Wolverine - dabba mai ban mamaki da sirri sosai tare da ƙarfi da ƙarfi. Sunansa, wanda aka fassara daga Latin, yana nufin "maras fa'ida, ba za a iya jin daɗinsa ba." Wolverine ta kasance almara tun zamanin da. Wasu mutane suna ɗaukarsa tsarkakakke kuma ana girmama shi sosai, wasu suna danganta siffar wollar tare da sojojin shaidan. Kasance hakane, tana da tsananin sha'awa, wanda hakan ya sa ta zama mafi ban mamaki.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Wolverine
Wolverine mai ɓarna ne Ita ce ɗayan manyan a cikin iyalinta, tare da badger, otter sea da otter. A cikin bayyanar, wolverine yayi kama da beyar mai ruwan kasa, kawai ta ƙarami. Can baya a cikin karni na 18 mai nisa, sanannen masanin kimiyyar Sweden, likita Karl Linnaeus bai san ko wane nau'in nau'in kwari ne ya kamata a danganta shi ba, yana yanke shawara tsakanin weasel da canine.
A cikin dangin weasel, wolverine shine kawai wakilin jinsinsa. Yana da wuya a sami irin wannan sunan don kerkewar kamar "dabbar skunk", ta samo shi ne don ƙanshinta na musamman, wanda glandon gwaiwa ke nunawa. Wannan halin halayyar duk dangin ta ne.
Bidiyo: Wolverine
Duk da cewa dabbar da aka sani tun zamanin da, ba a yi cikakken nazari ba, kuma ya kasance abin asiri har yau. Wannan duk hakan ya faru ne saboda salon sirrin sa da kuma halin mugunta. Mutane koyaushe suna taka-tsantsan da dabbobin daji, suna la'akari da su masu tsananin tashin hankali da rashin tausayi.
Dalilin mummunan shine hare-haren wolverines akan samari da dabbobin. Wani lokacin wolverine zai sata ganima kai tsaye daga tarkon mutane. Dangane da girma, wolverine tana a matsayi na biyu a cikin dangin ta bayan otter na teku. Wataƙila daga waje ya zama ɗan mara kyau, amma dabba ce mai tsananin ƙarfi da ƙarfi.
A banza ne mutane suka kasance da mummunan ra'ayi game da wannan dabba mafi ƙarfi da rashin tsoro, saboda ana iya ɗauka a matsayin mai tsari na daji wanda ke tsaftace dazuzzuka daga fadowa, dabbobi masu rauni da marasa lafiya, ta haka ke hana ɓullar annoba da kare muhalli.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hotuna: Dabbar dabbar daji
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, an dauki wolverine sosai a cikin danginsa. Nauyin mata na iya zama zuwa kilogiram 10, kuma maza - har zuwa 15. Akwai samfurin 20 kilogiram. Jikin wolverine yana da tsayi 70 zuwa 95 cm, ban da jela. Wutsiyar kanta tana da laushi sosai kuma tana da tsayin 18 zuwa 23 cm. Girman wolverine ya kai rabin mita.
Jikin dabbar yana da ƙarfi, mai ƙarfi, mai wadataccen ƙarfi tare da tsokoki. Wsafafun dabba ma suna da ƙarfi, masu yawa, kowannensu yana da yatsu biyar, yankin ƙafa yana da faɗi, ƙafafu dogaye ne. Godiya ga wannan, wolverine, kamar kowane abin hawa, zai iya shawo kan kowane dusar ƙanƙara kuma ya tafi inda wasu baza su iya wucewa ba. Ya kamata a lura cewa ƙafafun bayanta sun fi na gaba tsayi sosai, saboda haka duk silhouette kamar ana birgima.
Kan dabbar yana da girma tare da danshi mai d'an tsayi kadan, kunnuwan Wolverine suna da kyau, suna zagaye, idanun kuma kanana ne, baƙi, kamar ƙarshen hanci. Hakoran dabbar suna da girman gaske, kuma har ma da kaifin kara. A gare ta, su ainihin makami ne wanda ke taimakawa cikin farauta. Muƙamuƙin dabbar yana da ƙarfi, a sauƙaƙe yana ɗanɗanawa har da ragowar daskararre.
Launi na furcin wolverine kyakkyawa ne kuma yana jan hankali, yana iya zama:
- launin ruwan kasa;
- da baƙin;
- haske launin ruwan kasa (rare).
