Farin-fushin dolphin - dabba mai shayarwa, mai haƙori haƙori daga umarnin kakannin. Akwai nau'ikan wadannan dabbobi sama da 40 a duniya. Dabbobin dolphins galibi suna rayuwa ne a yankuna masu zafi da kuma yanayin zafi, amma kuma akwai waɗancan jinsunan waɗanda ke zaɓar ruwan da ya fi kyau. Godiya ga wannan, ana iya ganin su koda kusa da Arctic mai sanyi.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Photo: Farin-fushin dolphin
Jikin dabba yana da matukar girma, baya baya duhu ko launin toka, ya bambanta da gefen haske. Akwai gajeren dusar ƙanƙara-fari ko wutsiya mai launin toka mai haske. Maƙogwaro da ciki na dabbar dolfin fari ne, ƙarshen dorsal yana da girma kuma ya yi kyau sosai sama da saman ruwa. Babban wuri mai haske yana bayan ƙarshen ƙarewar.
Za'a iya kwatanta halayyar dabba ta al'ada kamar mai aiki:
- motsi suna da sauri da kuzari, dabbobin dolphin suna da tsayi kuma galibi suna tsalle daga ruwa, suna nishadantar da waɗanda ke kusa dasu da halayensu;
- dabbobi suna so su bi jiragen ruwa masu wucewa, suna zamewa tare da rawanin baka a cikakkiyar ganin fasinjoji da ma'aikata;
- yawanci suna taruwa cikin garken tumaki kuma ana samun su rukuni-rukuni har zuwa mutum 28 ko fiye, daga lokaci zuwa lokaci suna kafa manyan garken mutane 200 ko sama da haka.
Don kamun kifi, dabbobin dolphin za a iya tsara su a cikin garke-garke da dabbobin da suke da irin wannan. Zai iya zama cakuda na Tekun Atlantika da dabbobin dolphin masu gefe-gefen fari. Wasu lokuta dabbobi na iya rakiyar manyan kifayen teku, suna raba ganima tare da su kuma suna amfani da su azaman kariya ga 'ya'yansu.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Photo: Farin-fushin kifayen daga Littafin Ja
Tsawon dolphin na yau da kullun ya fara daga 1.5 zuwa 9-10 m. Thean ƙaramin dabba a duniya shine nau'in Maui, wanda ke zaune kusa da New Zealand. Tsawon wannan ƙaramar mace bai wuce mita 1.6 ba. Mafi yawan mazaunan zurfin teku shine kifin mai yawan fararen fata, tsawonsa ya fi mita 3.
Babban wakilin wannan aji shine kifin kifi whale. Tsawon waɗannan mazan ya kai mita 10. Maza yawanci sun fi tsayi 10-20 cm. Dabbobin suna da nauyin awo daga 150 zuwa 300 kg, kifi whale na iya yin nauyi kaɗan kan tan.
Yankin jikin sama na bayan bayan fage da bangarorin da aka zagaye fari ne-fari-fari, cikin dabbar yana da haske fari. Kuma a saman baya, gaban fin fin, dolphin na da launi mai launin toka-toka. Arshen ƙusoshin baya da ƙusoshi ma baki ne mai haske. Bakin farin dabbar dolfin yana da fari bisa al'ada, amma wani lokacin toka toka.
Bidiyo: Farin-fushin dolphin
Dolphins dangi ne na kifayen, don haka za su iya zama a ƙarƙashin ruwa na dogon lokaci. Lokaci kawai dabbobi ke shawagi zuwa saman ruwa suna shan iska. A lokacin bacci, dabbobi na shawagi zuwa saman teku don shakar numfashi a hankali, ba tare da sun farka ba. Dabbar dolfin tana dauke da mafi kyawun dabba a duniya.
Nauyin kwakwalwa na wannan dabba mai shayarwa ya kai kilogiram 1.7, wanda shine gram 300. mafi yawan mutane, suma suna da ma'amala sau 3 fiye da mutane. Wannan gaskiyar zata iya bayyana halayyar zamantakewar dabba da ta bunkasa sosai, da ikon tausayawa, da shirin taimakawa marasa lafiya da wadanda suka sami rauni ko kuma mutumin da ya nitse.
