Kifin Whale yana rayuwarsa a cikin ruwan sanyi mai sanyi. Ya fasa buɗe kankara mai tsawon santimita 30 tare da busa ƙaho. Nitsar da ruwa a karkashin ruwa na mintina 40 kuma zuwa zurfin kilomita 3.5. Da'awar su zama mafi dadewa masu shayarwa: wasu mutane sun rayu sama da shekaru 100! Ya shiga cikin almara ne a matsayin samfuri na halin Miracle Yudo Kifi-Whale. Kusan komai ne game da kifin baka.
Asalin jinsin da bayanin
Kifin kifin baka yana da sunaye da yawa: iyakacin duniya ko gashin baki. Ya kasance daga mai ƙananan haƙori kuma ya zama jinsin jinsin. Whales sun wanzu a duniya sama da shekaru miliyan 50 kuma ana musu kallon tsoffin mazaunan Duniya. Cetaceans suna cikin aji na dabbobi masu shayarwa, kuma dabbobin ƙasa sune kakanninsu.
Ana nuna wannan ta waɗannan alamu:
- da bukatar shan iska tare da huhun ka;
- kamannin ƙasusuwa na fika-fikan ƙwayoyin cetaceans da ƙasusuwa na sassan wata dabba ta ƙasa;
- Motsawar wutsiya a tsaye da jujjuyawar kashin baya suna kama da gudanar da dabba mai shayarwa maimakon wasan kifi a kwance
Gaskiya ne, babu wani juzu'i guda game da wane dabba na zamanin da ya kasance magabata. A yau, akwai nau'ikan da yawa na asalin baleen cetacean:
- wasu nazarin masana kimiyya sun tabbatar da alaƙar da ke tsakanin kifin whales da artiodactyls, musamman tare da hippos.
- wasu masu binciken sun sami kamanceceniya tsakanin whales da tsofaffin kifayen Pakistan ko pakicets. Sun kasance dabbobi masu shayarwa kuma sun sami abinci a cikin ruwa. Mai yiwuwa, saboda waɗannan dalilai, jiki ya rikide ya zama amphibian sannan kuma ya zama wurin zama na ruwa.
- wata mahangar ta tabbatar da asalin kifayen daga dabbobin daji na yankin Mesonichia. Sun kasance kamar halittun kerkeci masu kofato kamar shanu. Mafarauta kuma sun yi farauta a cikin ruwa. Saboda menene, jikinsu ya sami canje-canje kuma ya dace da ruwan sosai.
Bayyanar abubuwa da fasali
Bowhead, bayan kifi whale da shuɗin whale, shine nauyi na uku a duniya. Nauyinsa ya kai tan 100. Tsawon jikin mace ya kai mita 18, kuma maza har zuwa mita 17. Launin launin toka mai duhu na dabba ya bambanta da hasken da ke ƙasa da ƙananan muƙamuƙi. Wannan halaye ne da ke rarrabe kifin wlale daga takwarorinsu.
Wani fasalin tsarin shine girman jaws. Su ne mafi girma a tsakanin dabbobi da dabbobi. Bakin yana sama kan kai. Jawananan muƙamuƙin yana zuwa gaba kaɗan kuma ya fi girma girma fiye da na sama. A kansa akwai raƙuman whale - gabobin taɓawa. Sun kasance sirara kuma dogaye - mita 3-4.5 kowannensu. Akwai farantin kashi sama da 300 a cikin bakin. Suna taimakawa whales cikin nasara bincika tarin plankton.