Kusan dukkan dabbobin da ke fuska suna da abin rufe fuska mai haske da azurfa mai launin azurfa, kuma ana jan layi iri iri daga kafaɗu zuwa ga sacrum. Hakanan akwai abin wuya mai haske a wuyan da yankin kirji.
A cikin watanni na hunturu, furcin wolverine yana da zafi mai kyau, mai daɗi da kyau. Shaginess yana karuwa sosai. Dabbar ba ta jin tsoron tsananin sanyi ko babbar dusar kankara. Paaƙƙarfan yatsun hannu sun shawo kan kowane shingen dusar ƙanƙara. Wolverine yana tono manyan ramuka a cikin dusar ƙanƙara, yana yin hanyar zuwa ɗakunan ajiya na ɓoye tare da kayayyaki, kuma yana iya ɓoyewa a cikin kaurin dusar ƙanƙara na kwanaki da yawa. Jinsunan rani na wolverine ba su da wadata da kwarjini kamar lokacin sanyi. Fur a wannan lokacin na shekara yafi rowa da gajere, don haka dabbar tana kama da 'yar wahala.
Ina wolverine ke rayuwa?
Photo: Wolverine dabba
Wolverine dabba ce ta arewa. Ta zaɓi Arewacin Amurka, suna zaune a arewacin yankin Eurasia. Wolverine ya zauna a arewacin taiga, forest-tundra, ya fi son wuraren da akwai bishiyoyi da yawa da shuke-shuke daban-daban. Wani lokaci akan same shi a bakin tekun Arctic. Gabaɗaya, yana bincika wuraren da yawan dabbobin daji suka isa. Abincin ta ya dogara da shi.
A cikin ɓangaren Turai, mazaunin wolverine ya haɗa da Finland, arewacin yankin Scandinavia, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus, Poland da Rasha. Game da ƙasarmu, ana iya samun wolf a cikin yankuna kamar Leningrad, Kirov, Vologda, Novgorod, Murmansk, Pskov, Perm Territories. Haka kuma wolverine tana zaune a Karelia, Jamhuriyar Komi, Kola Peninsula, Kamchatka, Far East da Siberia.
Gaskiya mai ban sha'awa ita ce cewa jihar Michigan ta Amurka ma tana da irin wannan suna kamar The Wolverine State, wanda ke nufin "Jihar Wolverines". Saboda ayyukan mutane, sakamakon haka ana yawan sare dazuzzuka, gina sabo da fadada yankunan tsoffin garuruwa, farautar dabbobi masu ɗauke da gashin kai, girman yankin da wolverine ke rayuwa ya ragu sosai, iyakokinta suna ƙara matsawa arewa. A wurare da yawa inda dorinar daddawa ke zaune kuma ta sami nasarar rayuwa, yanzu ya zama babban rafta ko kuma ya ɓace daga waɗannan yankunan kwata-kwata.
Menene kerkewa ke ci?
Hotuna: Wolverine a cikin dusar ƙanƙara
Dukansu kanana da manya manyan dabbobi sun zama ganima ga wolverines. Abincinta yana da wadatar gaske kuma ya banbanta, dabba baya son abinci. Wolverine yana da tauri sosai kuma yana iya bin abin farautarta na dogon lokaci, yana hana shi ƙarfinta na ƙarshe. Akwai lokutan da ta rinjayi babban katako, wanda ta tuƙa zuwa cikin dusar ƙanƙara, inda ya makale. Wolf din ba ya jinkirin daukar gawa bayan wasu dabbobi masu farauta. Tana koyo game da ita, a hankali tana sauraren gungun hankakan da suka tashi zuwa idi.
Yawancin mutanen da ke fama da cutar Wolverine sukan zama marasa ƙarfi ko dabbobi marasa lafiya. Ita, kamar mai tsafta ba ta gajiyawa, ta 'yanta yankin daga dabbobi marasa ƙarfi da fadowa. Wolverine tana kama barewar musk, tumakin dutsen, barewar daji, barewa. Yawancin lokaci tana bin mutanen da cutar ta raunana ko kuma ta raunana. Lambobin suna magana ne da kansu, an san cewa daga cikin dozin kofato, dabbar daji ta cinye bakwai bayan manyan masu farauta, kuma an kama uku da kansu.
