Zaki barbary shi ne mafi girman danniya na dangin cat, an san shi da Atlas. Cape lion ne kawai zai iya gasa tare da shi. Abun takaici, wadannan dabbobin masu falala sun daina samun damar haduwa da yanayin yanayi. An gama su gaba ɗaya a cikin shekarun 20s. Waɗannan su ne kaɗai felan matan da aka daidaita su daidai don zama a yankunan tsaunuka. Ayyukan mutane sun zama sanadin hallaka su.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Barbary Lion
Zakin Barbary ya kasance memba na mambobi masu shayarwa. Dabbobin suna wakiltar tsarin dabbobi masu cin nama, dangin dangi, jinsunan dabbobi da kuma zakin. A zamanin da, dabbobi na gama gari ne kuma suna kusan kusan duk yankin Afirka. Karl Linnaeus yayi amfani da wakilan wannan nau'in don bayyana zakuna.
Zai yiwu kakannin Barbary shine zaki na Mosbach. Ya fi mabiyansa girma sosai. Tsawon jikin zakokin Mosbakh ya kai fiye da mita biyu da rabi ba tare da jela ba, tsayin ma kusan rabin mita ya fi haka. Daga cikin wannan nau'in dabbobi ne masu farautar kogon dangi suka samo asali kimanin shekaru dubu ɗari uku da suka gabata. Daga baya sun bazu ko'ina cikin yankin Turai ta zamani.
A cikin tsohuwar Rome, waɗannan dabbobin ne galibi ake amfani da su a cikin yaƙin gladiatorial, da kuma yaƙe-yaƙe na nishaɗi tare da wasu nau'ikan masu cin abincin. Abubuwan da aka samo asali na farko, wanda ke nuna tsoffin dangi na masu cutar Barbary, sun kusan shekaru dubu shida da ɗari da dubu. An gano su a cikin yankin Isernia - wannan shine yankin Italia na zamani.
Ragowar ragowar ana danganta su ga jinsunan panthera leo fossilis, dangin zakin Mosbakh. Bayan ɗan lokaci kaɗan, zakuna sun zauna a Chukotka, Alaska, da kuma Arewacin da Kudancin Amurka. Saboda fadada mazaunin, wasu rabe-rabe sun bayyana - zaki na Amurka. Kwata-kwata ya ɓace kimanin shekaru 10,000 da suka gabata yayin shekarun kankara na ƙarshe.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Thearshen Barbary Lion
Girman da bayyanar maigidan abin ban mamaki ne kwarai da gaske. Yawan maza ya kai daga kilogram 150 zuwa 250. Jumlar dimorphism ana furtawa. Nauyin mata bai wuce kilogram 170 ba. Akwai wasu mutane waɗanda, bisa ga bayanan masanan, a cikin nauyin jiki ya wuce alamar kilogram ɗari uku.
Wani fasalin keɓaɓɓen zaki na Barbary shine mai kauri, tsayi mai ƙarfi a cikin maza, wanda ya tsara ba kawai kai ba, har ma da mahimmin ɓangaren jiki. Ciyayi sun rufe kafadun dabbobi, bayansu harma da wani bangare na ciki. Gwanin ya yi duhu, kusan baƙi. Ya bambanta da launin mangwaron, babban launin jikin ya fi sauƙi. Jikin felines yana da ƙarfi, ya kasance sirara, kuma siriri.
Lions suna da babban kai, ɗan tsayi. An baiwa dabbobin da ƙarfi, da ƙarfi jaws. Suna da hakora dozin uku, daga cikinsu akwai manya-manyan, canines masu kaifi har tsawon santimita 7-8. Dogon harshe ya kasance an rufe shi da ƙananan kuraje, godiya ga abin da masu farautar suka kula da gashin kuma suka tsere daga kwari masu shan jini. A saman kai akwai kananan kunnuwa masu zagaye. Muzzle yana da fata a cikin sashin gaba. Jikin matasa, waɗanda ba su balaga ba suna da launi daban-daban. Speananan raƙuman ruwa sun kasance sanannu a cikin ƙananan cuban zaki. A cikin matan zaki, sun ɓace gaba ɗaya a lokacin bayyanar ɗiyan farko.
