu da kowane irin lasisin ruwa da mosses na launin ja, don haka a cikin irin wannan yanayin launukan panda ba da alama na tsokana, amma, akasin haka, yana taimaka mata ta ɓoye kanta da kyau.
A ina jar panda ja take?
Hoto: redananan jan panda a cikin dusar ƙanƙara
Mahalli na ƙaramar panda tana da iyaka kuma ba ta da yawa. Suna zaune a cikin lardunan China kamar Yunnan da Sichuan, Myanmar, Bhutan da Nepal, kuma suna zaune a arewa maso gabashin Indiya. Homelandasar ƙaramar panda ita ce kudu maso gabashin Himalayas, inda dabbobi ke cin tuddan da ya kai kilomita 4.
Mazaunin kakannin panda ya fi fadi; an sami tsoffin abubuwa a gabashin Turai da Arewacin Amurka.
Masana kimiyya sunyi tunanin cewa yankin ƙayyadaddun ƙananan pandas ya ragu saboda canje-canje a yanayin canjin yanayin da dabbobi suka sani. An san su da son matsakaita yanayin zafi - daga digiri 10 zuwa 25 sama da sifili.
Redananan Red Panda yana jin daɗin cikewar daɗaɗɗen daji da gauraye. Fisho, itacen oak, kirji da maples bishiyoyi ne na yau da kullun waɗanda ke girma a cikin mazaunin dabba. Tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire suna kare ƙaramin bene, wanda ya ƙunshi harbe-harben bamboo, wanda jan panda yake so ƙwarai da gaske. Danshi a cikin irin wadannan dazuzzuka yana da ƙarfi sosai, saboda haka lichens da mosses suna jin daɗi, suna rufe bishiyoyi da ƙasa mai duwatsu.
A cikin irin wadannan dazuzzuka, Panda tana da kamanni iri iri, saboda wadannan gansakuka suna da jan launi wanda zai dace da gashinta. Wuraren da ke cikin bishiyoyi suna zama mafaka da gida don pandas. Yanayin adadin dabbobi ƙanana ne. A wani yanki na 2.4 sq. km zaka iya samun mutum ɗaya daga cikin jan panda, wani lokacin ma mafi munin - dabba ɗaya a kowace sq 11. km
Menene jan panda yake ci?
Photo: redaramar jan dabbar panda
Mutane da yawa suna mamakin dalilin da yasa ake ɗaukar jan fandare a matsayin mai farauta idan, a mafi yawancin, yana cin abincin tsire? Amsar tana kan ƙasa. Ana la'akari da maƙaryata kamar wannan ba kawai saboda abincin su ba, amma saboda duk abubuwan da suka dace da su don ganima da ciyar da abincin dabbobi. Wadannan sun hada da: kasancewar hakora 38, gajeriyar hanji, ciki mai sauki. Irin wannan tsarin narkewar abincin yana tattare da dabbobi masu cin nama, gami da jan Panda.
Mafi yawan abincin dabba ya kunshi ganyen gora da kananan harbe-harbe, kashi biyar cikin dari na dukkanin ka'idojin na kowane irin 'ya'yan itace ne, kayan lambu,' ya'yan itace, 'ya'yan tsuntsaye da kananan beraye. A mafi akasarin, Panda tana samun halaye na farauta kusa da hunturu, lokacin da ta koma abincin dabbobi, tana kama ƙananan beraye da neman kwari.
A lokacin dumi, gora itace abincin da aka fi so. Abubuwan da ke cikin kalori masu ƙarancin an rufe su a cikin babban juzu'i, wanda ya kai kilogiram 4 kowace rana - waɗannan harbe-harbe ne kawai, yana da daraja a ƙara musu rabin kilogram na ganye.
Don haka, babban menu na ƙaramin panda ya haɗa da:
- bamboo harbe da ganye;
- ƙananan ciyawa da lichens;
- kowane irin 'ya'yan itace da asalinsu;
- acorns da 'ya'yan itace;
- namomin kaza.
Larsunƙun ƙananan panda suna da ƙananan tubercles, waɗanda ke taimakawa jimre harbe-harben tsire-tsire masu wuya, da nika su da kyau. Ya zama abin sha'awa sosai cewa 'yan pandas da yawa ba sa cin nama kwata-kwata, suna ƙin shi ba tare da izini ba. Ko kaji masu rai kawai mahaukaci ne ke kashe su (kuma ma ba koyaushe bane), amma ba'a cin su. Yana iya zama da ban dariya cewa jar panda da aka kama tana son mai daɗin shinkafa mai daɗin dahuwa a madara.
Lokacin da dabbobi basu da abinci, ayyukansu yana raguwa ƙwarai, wanda ke shafar su. Don rage wannan mummunan tasirin, "karnukan wuta" sun koyi tsara yadda ake sarrafa kansu da kansu, suna sauya yanayin tanadin makamashi lokacin da ya zama dole (galibi a lokacin hunturu). Zasu iya lanƙwasa a cikin mataccen ƙwallo, mai kama da babban ƙwallon Jawo.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: redananan jan panda
Redananan jan panda yana haifar da wani ɓoyayyen sirri, salon ɓoyewa, inda ake nuna ayyukan a cikin sa'o'in yamma, kuma da rana dabbar tana bacci a cikin ɓoye ko kawai a kan bishiya. Pananan pandas ainihin matattarar bacci ne waɗanda ke yin aƙalla awanni 11 a kowace rana. A lokacin sanyi, dabbobin suna birgima cikin ƙwallo, suna rufe kawunansu da jela mai taushi, kamar bargo.
