Mai kyau lamba jarumi ne na yawan zane-zane da tatsuniyoyi. Kyakkyawar fitowar sa ta san mu tun muna yara. Ga mutane da yawa, yana kama da fata mai laushi da kirki. A zahiri, bashi da lahani sosai kuma zai iya ɗaukar nauyin kansa da badger dangin sa.
Kuma gidajen badger suna da kyau kawai. Na dangin weasel ne, umarnin badger, kuma ana masa kallon mai farauta. Ganawa tare da badger abu ne mai wuya, kodayake yankin rarrabawa ya isa sosai, kuma wannan dabbar tana da halaye na musamman.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Hotuna: Badger
Kamar yadda aka riga aka ambata, badger memba ne na dangin shahidai, yana da na dabbobi masu shayarwa daga jinsin badgers. Marten ko marten suna wakiltar rukuni na masu farauta. Wannan dangin suna da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'i - fiye da hamsin. Don haka ya hada da: ferret, otter, mink, wolverine, marten kuma, ba shakka, badger. Suna daidaitawa daidai da wuraren zama daban-daban, saboda haka ana samun su a kusan dukkanin kusurwar duniya.
Ga masu farauta, su kanana ne, akwai kuma wadanda ba su da yawa. Tsawon jiki ya bambanta daga 11 cm (weasel) zuwa mita ɗaya da rabi (otter sea). Jiki yawanci yana da kyau kuma yana da tsayi, kodayake akwai manyan wakilai (wolverine da badger).
Amma ga badgers musamman, akwai nau'ikan da yawa daga cikinsu:
- Badger na Asiya;
- Badger na Japan;
- Badger na Turai (na kowa);
- Badger na Amurka.
Dukansu sun bambanta da juna ba kawai a cikin mazauninsu ba, amma a cikin launin gashinsu, wasu halaye da sifofin waje. A Rasha, badger na yau da kullun (Bature) yana da izinin zama na dindindin, bayyanar kyawawan halaye sananne ga mutane da yawa.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Hoto: lambar dabba
Dangane da yawan iyalinta, lambar tana da girma da girma. Tsawon jikinsa na iya zuwa mita daya. Wutsiya tana da kusan 25 cm tsayi. Maza sun fi mata girma. Badger din ba shi da kyau, saboda jikinsa yana da sifa iri-iri, wacce ke kunshe da bakin fuska, kuma tana da tushe mai fadi a baya. Yana da cikakkiyar wadataccen abinci kuma mai ƙarfi, musamman a lokacin bazara, lokacin da yake samun ƙiba, yana shirin shiga cikin hirar. Nauyin badger yawanci kusan kilogiram 24 ne, kuma kafin lokacin sanyi ya kai kilogiram 34. Kan badger yana da tsayi, kunnuwan kanana ne, masu zagaye.
A gindin wutsiyar badgers sune glandon tsuliya, wadanda ke fitar da wani kamshi da kuma wani kamshi na musamman. Yana taimaka wa dabbobi su nemi fellowan uwansu 'yan kabilu kuma su sami yaren gama gari da su. Gajerun kafafu masu karfi wadanda suke da dogayen fika suna taimaka masa ya tona ramuka masu zurfi, wanda galibi ya zama biranen da ke karkashin kasa. Molar na badgers suna da ƙarfi sosai tare da shimfidar ƙasa, godiya garesu, zai iya jimre da kowane irin abinci mara kyau, yana nika shi tare da su kamar dutsen niƙa.
Bidiyo: Badger
A jikin da jela, murfin badger yana da tsayi sosai, amma mara kyau kuma yayi kama da bristles. Gajeru da taushi a kafafu da kuma a yankin kai. Akwai tufafi mai dumi da taushi a ƙarƙashin dogon, fur mai laushi. Launin rigar badger daga launin toka zuwa launin ruwan kasa, Jawo galibi yana da shelar azurfa. A ƙasa da badger yana da duhu, kusan baƙi. A cikin nau'ikan daban, launi na iya canzawa, ya dogara da mazaunin. Badger na yau da kullun yana da kyau kuma baƙon abu tare da launinsa.