Dukkanin wakilan dangin masu farautar dabbobi sun banbanta da tsokoki masu matukar cigaba. Musamman tsokoki na wuya da na gaba sun kasance musamman a cikin zaki na Barbary. Tsawon jiki na baligi ya kai mita 2.2 - 3.2. Dabbobin suna da doguwar jela, girmanta ya wuce mita ɗaya. A saman jelar akwai burushi na duhu, gashi mai kauri.
Wadannan wakilai na dangin masu cin abincin an rarrabe su da gajerun hannaye, amma kafafuwa da karfi sosai. Ofarfin bugun ɗayan, na gaban gaba, ya kai kilogram 170! Theafafu, musamman na gaba, suna da ƙafafu masu tsayi sosai. Girman su ya kai santimita takwas. Tare da taimakon irin wannan bugu, mafarauta zasu iya kashe dutsen ko da kuwa ga dabba mara girma.
A ina zaki Barbary yake zama?
Hotuna: Barbary Lion
Wurin zama na kyawawan abubuwan Atlas shine nahiyar Afirka. Mafi yawansu sun fi karkata ne a yankunan Kudanci da Arewacin babban yankin. Su kaɗai ne ƙawayen da suka dace da yankin duwatsu. Dabbobin sun zaɓi daji-steppe, steppe, savannah, semi-desert, da kuma yankin tsaunukan Atlas a matsayin mazauninsu.
Dabbobi sun fi son yankin da ke cike da ciyawar daji da sauran ciyayi a matsayin mazauni. Wannan ya zama dole domin su yi farauta su sami abincinsu. Launin fatar ya haɗu da ciyawa mai tsayi kuma ya sa ya zama ba za a gan shi ba yayin ɓoye-ɓoye.
Masana ilmin namun daji sun yi iƙirarin cewa irin wannan ɗimbin ɗamarar kuma lokacin farin ciki an tsara shi don kare jikin dabbar yayin motsawa ta cikin daskararrun daji. Hakanan ciyayi suna da aikin kariya, suna fakewa da dabbobi daga zafin rana na Afirka. Mace Atlas ta mata sun ɓoye zuriyarsu a cikin ciyawa mai tsayi ko kuma ciyawar daji daga wasu mahautan.
Abinda ake buƙata na rayuwar yau da kullun na masu cin abincin Barbary shine kasancewar tafki. Zai iya zama ƙaramar rivulet ko maɓuɓɓugar dutse. A halin yanzu, ba wata dabba mai tsarkakakkiyar halitta a cikin yanayi da ta kasance ko dai a cikin yanayi na ɗabi'a ko cikin ƙaura. Wasu wuraren shakatawa da gandun namun daji suna da dabbobin da aka tsallaka da zakunan Barbary.
Menene zaki Barbary yake ci?
Hotuna: Barbary Lion
Atlas zakoki, kamar sauran wakilan dangin ganima, sun kasance masu cin nama. Babban tushen abinci shine nama. Wani babban mutum yana buƙatar kimanin kilogiram 10 na abincin nama kowace rana. Saboda tsananin ɗimbin bakinsu mai kauri, maza ba koyaushe suke iya ɓoye kansu da kyau ba kuma ba a sani ba.
Abincin ganimar Atlas shine mafi yawan manyan dabbobin da ba a san su ba:
- bauna;
- barewa;
- dabbobin daji;
- awakin dutse;
- Shanun larabawa;
- bubala;
- alfadarai;
- dabbobin daji
Idan babu manyan ciyawar, zakoki ba su rena ƙananan ganima - tsuntsaye, jerboas, kifi, beraye. Lions sun kasance mafarauta masu kyau, waɗanda aka bambanta da halayen saurin walƙiya. Yayin farautar, suna iya zuwa saurin gudu zuwa 70-80 km / h. Koyaya, baƙon abu ne a gare su su yi tafiya mai nisa a wannan saurin. Hakanan, dabbobi na iya tsalle har zuwa mita 2.5.