Kan yana ɗaya bisa uku na duka tsawon kifin whale. Tsarin har ma yana nuna wani irin wuya. A kan kambin babban kifin akwai hucin busa - waɗannan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan hanci ne biyu. Ta hanyar su, kifayen teku ke tura maɓuɓɓugan ruwa masu tsayin mita. Thearfin jet ɗin yana da iko mai ban mamaki kuma yana iya ratsa ta cikin ƙanƙarar 30 cm mai kauri. Babu shakka, zafin jikinsu yana tsakanin digiri 36 zuwa 40. Layerarfin ƙananan kitse mai rabin mita yana taimaka wajan jimre wa matsi yayin ruwa da kiyaye yanayin zafin jiki na yau da kullun. Masu karɓar ɗanɗano, kamar ma'anar ƙamshi, ba su ci gaba ba, sabili da haka dabbobi ba za su iya rarrabe mai daɗi, ɗaci, ɗanɗano mai ɗaci da ƙanshi ba.
Gani yana da rauni da hangen nesa. Ana samun ƙananan idanu, waɗanda aka lulluɓe da laushi mai laushi, kusa da kusurwoyin bakin. Auricles ba su nan, amma jin yana da kyau. Ga kifayen teku, wannan mahimmin gabar ne. Kunnen ciki yana rarrabewa tsakanin raƙuman sauti mai faɗi-har ma da duban dan tayi. Sabili da haka, kifayen teku suna daidaitacce a zurfin. Suna da ikon tantance nisan wuri da wuri.
Jikin katuwar "dodo" ya daidaita kuma ba tare da ci gaba ba. Sabili da haka, ɓawon burodi da ƙosisi ba sa iya shawo kan kifin Whales. "Masu binciken iyakacin duniya" ba su da cin tara a bayansu, amma suna da ƙege a gefuna da wutsiya mai ƙarfi. Zuciyar rabin sautin ta kai girman mota. Whales a kai a kai suna share nitrogen daga huhu. Don yin wannan, suna sakin jiragen sama na ruwa ta cikin ɓarayin ɓaɓɓake. Wannan shine yadda kifin mustashio yake shan iska.
A ina whale baka yake rayuwa?
Ruwan polar na duniya shine gida ɗaya don kifayen kifin baka. Da zarar sun rayu a cikin dukkanin ruwan arewacin duniya. Adadin babban tsuntsayen ruwa sau da yawa yana hana motsi na jiragen ruwa. Musamman a lokacin hunturu, lokacin da kifayen ruwa suka dawo yankin bakin teku. Ya ɗauki matuƙan jirgin ruwan motsawa tsakanin su.
Koyaya, a cikin karnin da ya gabata, yawan kifayen kifayen baka sun ragu sosai. Yanzu akwai kusan mutane 1000 a Arewacin Atlantika, wani 7000 a arewacin ruwan Tekun Pacific. Yanayin mummunan wuri, mai saurin mutuwa ya sa kusan ba zai yiwu a yi bincike sosai game da kifayen ba.
Dabbobi masu shayarwa suna yin ƙaura koyaushe saboda ƙanƙarar kankara da yanayin zafi. Gattai masu yawan gashin-baki suna son tsarkakakkun ruwa kuma suna motsawa daga kankara, suna ƙoƙari kada suyi iyo a yanayin zafi ƙasa da digiri 45. Ya faru cewa, shimfida hanya, Whale dole ne su buɗe ƙananan kankara. A yanayi na musamman, tare da barazanar rayuwa, dusar kankara na taimakawa "masu binciken iyakacin duniya" don kame kansu.
Mene ne kifin kifin kifi yake ci?
Saboda girman ban mamaki, a al'adance ana kiran dabbobi masu shayarwa a matsayin masu cin nama. Koyaya, Kifin whale yana cin abinci iri ɗaya - musamman ta plankton, mollusks da crustaceans. Wata dabba, tana malala a cikin ruwa tare da buɗe baki, ta haɗiye shi. Filin da aka tace da ƙananan ƙananan ɓawon burodi sun kasance a kan faranti. Sannan sai a cire abincin da harshe a hadiye shi.
Whale yana tace abubuwa kusan dubu 50 a cikin minti daya. Don samun abinci mai kyau, babban mutum dole ne ya ci tank biyu na plankton kowace rana. Kattai na ruwa suna tara wadataccen mai ta faduwa. Wannan yana taimaka wa dabbobi kada su mutu da yunwa kuma su wuce har zuwa bazara. Kifayen Kifayen Ruwa sun taru a cikin ƙananan garken mutane 14. A cikin rukuni mai siffa na V, suna ƙaura ta hanyar tace ruwan.