Bugu da ƙari, dabbobi suna taimaka wajan azanci da hankali. Idan dan uwansu ya ji rauni kuma bai bi da kyau a saman teku ba, dolphins za su tallafa masa don mai haƙuri ba zai iya nutsuwa ko nutsar da shi ba. Haka sukeyi yayin tseratar da mutum, suna taimakon mutumin da ya nitse a cikin ruwa don isa bakin teku. Ba shi yiwuwa a bayyana irin ayyukan da suka dace ta hanyar damuwa da yawan jama'a. Ya zuwa yanzu, masana kimiyya ba za su iya fassara halayen abokantaka na kifayen dolphin masu fararen gemu ba, amma galibi duka yana kama da hankali, jinƙai da cikakken taimako ga wanda aka azabtar a cikin mawuyacin yanayi.
A ina ne fararen kifin mai fararen fata yake rayuwa?
Hotuna: Fuskar dolphin mai fararen fata a cikin teku
A cikin yanayin yanayi, fararen dolphins masu launin fari suna rayuwa a kusan dukkanin tekuna da tekuna na duniya. Amma mafi yawansu ana samunsu a cikin Tekun Barents mai sanyi, inda yawansu ya kai sama da mutane dubu 10.
Dabbobi suna rayuwa cikin garken tumaki, adadin mutane a cikin garke ɗaya na iya kaiwa ga mambobi 50. Mata tare da theirasansu sun taru a cikin garken tumaki daban-daban, waɗanda ke iya kare rayuwar youngeran ƙananan samari daga harin maharan. Dabbobi basa raba kansu zuwa kananan kabilu daban-daban. Mutane daban-daban, launi da surar jikinsu na iya zama cikin garken tumaki ɗaya. Waɗannan na iya zama na Atlantic, nau'ikan fararen fata, da dai sauransu.
Halin dabbobin dolphin yana tattare da tsalle-tsalle sau da yawa daga ruwa zuwa babban tsayi. Dabbobi suna cin abinci akan ƙananan kifi, molluscs, crustaceans da sauran abincin teku waɗanda basa barin kowa da yunwa. Dabbobi na iya shirya farautar gama gari ta abokantaka, tuka makarantar kifi zuwa cikin kwazazzabon ruwa ko ruwa mara ƙima kuma suna jin daɗin farautar su a cikin wani irin ɗakin cin abinci a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Dolphins sun kai ga balagar jima'i a shekaru 7-12. Mata na daukar 'ya'ya kimanin watanni 11. Rayuwar mutane ba ta wuce shekaru 30-40 ba.
Menene kifin mai fararen fata yake ci?
Hotuna: Red Book dolphin mai fuska fari
Abincin da ake kira da farin kifayen dolphin ya kunshi dukkan kayan kifi wadanda suke da yawa a cikin tekunan duniya. Ba sa ƙyamar jatan lande ko squid, suna son cin babban ko ƙananan kifi, suna iya farautar ko da ƙananan tsuntsaye. Lokacin kamun kifi, dabbobin dolphin na iya amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban, gami da na gama gari.
Don yin wannan, dabbobi masu hankali suna yin waɗannan abubuwa:
- aika 'yan leƙen asiri don neman makarantar kifi;
- kewaye makarantar kifi daga kowane bangare, sannan a ciyar;
- ana fitar da kifin zuwa cikin ruwa mara zurfi, sannan kuma a kama su a can kuma su ci.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Photo: Farin-fushin dolphin
Yawancin wakilai na dangin dolphin, kamar su dolphins na kwalba, masu fari-fari, nau'ikan fararen fata, galibi suna rayuwa ne a cikin rami mai zurfin teku. Amma akwai jinsunan da ke bunƙasa a cikin ruwa mai daɗi, suna rayuwa a cikin manyan tabkuna da koguna. Ana samun farin kifin mai kogin dolphin a cikin Amazon da Orinoco - manyan kogunan Amurka, an kuma gani a cikin ruwan Asiya.