Wolverine ba ya son gwada ƙananan beraye, zomo, squirrels, bushiya. Idan ta ci ƙananan ganima nan take, to, sai ta raba babban gawar zuwa sassa da yawa. Abin da ba za a iya ci ba, ya ɓoye a cikin ɗakunan ajiya, wanda ya tsara duka ta ƙarƙashin ƙasa, da tsakanin duwatsu, da ƙarƙashin dusar ƙanƙara. Sananne ne cewa dabba na iya cin mushen musk a cikin kusan kwana huɗu. Don haka, tsarkewa da gawar da aka bari daga manyan masu farauta sun zama menu na lokacin sanyi na wolverine. Manyan kuzarinsa masu ƙarfi suna tauna abinci mai daskarewa sosai cikin sauƙi.
A lokacin rani, abincin mai farauta ya bambanta, ya haɗa da:
- tsuntsaye daban-daban da kwayayensu;
- abincin kifi;
- beraye, macizai, kadangaru, kwadi;
- tsutsayen kwari (galibi wasps);
- kwayoyi, 'ya'yan itace har ma da zuma.
Wani lokaci, duk da cewa ba safai ake samun sa ba, amma ya zama cewa wolverines sun haɗu cikin garken tumaki don ƙarin farauta mai amfani. An gan shi a cikin Siberia da Gabas ta Tsakiya, inda barewar musk ke da yawa. Wolverines sun daɗe suna lura da cewa tana guduwa daga abokan gaba, tana gudana a cikin da'irar. Saboda wannan, dabbobi masu wayo suka fito da wasu dabarun farauta: daya daga wolverine ya kori barewar miski, yana bi a cikin da'irori, sauran abokan aikin nata kuma suna jiran wannan da'irar ta rufe, kuma wanda abin ya shafa ba shi da wata dama.
Kodayake wolverine ba ta da sauri haka, wani lokacin ba ta da hanzari don saurin cimke abincinta, amma wannan dabbar mai iko tana da isasshen ƙarfin jimrewa! Wolverine na iya bin wanda aka zaɓa na tsawon lokaci mai tsawo, yana kashe ta kuma yana ƙwanƙwasa shi gaba ɗaya daga ƙarfinta, ba ta da haƙuri da iko a cikin wannan lamarin.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Wolverine a cikin hunturu
Ana iya kiran wolverine mai kadaici da kuma makiyayi wanda ba ya zama a wuri ɗaya kuma yana yin tafiyar kilomita goma a rana don neman abinci. Dabbar ba ta motsi da sauri, amma ba gajiyawa. Masana ilmin namun daji sun lura da al'amura lokacin da wolverine ba tare da tsayawa ba ya wuce sama da kilomita 70. Theasar da aka yiwa alama na dorina na iya isa yanki har zuwa 2000 km. Maza ba sa haƙuri yayin da wasu mazan suka mamaye kayansu, kuma ba sa korar mata.
Wolverine ba shi da gida na dindindin, zai iya tsayawa ya huta a kowane wuri: tsakanin tushen manyan bishiyoyi, a cikin ramuka, a cikin raƙuman duwatsu da kawai a cikin dusar ƙanƙara. Sai kawai lokacin da wolverine ke shirin zama uwa, sai ta gina wa kanta wani abu kamar beyar bear, wanda tsawon sa zai iya zama mita goma.
Dabbar yawanci tana zuwa farauta da yamma, kuma tana farkawa da daddare. Jin ƙamshi, ƙwarewar gani da jin ji suna taimaka mata cikin wannan. Dabbar tana jagorantar salon rayuwa na sirri, tana kokarin nisantar wuraren zama na mutane, yana saurara koyaushe kuma yana mai da hankali. Wolverine yana da rashin tsoro da rashin hankali. Ba za a kashe dabbar da ke da ƙarfin zuciya ba, ko da kuwa akwai dabba a gabanta, wanda ya fi ƙarfin wolverine ɗin sau biyu. Ganin kerkewa zai iya bayyana da ɗan damuwa da fushi. Waɗannan maƙarƙancin ba su da ma'amala tare da koran masu fafatawa daga yankinsu, suna nuna murmushin dabbobinsu kuma suna ba da hayaniya.
Duk wani nau'ikan da ke ƙarƙashin wolverine: yana yin hanyarsa ta cikin zurfin dusar ƙanƙara, yana hawa kowane bishiya daidai, yana iyo da kyau. Wolverine ba kawai jarumi ba ne kawai ba, yana da tauri, halayyar karfe, amma kuma yana da hankali, yana da taka tsantsan. Dabbar na iya motsawa kwata-kwata ba tare da wata hanya ba ta hanyoyin mutane ko hanyoyin wasu dabbobi masu farauta domin neman wani abu mai daɗi. Wolverine wani lokacin takan lalata wuraren farauta, suna satar abincinsu kai tsaye daga tarkuna. Wolverine ba shi da takamaiman tsarin yau da kullun; yana bacci lokacin da ya ji kasala, ba tare da la'akari da lokacin rana ba. Anan ga irin jarumtakar wolverine, mara nutsuwa, mai taurin kai, dan rainin wayo kuma mai raba gardama!