Zawun Atlas sun kasance mafarauta masu kyau. Sun farautar manyan dabbobi a matsayin ɓangare na rukuni. A cikin wuraren da aka bude, galibi mata sun shiga cikin farautar. Zasu iya farautar farautar su na dogon lokaci, su yi kwanton bauna su jira lokacin da ya dace. Maza na iya yin lalata cikin kwanton bauna. Sun kai hari tare da tsalle mai tsini, suna cizon hammata a cikin wuyan wanda aka azabtar.
Idan dabbobi zasu samu abinci a wuraren tsaunuka, maza ma zasu iya shiga cikin farauta, tunda a irin wannan yankin yafi sauki a rasa. Preananan ganima ba sa bukatar farauta gama gari, ana farautar zakunansa ɗaya bayan ɗaya. Bayan sun ci abinci, zakuna sukan kula da ramin da ake samun ruwa. Dabbobi na iya shan ruwa har lita 20-30 a lokaci guda.
Atlas zakoki ana daukar su mafarauta masu daraja, saboda basu taba kashe yan iska ba don kawai don raha ko kuma raha. Ya zama ruwan dare dabbobi su yi farauta kawai don su ciyar da kansu. Mafarauta na iya barin ragowar musamman manyan ganima da ba a ci a ajiye ba. Lions suna kiyaye abinci a hankali daga wasu, ƙananan dabbobi.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Barbary Lion
Zakiran Barbary basu da kirkirar manyan alfahari. A kan kowane girman kai akwai ƙwararren zaki mai hikima. Sau da yawa suna rayuwa kuma suna farauta ɗaya ɗaya, ko ƙirƙirar ƙananan ƙungiyoyi na mutane 3-5. Thean zaki sun zauna tare da mahaifiyarsu har zuwa shekaru biyu, sannan suka rabu kuma suka yi rayuwa ta musamman. Kungiyoyin sun hada da mata da ke da alakar dangi da juna. Sau da yawa, maza da mata suna haduwa a yanki ɗaya kawai yayin lokacin aure tare da nufin haifuwa.
Kowane rukuni na dabbobi, ko zaki ɗaya tilo ya mamaye wani yanki, wanda aka kiyaye shi sosai daga baƙi. Sau da yawa, maza suna kare haƙƙinsu na mamaye wani yanki, a lokaci guda suna faɗa, ko tsoratar da juna da ihu mai ƙarfi. Matan mata waɗanda aka haifa cikin girman kai sun kasance har abada a ciki. Mutanen da ba su kai lokacin balaga ba suna rabawa tare da tsofaffin zakarun mata game da zuriyarsu, suna koya musu farauta.
Maza sun bar shi lokacin da suka balaga kuma suka jagoranci rayuwa mai zaman kanta, ba sau da yawa suna haɗuwa da sauran zakoki na wannan shekarun. Aikin su shine haifuwa. Sau da yawa sukan shiga cikin yaƙe-yaƙe masu zafi don fifiko a cikin girman kai. Bayan nasarar, sabon, mai karfi da saurayi ya lalata dukkan zuriyar tsohon shugaban domin kirkirar nasa.
Maza suna kula da alamar mazauninsu ta hanyar fesa fitsari. Mata ba su da halaye irin na ɗabi'un. Zawun Atlas, kamar sauran wakilan kuliyoyin cinye dabbobi, sun kware sosai wajen sadarwa da juna. Zakiye, sun kai shekara ɗaya, sun koyi motsa jiki da yin sautuna iri-iri.
A cikin mata, wannan ikon ya bayyana da yawa daga baya. Sun kuma yi amfani da tuntuɓar kai tsaye da taɓawa don sadarwa. Misali, sun taba juna yayin gaisuwa. Maza galibi suna nuna fitina ga wasu mazan a cikin gwagwarmayar neman damar yin aure, da kuma haƙƙin mallakar wani yanki. Lions sun fi haƙuri da zakoki.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Barbary Lion
Ya kasance al'ada ga zakunan Barbary su shiga cikin aure kuma su haihu a kowane lokaci na shekara. Koyaya, mafi yawan lokuta lokutan aure shine lokacin damina. Zukunan mata sun balaga bayan watanni 24 daga lokacin haihuwa, amma ba a ba da zuriya ba kafin watanni 48. Maza sun balaga da ɗan lokaci fiye da mata. Kowace zakara wacce ta balaga ta iya haihuwa daga ɗa zuwa ɗa yara shida. Koyaya, galibi galibi ba a haifa uku ba. Ciki ya faru kowace shekara 3-7.