Saboda karuwar gurbatar muhalli, yawan jinsunan dabbar dolphin sun fara raguwa. Sabili da haka, an jera su a cikin Littafin Ja kuma doka ta kiyaye su.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Fuskokin dolphins masu fari
Masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da cewa dukkan nau’ikan kifayen dolphin suna amfani da yaren kurame wajen sadarwa da juna. Waɗannan na iya zama tsalle-tsalle ko juyawa, motsin kai ko ƙamshi, jujjuyawar wutsiya ta musamman, da dai sauransu.
Hakanan, dabbobi masu wayo suna iya sadarwa tare da juna ta amfani da sautuna na musamman. Masu bincike sun kirga sama da sautikan sauti iri iri 14, kwatankwacin wakoki. Wakokin kifayen dolphin a kan tekunan duniya tatsuniyoyi ne na almara da almara.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na jin karar Dabbobin ruwa na iya hango sauti 200,000 a cikin dakika ɗaya, lokacin da mutane ke hango 20,000 kawai.
Dabbobi suna da kyau a raba siginar sauti daga wata, a sauƙaƙe rarraba shi zuwa mitoci daban-daban. Ta hanyar taimakon vibrations daban-daban na ultrasonic, dabbobi na iya watsa muhimman bayanai ga junan su a karkashin ruwa mai nisa. Baya ga waƙoƙi, mutane na iya fitar da fasa, danna, ɓoyo, da bushe-bushe.
Dolphins na iya faɗakar da 'yan uwansu game da haɗari, ba da rahoto game da kusancin wata babbar makarantar kifi, maza suna kiran mata su sadu. Kowane mutum na watsa bayanai masu yawa da amfani ga juna a cikin zurfin tekun, ta yin amfani da amo ikon ruwa.
Akwai sautunan dolphin iri biyu:
- Maimaitawa ko amo na sautin da aka fitar;
- Sonar ko sautunan da kansu suke gabatarwa;
- Masu binciken sun kirga sama da sautuna daban-daban guda 180 a cikin su wadanda za a iya rarrabe bangarori daban-daban, kalmomi, jimloli, har ma da yaruka mabambanta.
Mata suna isa balagarsu tun suna shekaru 5 kuma su zama cikakkun manya, masu iya ɗaukar ciki da haihuwa. Maza sun ɗan girma kaɗan kuma sun sami ikon yin takin shekara 10 kawai a rayuwarsu. Dabbobi na iya ƙirƙirar ma'aurata, amma ba za su iya riƙe amincin aure na dogon lokaci ba, saboda haka, bayan bayyanar ɗiya, ma'auratan sun rabu.
Haihuwar dabbar dolphin galibi ana yin sa ne a lokacin watannin bazara. Yayin haihuwa, macen na kokarin kasancewa kusa da saman ruwa domin ta tursasa jaririn zuwa iska sama da shan iska ta farko. Ana haihuwar jariri koyaushe shi kaɗai, yana da girman da ya kai cm 500. Mahaifiyar tana ciyar da shi da madara na tsawon watanni 6, tana kiyayewa da kariya daga kowane irin makiya. A cikin watan farko na rayuwa, dabbobin dolphin ba sa yin bacci kwata-kwata kuma ana tilasta wa uwa kallon halayensu ba dare ba rana, suna kula da lafiyar ɗiyanta.
Abokan gaba na dabbobin dolphins masu haske
Photo: Farin-fushin kifayen daga Littafin Ja
Babban tushen barazanar dolphin fari mai fuska shine mutane, rayuwar su da hanyoyin kamun su. Babban illa ga yawan kifayen dolphin yana faruwa ne ta hanyar hayakin masana'antun da ke gurɓatar da sinadarai masu guba, wanda galibi ma'abota rashin kulawa ke zubar da su kai tsaye cikin teku.