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Hotuna: Dabbar Wolverine
Wolverines ba sa kafa ƙungiyoyi na dindindin kuma masu ƙarfi. Sun kasance masu ban sha'awa ta yanayi. Ma'aurata suna ƙirƙirar makonni 2 a cikin lokacin saduwa, sa'annan su bambanta, kamar jiragen ruwa a teku. Lokacin saduwa ga waɗannan dabbobin yana farawa daga Mayu zuwa Agusta. Abin sha'awa, bayan hadi, kwan ya fara girma ne kawai a cikin watan bakwai ko na takwas, wannan ci gaban yana dauke da kimanin kwanaki arba'in, kuma yaran sun bayyana a watan Fabrairu ko Maris. Duk wannan aikin ana maimaita shi sau ɗaya a kowace shekara biyu. Mahaifiyar tana da jarirai 2 zuwa 4.
Kafin ta haihu, mace tana gina rami (galibi a kan dusar ƙanƙara), ba ta damu da yawa game da kwanciyar hankali, ta jefa shimfidar gado ba tare da kulawa ba, nan da nan ta nuna wa yara cewa rayuwa mai wuya ta makiyaya na jiransu, inda ba a buƙatar mazaunin dindindin sam. Jarirai ba su da komai kwata-kwata da makafi, tare da furcin haske mai walƙiya. Wadannan yankakkun suna da nauyin gram 100. An ƙirƙira ikon gani kusa da wata guda, to nauyi ya riga ya kai rabin kilogram. Wata mahaifiya mai kula da wolverine tana kula dasu tare da madara har na tsawon watanni 3, sannan ta fara gabatar da naman da aka narkar da shi a cikin abincin su, sannan ta shiga karatun farauta.
Zuwa tsakiyar lokacin bazara, yaran da suka girma sun fito daga kogon suna tafiya a kan dugadugan mahaifiya, wacce ke koya musu sauye-sauye a koyaushe kuma tana koya musu dabarun neman ganima. Yara suna zama tare da mahaifiyarsu har sai sun kai shekara biyu, sannan su watse don neman yankinsu, inda suke jagorancin keɓantacciyar rayuwa. A cikin yanayi, mai kazanta, yanayi, wolverine zai iya rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 10, a cikin fursuna yana rayuwa mafi tsayi (har zuwa shekaru 17).
Abokan gaba na wolverines
Hotuna: Dabbar dabbar daji
Idan muka fahimci wannan batun dalla-dalla, to muna iya cewa wolverine ba ta da makiya da yawa a cikin daji. Waɗannan sun haɗa da irin waɗannan dabbobin kamar su kerkeci, lynxes, beyar. Amma da kyar suke kaiwa wolverine hari, suna kokarin wuce shi. Duk game da takamammen kamshinta ne, wanda ta bayar ba wai kawai don alamar yankin ba, don yaudarar wani jinsi ba, amma kuma don tsoratar da masu son mugunta. Wannan sirrin mai dadi yana ba dabba karfi da kwarin gwiwa har ta kai ga wolverine zai iya wulakanta abin da yake kama daga kerkeci har ma da lynx ba tare da inuwar shakku ba. Akwai lokuta idan har beyar ta sha wahala daga irin waɗannan maganganun marasa kyau na mai farauta.
Lynx ba ya son ya kai hari ga wolverine, yana wulakanta ƙanshin sa mai ƙyama, saboda ita kanta tsafta ce. Tana ƙoƙari ta ɓoye da sauri daga irin wannan mace mai girman kai don kada ta sake yin rikici da ita. Manyan wolverines da kansu ba sa kyamar kai wa kerkeci, suna jin ƙarfi da ƙarfi na ban mamaki kuma suna da iko mai ƙarfi da kaifi. Idan maganganun farko na farko sun gaza, ana amfani da makamin tayi. Fushin wolverine da firgicin sa a wasu lokuta ba sa cika sikeli, don haka har beyar tana ƙoƙarin nisanta daga gare ta.