An lura cewa wasu lokuta pandas suna yin bacci yayin zaune, kuma kawunansu yana faduwa akan kirjinsu, a wannan matsayin raccoons galibi suna hutawa. A lokacin zafi, panda ya shimfida akan reshe, ya rataye kafafunsa kasa. Bayan farkawa, dabbobin suka miƙa daɗi kuma, kamar kuliyoyi, sun fara yin wanka da harshensu da ƙafafunsu. Sannan an goge baya da ciki ta hanyar shafawa a jikin bishiyar. Panda yana maimaita duk waɗannan hanyoyin bayan cin abinci.
Idan a cikin bishiyoyin panda suna sarrafa jikinsu da kyau kuma suna motsawa cikin sauri da karimci, to a kasa ga alama mara kyau ne da rashin tsaro. Panda na hawa daga reshe zuwa reshe ba tare da wata matsala da jinkiri ba, babban wutsiya yana aiki don daidaitawa. Game da barazanar, panda na neman ɓoye cikin kambin bishiyoyi. Koyaya, koyaushe dole ne ta tako kan ƙasa don neman abinci, wanda take ɗauka mai ban sha'awa tare da ɗan gabanta kuma yana aikawa kai tsaye cikin bakinta.
Tana iya cin abinci yayin zaune, kwance, da tsaye. Idan aka tsoratar da ku, za ku iya jin wasu ihu, wani lokacin suna busa, wanda panda ke samarwa. Ita, kamar cat, ta tanƙwara baya a cikin baka don tsoratar da abokan gaba. Gabaɗaya, wannan dabba ce mai zaman lafiya, ba ta fata ba, saboda haka, yana da sauƙi a hora. Lokacin da ba a ga haɗari a sararin samaniya ba, panda na iya yin kururuwa kamar tsuntsu, yana ihu a taƙaice.
Pananan pandas sun fi son zama cikin kadaitaccen wuri, suna haɗuwa kawai yayin lokacin saduwa. A cikin mata, wurin zama ya kai murabba'in mita 2.5. km, a cikin maza - har zuwa 5 sq. km Iyakokin kowane kadara suna da alamomi da alamomin ƙanshi waɗanda ke barin duka ƙafafun dabba da na hanji. Hakanan litter da fitsari suna matsayin alamomin da pandas, ba tare da ganin juna ba, zasu iya fahimtar shekaru, jinsi, da yanayin jikin maƙwabcin su.
Duk da cewa ƙananan pandas suna rayuwa su kaɗai (ɗaya bayan ɗaya), amma har yanzu suna da haɗari da wasa, suna da fara'a. Ana iya ganin wannan a cikin wasannin da ɗiyan girma suka yi wasa da juna. Suna yin wutsiyoyi a cikin hanya mai ban sha'awa, suna tashi a ƙafafunsu na baya, suna wa abokan hamayyar dariya a hankali, suna cije shi kaɗan, amma ba tare da kawo zafi da rashin jin daɗi ba.
Ana iya lura da hoto iri ɗaya tsakanin dabbobin da suka manyanta a cikin fursuna. Jan Panda mai laushi ba ya tsoron mutum, ita ma tana lallashinta sosai, tana saka shi cikin wasanta.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Little Red Panda Cub
Consideredananan pandas ana ɗaukarsu manyan balaga ne a lokacin da suka kai kimanin shekara ɗaya da rabi. Lokacin saduwa don waɗannan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa yana farawa a watan Janairu. Wannan lokacin yana tare da kwarkwasa da soyayya. Maza suna barin alamomi a ko'ina, kuma mata suna nuna cewa a shirye suke don hadi.
Aiki mai aiki a cikin mata yana ɗaukar kwana ɗaya kawai, don haka waɗannan dabbobin ba su da cikakken lokaci don dogon lokacin soyayya. Duk da cewa a cikin yanayin al'ada Panda tana da kunya sosai kuma ba ta sadarwa, a lokacin saduwa tana jin daɗin kasancewa tare da saurayinta. Galibi, a wannan lokacin, pandas suna yin kowane irin sautuna da ke jan hankalin mutane da ba na jima'i ba: suna bushewa, da kururuwa, da raɗaɗi, suna ɗaga duwawunsu da sha'awa.
Lokacin daukar ciki na daga 114 zuwa 145, amma amfrayo ba zasu fara cigaba kai tsaye ba kuma zasu ci gaba har kwana 50. Iyaye masu zuwa da kansu zasu fara shirya don bayyanar zuriya, namiji ya bar nan da nan bayan wasannin mating. Mata suna neman rami mai dacewa, suna jingina shi da ganyaye, rassa da ciyawa. Yawancin lokaci, daga jarirai 1 zuwa 4 ake haihuwa, wanda nauyinsu yakai gram 100, basu ga komai ba kuma basu da komai. Jawo na yara yana da launin toka mai haske.