Dabba mai salama, babba kuma mai aiki da kusan babu abokan gaba na zahiri. Wasu dabbobi masu shayarwa suna mutuwa, suna fadawa cikin ragar kamun kifi tare da kifi. Sharks na iya kai wa dolphin jariri hari, suna ƙoƙari su doke jaririn daga uwarsu kuma su ci naman dabbar dolphin. Amma irin waɗannan ƙoƙarin ba safai ake cin nasara da nasara ba, tunda dabbar dolfin tana iya ba da martanin da ya dace ga kowane maƙiyi, kuma danginsa ba za su kasance ba ruwansu ba kuma za su taimaka cikin gwagwarmayar da ba ta dace ba.
Duk da cewa kifayen dolphin basa karkashin kamun kifi kuma ba a kamasu da yawa, a wasu kasashen an yarda a kamo wadannan dabbobin don amfaninsu a gaba a masana'antar abinci da kuma kasuwanci.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Hoto: Fuskar dolphin mai fuskar fari a cikin teku
Ba a san takamaiman adadin dolphin masu fararen fata da ke rayuwa a cikin teku da tekunan duniya ba. Yawan jama'ar kusan mutane dubu 200-300 ne. Fuskar dolphin mai fuska fari yawanci tana rayuwa a cikin yankuna masu zuwa:
- a Arewacin Atlantika;
- a cikin gabar tekun Davis Strait da Cape Cod;
- a cikin Tekun Barents da Baltic;
- a kudu na gabar tekun Fotigal;
- samu a Turkiyya da ruwan tekun Kirimiya.
Wakilan manya na jinsunan masu fararen fata suna cikin daidaitaccen matsayi. An lissafa kifayen da suka yi fari da fari a cikin Littafin Ja a matsayin abu mai ɗorewa da ɗan ƙaramin nazari game da yanayin halitta wanda ke buƙatar kariya da kariya.
Adana fararen dolphins masu fararen fata
Hoto: Fuskar dabbar dolfin a Rasha
Kwanan nan, a karnin da ya gabata, ana farautar dolphins sosai. An hallaka su a duk cikin mazauninsu. Wannan ya haifar da lalata nau'ikan nau'ikan waɗannan dabbobin na musamman. A yau, tarko ba ana aiwatar da shi ne don dalilai na masana'antu ko na abinci ba, amma don a ci gaba da kasancewa cikin kamuwa.
Animalswararrun dabbobi masu fasaha suna iya shirya wasan kwaikwayo gaba ɗaya, suna ba yara da manya dariya tare da halaye na zaman lafiya da fara'a. Amma a cikin bauta, dolphins ba za su iya rayuwa tsawon rai ba, kawai shekaru 5-7 ne, kodayake a cikin yanayin suna rayuwa har zuwa shekaru 30.
Yawancin dalilai masu mahimmanci suna shafar raguwar rayuwar dabbar dolphin:
- ƙananan aiki na dabba;
- iyakantaccen wurin waha;
- rashin daidaitaccen abinci.
Sadarwa tare da irin waɗannan dabbobi masu zaman lafiya da ban sha'awa kamar dolphins na iya zama ba mai ban sha'awa bane kawai, amma har ma da lada.
A yau, ana gudanar da dukkan nau'ikan gwaje-gwaje masu ban sha'awa da nasara don warkar da autism na ƙuruciya, cututtukan ƙwaƙwalwa da sauran cututtukan hankali ta hanyar sadarwa tare da dabbobin dolphins. A yayin aiwatar da sadarwa tsakanin dabba da yaro mara lafiya, inganta daidaituwa da haɓaka yanayin halayyar jariri suna faruwa.
Da fatan nan gaba kadan farin kifayen dolphin ba za ta zama nau'in dabbobi masu saurin haɗuwa ba, zai faranta wa yara da manya rai tare da wasannin nishaɗi da halaye na ban dariya.
Ranar bugawa: 11.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 09/16/2019 da karfe 14:50