Atlas zakoki sun yi aure fiye da daya. Bayan lokaci na aure, ciki ya fara. Ya ɗauki kimanin watanni uku da rabi. Kafin ta haihu, zakin matar ya bar yankin da take alfahari da shi kuma ya koma wani wuri mara nutsuwa, wanda yafi kowa yawa a cikin dazuzzuka. Yaran da aka haifa an rufe su da duhu kuma nauyinsu ya kai kilogram 3-5. Tsawon jikin zakin zaki a haihuwa ya kai santimita 30 - 40. An haifi jarirai makafi. Sun fara ganin bayan kwanaki 7-10, kuma suna tafiya ne kawai bayan makonni 2-3. A farkon makonnin farko na rayuwa, zaki yana kasancewa kusa da jarirai sabbin haihuwa.
Ta ɓoye su a hankali, tana kiyaye su daga wasu masu yiwuwar yin lalata da su. Bayan makonni da yawa, zakanya ta dawo cikin girman kai tare da sa heranta. Bayan watanni 3-4 daga lokacin haihuwa, an ba jariran abincin nama. Wata daya daga baya, suna iya kallon yadda zakin mata manya ke farauta da samun abincinsu. Tun daga shekara shida, bakwai da haihuwa, lionan zaki sun riga sun shiga cikin farauta. Koyaya, ruwan nono yana cikin abinci har shekara ɗaya. Matsakaicin tsaran rayuwar Barbary a cikin yanayin yanayi ya kasance shekaru 15-18.
Makiyan makiya na zakunan Barbary
Hotuna: Barbary Lion
Rayuwa a cikin yanayin yanayi, zakunan Barbary ba su da abokan gaba. Babu wani mai farauta da ya taɓa rayuwar zakoki, saboda suna da fa'ida cikin girma, ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Iyakar abin da aka keɓance shine kada, wanda zai iya kai wa zakuna hari yayin shayarwa. Hakanan, kuliyoyin samari masu farauta sun kasance masu sauƙin ganima ga wasu, ƙanana masu farauta - hyenas, jackals.
Akwai dalilai da yawa don saurin raguwar adadin zakunan Atlas:
- Mutuwar cuba lionan zaki yayin canzawar babban namiji;
- Cututtuka da helminth waɗanda ke shafar zakuna yayin cin ɗanyen nama;
- Haɗa ɗan Adam na manyan yankuna;
- Mafarauta;
- Canji a cikin flora da fauna, rashin hanyoyin abinci;
- Dangane da ƙididdiga, fiye da rabin ɗiyan zakin sun mutu a lokacin shekarar farko ta rayuwa;
- A yau, babban makiyin adadi mai yawa na nau'in dabbobi shine mutum da ayyukansa.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Barbary Lion
A yau, an san zaki na Barbary a matsayin jinsin da ya ɓace gaba ɗaya daga doron ƙasa sakamakon ayyukan ɗan adam. Mafarauta sun kashe wakilin na wannan nau'in a cikin 1922 a tsaunukan Atlas. Don wani lokaci an ɗauka cewa mutane da yawa suna cikin yanayin wuraren shakatawa da wuraren ajiyar ƙasa. Koyaya, ba a tabbatar da wannan sigar ba.
An samo zakuna a cikin gidan namun daji, wanda babu shakka suna da kamanceceniya da masu cin abincin Atlas, amma ba su da tsarkakakkun wakilan jinsin. Zaki barbary ya ɓace sakamakon aikin ɗan adam. Animalsarin dabbobi da yawa suna gab da halaka, ko kuma tuni an riga an gama da su. Speciesarancin dabbobin da ba za su taɓa sake farfaɗowa ba.
Ranar bugawa: 12.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 09/16/2019 a 14:34