Matasa suna da ɗan jinkirin lokacin haɓaka. Kawai a rana ta 21 ne suke ganin ganinsu, kuma suna da watanni uku da barin gidansu a karon farko, suna yin fitowar dare. Mama panda koyaushe tana lasar su, don haka sanya alamun ta akan su. Satin farko na rayuwarta ba ta bar su ba, sannan ta tafi neman abinci, tana zuwa ne kawai a lokacin ciyar da yara. Jan Panda yana kula da jarirai da madara har zuwa watanni biyar, sannan ya fara yaye su daga wannan.
Kubiyoni suna da matukar kauna ga mahaifiyarsu, kuma basu san mahaifinsu kwata-kwata ba. Suna zaune tare da mahaifiyarsu har kusan shekara ɗaya, sannan suka rabu da ita, sai ta fara shiri don saduwa ta gaba, tana zama mai saurin fushi a wannan lokacin.
A shekara daya, pandas matasa basu fi girman manya girma ba, kuma suna girma sosai daga baya (kusa da shekara ɗaya da rabi da kuma daga baya).
Abokan gaba na kananan jan pandas
Photo: redananan jan panda
A cikin yanayin yanayi, ɗan jan panda bashi da makiya da yawa. Ba shi da sauƙi a kama shi, kuma dabbar ba ta da yawa. Dole ne Panda ja ta yi hattara da damisar dusar ƙanƙara (irbis) da jan kyarkeci. Hakanan Martens na iya haifar da haɗari. Yiwuwar kai hari a kowace shekara ya ragu zuwa mafi ƙaranci saboda raguwar yawan mutanen da ke cikin Panda da damisa mai dusar ƙanƙara.
Panda tana tserewa daga manyan dabbobi masu cin nama a cikin bishiyoyi, hawa hawa wanda da tsananin rashin kwanciyar hankali tare da taimakon kaifi masu lankwasa. Idan bai yi aiki da sauri ba, a ƙasa panda ko dai ta hau zuwa tsayin ta a ƙafafun baya, ko kuma lanƙwasa a cikin baka don tsoratar da abokan gaba. Bugu da kari, yana fitar da wani turaren musky. Wasu suna jayayya cewa a cikin haɗari mai haɗari, panda yana yin furci mai daɗaɗa zuciya, kodayake ba a tabbatar da wannan ba tabbas.
Babban tushen hatsari ga pandas ja shine mutumin da yake share dazuzzuka kuma ya tsunduma cikin farauta, ya lalata smallan tsirarun adadin waɗannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: redananan jan panda Red Book
An jera ƙaramin jan panda a cikin littafin Red Book na Duniya, yawan jama'arta na cikin haɗari. Tsawon shekaru 18, kusan ya rabi, wanda abin bakin ciki ne sosai. Masana kimiyya sun yi hasashen kara samun raguwar adadin wadannan dabbobi.
Irin wannan yanayin na ɓacin rai ba ya faruwa ne kawai saboda gaskiyar cewa an haifi fewan pan Panda da yawa (galibi ɗayan, ba kasafai biyu ba, da wuya sau uku ko huɗu), amma kuma saboda ɓarnar dazuzzuka da farauta ba bisa ƙa'ida ba. A Indiya, ba a haramta farautar waɗannan dabbobin da ba safai ba. A cikin China, ana ɗinka huluna da sauran tufafi daga ɗamara mai ɗanɗano ta ƙaramar panda. Ko da naman panda ana cinsa, yana sanya ƙanshinsa.
Kare kananan jan pandas
Hoto: redananan jan panda daga littafin Red
A cikin gidaje masu wadata, ana haifar da jan fanda kamar dabbar da aka siya daga mafarauta. Abun takaici, kiyaye irin wannan dabbar tana da matukar wahala, tana bukatar abinci na musamman, don haka galibi jan Panda yakan mutu a gida.
Wani lokaci mai sanyaya rai a cikin irin wannan mummunan halin shine gaskiyar cewa jar Panda tana dacewa da rayuwa a cikin zoos, inda take haɓaka kwazo. A cewar wasu rahotanni, kimanin pandas ja dari uku da hamsin suna zaune a cikin wuraren narkoki daban-daban da kuma gidajen namun daji, kuma an sami irin wannan adadin. Ya kamata mutane suyi tunani game da ayyukansu na cutarwa ga dabbobi kuma su fara rayar da yawan waɗannan kyawawan halittu.
Kyawawan ban mamaki jan panda ya mamaye zukatan mutane da yawa a duniya, saboda kyan gani da kyawu, wanda ya sanya mu taɓawa da kuma murmushi. Ya kamata mu gane cewa wannan ba abin wasa bane kwata-kwata, kuma ya kamata mu kula da dabba cikin girmamawa da kulawa don ta ji daɗi, kuma lambobinta sun fara ƙaruwa ba kawai a cikin fursuna ba, har ma a cikin daji.
Ranar bugawa: 13.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 16.09.2019 a 12:04