Wolverine tana kai hari ga mutane da wuya, a cikin mawuyacin hali, lokacin da kawai babu inda za ta, a lokaci guda tana fitar da wani abu kamar haushi na fox. Duk da rashin tsoro da iko, wolverine ba za ta kai hari ba tare da wani dalili ba, tana mai da hankali sosai a cikin waɗannan batutuwa. Babban haɗari ga wannan dabbar mutum ne, saboda furcin wolverine yana da matukar muhimmanci, saboda haka mafarauta suka hallaka dabbobi da yawa. Bugu da kari, yanayin rashin yanayin muhallin kuma yana shafar yawan dabbobi, yana rage ta a hankali. Daya daga cikin mafi munin makiya ga wolverine shine yunwa; dabbobi da yawa suna mutuwa daga gare ta.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hotuna: Wolverine
Adadin adadin wolf, da rashin alheri, yana raguwa a hankali, wadannan dabbobin masu ban mamaki sun zama kadan da kadan. Dalilin wannan ba dalili ɗaya bane, amma haɗuwarsu.
Na farko, farauta ce. Valueimar fatar dabbar tana da tsada sosai, tana da kuɗi fiye da ta sable. An dinka kyawawan kyawawan huluna, abin wuya, mufta da sauran tufafi daga gare ta. Ko da a cikin tsananin sanyi, ba a rufe fatar wolverine da sanyi. A baya, ba abu mai sauƙi ba don kama dabbar, saboda yana iya wucewa ta inda mutane ba za su iya ba, yanzu, saboda keɓaɓɓiyar hawa, yana da sauƙin yin wannan, saboda haka mafarauta galibi ba su san ma'auni ba.
Abu na biyu, yanayin yanayi mara kyau, yaduwar gundumomin birane yana rage yankin dabbar, wanda ke haifar da raguwar lambarsa.
Abu na uku, cututtukan dabbobi daban-daban (musamman cutar hauka) suna lalata wolverine a babban mizani. Kar a manta cewa galibi tana yawan cin dabbobi marasa lafiya da mushe, don haka haɗarin kamuwa da ita yana da yawa.
An dauki Wolverine a matsayin jinsin da ke da rauni a cikin yawancin yankunan da yake zaune; wasu mutanen wannan mahautan suna fuskantar barazanar bacewa. A cikin Arewacin Amurka ne kawai yawan olan kwari yake da kwanciyar hankali kuma ba shine dalilin damuwa ba.
Wolverine mai gadi
Hotuna: Wolverine Red Book
An lissafa Wolverine ba kawai a cikin Littafin Red Book na Duniya ba, amma kuma ya bayyana a cikin Littattafan Red Data na yankuna na ƙananan yankunan ƙasarmu kamar:
- Jamhuriyar Karelia;
- Yankin Murmansk;
- Yankin Leningrad.
Ya kamata a san cewa ba kawai furcin wolverine yana da tsada sosai ba, amma kamawar wolverine ta fi tsada, don haka ana kama mai farautar da ransa. Ana yin wannan saboda gaskiyar cewa zoos da yawa suna son samun irin wannan dabba mai ban mamaki a cikin tarin su. Da wuya Wolverine ya sami tushe a can, saboda ba ya son hayaniya, girman kai da baƙi. Lallai ya kamata muyi tunani game da kiyaye waɗannan ba kawai kyawawan dabbobi masu ban sha'awa ba, har ma da amfani ga tsarin halittu na gandun daji.
Idan na takaita, zan so in kara cewa wolverine tana da wayo sosai, tana da karfi, tana da karfin jiki, ba ta da tsoro, amma a lokaci guda tana da kyau, a koyaushe tana kan fadaka. Boyewa daga kowa, tana jagorantar rayuwarta mai zaman kanta, ta ware, cike da motsi mara iyaka a neman abinci.
Wolverine wanda mutane da yawa suka girmama shi, alal misali, Indiyawan Amurkawa sun ɗauki wannan dabbar a zaman mutumen mai hankali, wayo mai ban mamaki da taka tsantsan mara misaltuwa. Bugu da kari, bai kamata mutum ya manta game da matsayinta na tsari na tsari na gandun daji ba, wanda ke kawo irin wannan babbar fa'idar ba ga dukkan mazauna gandun daji ba, har ma ga mutane. Sabili da haka, yana da daraja la'akari da tambayar: "Wane alheri zamu iya yi don kerkewa?"
Ranar bugawa: 10.02.2019
Ranar da aka sabunta: 16.09.2019 a 14:58