A kan karamar fuskar fari, akwai ratsi-fadi masu fadi iri biyu masu duhu, wadanda suke zuwa daga hanci zuwa kunnuwa masu kyau tare da farin gogewa. Waɗannan raƙuman suna da ƙananan idanun duhu masu ƙyalƙyali waɗanda ke ba dabba kyakkyawa da ɗabi'a mai kyau. A watannin hunturu, launin badger ya fi haske, kuma a lokacin bazara ya fi duhu da haske. Dabbobin suna ci gaba da narkewa a duk lokacin bazara, kuma zuwa kaka sabuwar kyakkyawar fur mai kyau tana fara girma.
A ina ne badger yake zama?
Photo: Badger a cikin gandun daji
Kabilar badger ta yadu ko'ina cikin Duniya. Badger yana zaune kusan duk Turai banda arewacin Finland da Scandinavia, saboda ƙasa tana yin daskarewa sosai a waɗannan yankuna. Wannan dabbar kuma ta zauna a cikin Transcaucasus, a cikin yankuna na Asiya orarama da Asiya orarama, a cikin Caucasus. Badger yana son abin da yake a dazuzzuka da yawa, yana iya zama a wuraren tsaunuka, da kuma cikin tudu, har ma da hamada. Badger yana zaɓar wurare kusa da ruwa, babban abu shine cewa waɗannan yankuna basu fuskantar ambaliyar bazara, koyaushe suna bushe.
Burrow din da ya fi so burke shi ne mafaka da gida mai dadi, inda yake dadewa a ciki. Dabbar ta fi son gina matsuguninta a gefen rafin koguna da tabkuna, a kan tsaunuka daban-daban.
Badger na kowa daidaito ne kuma mai ra'ayin mazan jiya ne, don haka burrow dinsa na iya zama mazaunin iyalai fiye da ɗaya, yana wucewa ga tsara mai zuwa ta hanyar gado. Badger, kamar mashahurin maigidan sarki ne, ya ba wa zuriyarsa manyan filayensa, zurfafawa da kyawawan abubuwan mallaka, waɗanda aka tsara su kuma suka inganta a tsawon shekaru.
A wuraren da babu ƙarancin abinci, iyalai mabambanta na iya zama tare, suna haɗa kabarinsu ta hanyoyin da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa. Ya zama cikakkiyar ɗakin kwanan dalibai, wanda ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa na iya faɗaɗawa a kan wani babban yanki, tare da samar da dukkanin masarautun karkashin ƙasa inda badgers suke rayuwa da mulki. Irin waɗannan labyrinth na ƙasa suna da tsari mai ɗimbin yawa tare da adadi masu yawa na shiga da fita da kuma hanyoyin buɗe iska iri-iri.
A cikin farfajiyoyi masu duhu, zaku iya samun ɗakunan gida fiye da ɗaya, waɗanda aka yi su zurfin (mita biyar ko fiye da ƙasa), suna da kyau sosai, suna da daɗi, koyaushe an rufe su da ciyawar bushe. Wadannan yankuna nest ba su da damar yin ruwan sha. Yana da kyau a lura cewa akwai wasu lambobin sirri da ke rayuwa a cikin kananan ƙananan ramuka.
Badger din yana da matukar tattalin arziki kuma yana da tsari, koyaushe yana kiyaye tsari a gidansa, yana zubar da shara koyaushe kuma yana canza shara zuwa sabo. Har ma yana fitar da gidan wanka a wajen yankin kabarinsa, ko kuma keɓe masa daki na musamman don shi. A cikin ramukan akwai kuma wasu ɗakunan da ake buƙata don iyali. Ya kamata mutane da yawa su koyi tsabta da kauna don tsabta da ta'aziyya, kamar badger.
Me baja ta ci?
Photo: Badger a cikin yanayi
Badger yana aiki sosai da daddare, kamar linzamin bege, kodayake yana iya fara farauta kafin duhu ya ci gaba da shi yayin wayewar gari. Ana iya kiran sa mai komai, amma har yanzu ya fi son abincin dabbobi. Badger yana son cin ƙananan beraye, kwadi, ƙadangare. Hakanan baya kyamar tsuntsaye, yana cin kansu ba kadai ba, har ma da kwai daga gidajen. Badger yana son kashe tsutsa ta hanyar cin tsutsar ciki, tsutsa iri daban-daban, kowane irin kwari, mollusks, slugs, da katantanwa.
Badger har ma yana cin wasu macizai masu dafi, gubarsu ba ta da hadari a gare shi, saboda dabba tana da kariya daga gare ta. Idan kun yi sa'a, to wannan mafaraucin na iya jan ƙananan zomaye, waɗanda shi ma yake so. Abincin shuka gareshi shima shine tushen abinci. Kullum yana ciye-ciye akan 'ya'yan itace, kwayoyi, namomin kaza, ciyawa, saiwoyi daga ƙasa kuma yana ciyar da iri iri iri. Suna son ziyarci badgers da kuma noman ƙasar kusa da inda aka tura su. Daga cikin shuke-shuke da aka noma, suna ba da fifikon masararsu da legan hatsi iri-iri.
Yayin fitowar dare, badger yakan yi tafiya mai nisa, yana bincika kututtukan itacen da aka sare don neman tsutsotsi da ya fi so da sauran kwari.
Zai iya samun kwadi guda 70 da fiye da ɗari na kowane irin kwari a dare ɗaya. Don lokacin yau da kullun, g 500 kawai na abinci ya ishe shi. Lokacin da kaka ta gabato, yana cin abinci, yana shan abinci da yawa, saboda yawan kiba ya taimaka wajan tsira da kwanciyar hankali, ya manta kansa a cikin wani kyakkyawan mafarki.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Hotuna: Badger
Don daidaita kamannin sa mai kyau, halaye da halaye na badger ya zama kyakkyawa. Badger na kowa bashi da ikon zalunci kwata-kwata. Bayan ya haɗu da babban mai farauta, ko mutum, yana ƙoƙari ya bar cikin Turanci, yana ɓuya a cikin ramin jin daɗin sa. Kololuwar aikin badger yana faruwa da dare yayin farauta. Da kansa, yana yawan surutu, zaka iya jin sautin sautinsa da sauran sautunan ban dariya, ka ga tafiyar sa cikin nutsuwa da dariya.
Badgers ba su da sa'a idanunsu - suna da rauni sosai, amma hanci bai kunyata ba. Badger yana da kamshi mai kamshi, jin kuma karbabbe ne, godiya ga wannan, yana saurin tafiya da dare. An riga an faɗi cewa badger yana da kyakkyawar dabi'a, amma idan ba za ku iya tserewa daga maƙaryacin ba a lokaci ɗaya, zai iya yin fushi ya cije shi, ya buge shi da dogon hancinsa, sannan kawai zai yi ƙoƙarin yin duk ƙoƙari don ɓoyewa da wuri-wuri.
Ana iya lura da shi da tabbaci cewa halin badger yana da nutsuwa. Shi kansa ba zai taba zama farkon wanda zai nemi matsala ba. Halin waɗannan dabbobi yana da abokantaka sosai. Badger yana son zama ba shi kaɗai ba, amma tare da danginsa. Suna jagorancin rayuwa mara kyau, suna masu girmama raminsu, wanda ba za su taɓa barin shi ba, sai dai in akwai kyawawan dalilai na hakan. Irin wannan wurin zama a matsayin gida na tsararraki da yawa, babban abin shine akwai wadataccen abinci da ruwa. Dole ne a kara da cewa badgers ne kawai wadanda ke hibernate a cikin dangin shahidan don hunturu, kamar ainihin beyar.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Photo: Baby badger
Badgers suna da aure a dabi'ance. Kasancewa sun haɗu biyu-biyu, zasu iya zama tare daga shekaru masu yawa zuwa ƙarshen kwanakin su. Mace tana balaga da shekaru biyu, kuma namiji ya fi kusa da shekaru uku. Ga nau'ikan daban-daban, lokacin kiwo yana faruwa a lokuta daban-daban. A cikin badgers na Turai, lokacin saduwa yakan kasance daga ƙarshen hunturu zuwa Satumba. Wani fasali mai ban sha'awa na waɗannan dabbobin ana ɗaukarsu azaman lokacin ƙarancin ciki. Zai iya wucewa tsawon watanni 9-14, duk ya dogara da lokacin haɗuwa.
Yaushe, a ƙarshe, wannan mawuyacin lokacin ga mace ya ƙare, daga bajzai 2 zuwa 6 aka haifa. A cikin ƙasarmu, wannan yana faruwa daga Maris zuwa Afrilu. Badananan bajamai ba su dace da rayuwa ba - sun kasance makaho ne kwata-kwata kuma ba sa jin komai kwata-kwata. Da wata daya da rabi kawai, jinsu ya dawo daidai, kuma suka zama masu gani. Har kusan watanni uku da haihuwa, suna shan nono daga mahaifiyarsu.
Ba da daɗewa ba, yaran da suka manyanta sun fara fita daga burkinsu kuma sun fara ciyar da kansu. Lokacin da badgers suka cika watanni shida, girman su kusan yana daidai da dabbobi manya. Lokacin da kaka tazo, kowane bajamushe yakan fara sabuwar rayuwarsa. A cikin yanayin daji na daji, badger yana rayuwa ne daga shekaru 10 zuwa 12, kuma a cikin fursuna - har zuwa shekaru 16.
Abokan gaba na badger
Hoto: lambar dabba
Badger yana rayuwa cikin nutsuwa da kwanciyar hankali, don haka kusan bashi da abokan gaba a cikin daji. Lynxes masu yunwa, kerkeci, da wuya beyar na iya haifar da haɗari ga dabba. Wani lokaci yakan hadu da fasikai tare da karnuka da karnuka. A wasu lokuta da ba safai ba, karnuka da suka ɓata na iya yi masa barazana.
Babban makiyin shi mutum ne. Yawancin iyalai badger suna mutuwa yayin da mutum ya canza yanayin yanayin wuraren da suke zaune. Hakanan, mutane na iya kashe badgers saboda lalacewar amfanin gonarsu, kodayake bashi da mahimmanci. Badger mai ƙima yana da mahimmanci a magani, saboda shi ake farautar bajakolin. A lokacin sa, yawanci burges na badgers galibi ana lalata su, kuma wannan yana haifar da mutuwar ba dabba ɗaya ba, amma, galibi, iyalai da yawa.
Takaitawa, zaku iya lissafa makiyan magidancin masu zuwa:
- kerkeci;
- lynx;
- fox;
- kare raccoon;
- Karen ruwan kasa;
- kare na yau da kullun;
- mutum.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Photo: Badger a cikin gandun daji
Ba a barazanar yawan badger a halin yanzu. An rarraba su sosai kusan ko'ina cikin duniya. Babu wata babbar barazana ga rayuwarsu a yau. Kodayake an rubuta badger a cikin Littafin Ja, akwai shi a matsayin jinsin da ke da ƙaramar barazanar bacewa daga fuskar Duniya. Wannan yana nuna cewa ko'ina ne, kuma yawan adadin waɗannan dabbobin suna da karko sosai, ba a lura da tsalle-tsalle a cikin raguwar ba. Kodayake a waɗancan wuraren da ake noma ƙasar noma sosai, yawan badgers ya ragu ƙwarai.
Jawo daga waɗannan dabbobin ba shi da matuƙar sha'awa ga mutane, saboda yana da ladabi sosai. Ana yin goge don zane. Amma da nufin samun kitsen badger, kisan gilla da farautar farauta a wasu yankuna suna gudana. Koyaya, babu wani mawuyacin hali don damuwa game da lambobin lamba.
A ƙarshe, Ina so in ƙara cewa irin wannan dabba mai ban sha'awa a matsayin badger ana iya danganta shi ga masu gajiyawa da jujjuyawar yanayin duniyar dabbobin daji. Manya-manyan biranen burgers wadanda badgers ke shiryawa yana shafar yanayin ƙasa da duk mazaunan ta. A wuraren da yake zaune lamba, har ma da wasu nau'ikan tsire-tsire na iya tashi waɗanda ba su taɓa girma a can ba. Bakin ramuka na badger suna zama amintaccen tsari da gida mai kyau ga sauran dabbobi. Bugu da kari, mutum ba zai iya kasancewa ba ruwansa da wannan kyakkyawar dabba, wanda kamanninta ke haifar da murmushi, jin daɗi da taushi.
Ranar bugawa: 04.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 16.09.2019 a 17:08