Fasali na ɗabi'a da salon rayuwa
Kifayen Kifin Whale na iya nutsuwa zuwa zurfin mita 200 ba tare da yin motsi na mintina 40 ba. Sau da yawa, ba dole ba, dabbar ba ta nitsewa sosai kuma tana cikin ruwa har tsawon minti 15. Doguwar nutsewa, har zuwa minti 60, kawai mutanen da suka ji rauni ne za su iya aiwatarwa.
An bayyana lokuta lokacin da masu bincike suka ga kifayen barci. A cikin yanayin bacci, suna kwance akan farfajiyar. Launin mai yana ba ka damar zama a kan ruwa. Jiki a hankali yana nitsewa cikin zurfin ciki. Bayan ya kai wani matakin, dabba mai shayarwa ta bugu da sauri tare da babbar wutsiyarsa kuma kifin ya sake farfaɗowa zuwa farfajiyar.
Yana da wuya a ga manyan ƙattai na tsalle daga cikin ruwa. A baya can, suna kada fuka-fukansu suna ɗaga jelarsu a tsaye, suna yin tsalle guda. Sannan kai da wani sashi na jiki suna bullowa, sannan sai kifin baleen ya juya sosai a gefensa ya buga ruwan. Surfing yana faruwa a lokacin ƙaura a cikin bazara, kuma dabbobi dabbobi a wannan lokacin suna son yin wasa da abubuwa a cikin ruwa.
Whales na Polar ba sa iyo a wuri ɗaya kuma suna ƙaura koyaushe: a lokacin rani suna iyo zuwa ruwan arewacin, kuma a lokacin sanyi suna komawa yankin bakin teku. Tsarin ƙaura yana faruwa a cikin tsari: makaranta an gina ƙungiyar kuma saboda haka yana haɓaka yawan farautar. Garken kuwa garkensu da zaran sun iso. Wasu mutane sun fi son yin iyo su kaɗai, wasu kuma sukan shiga cikin ƙananan garken.
Tsarin zamantakewa da haifuwa
Yayin tafiyar ƙaura zuwa bazara-kaka, an raba dabbobin ni'ima zuwa gida uku: manya, yara, da waɗanda ba su balaga ba suna taro dabam. Da farkon bazara, kifayen kifin baka suna ƙaura zuwa ruwan arewacin. A cikin nazarin halayyar kifayen teku, an lura cewa mata da maruƙa suna da damar da za su ci da farko. Sauran rukunin suna jere a bayansu.
Lokacin saduwa shine lokacin bazara da lokacin bazara. Farauta tsakanin Whale ya banbanta da soyayya:
- abokan tarayya suna tawaye da kansu;
- yi tsalle daga cikin ruwa;
- runguma da bugun juna da fikafikan juna;
- suna fitar da sautunan "nishi" tare da busawa;
- maza masu auren mata da yawa kuma suna jan hankalin mata da waƙoƙin da aka tsara, suna sabunta “repertoire” ɗinsu daga saduwa zuwa sha’awa.
Haihuwar haihuwa, kamar saduwa, ana faruwa a lokaci guda na shekara. Wan kifin whale ya ƙyanƙyashe shekara kusan kawai. Mace na haihuwa sau daya kawai a cikin shekaru uku. An haifi jarirai a cikin ruwan sanyi kuma suna rayuwa a cikin ruwa mai ƙanƙantar Arewa. Wannan ya sa ya zama da wahala sosai nazarin rayuwar sabuwar haihuwar whales.
Sananne ne cewa an haifi mahaifa har tsawon mita 5. Nan da nan uwar ta tura shi sama don shakar iska. Ana haihuwar jariran Whale tare da cikakken mai na 15 cm na mai, wanda ke taimaka wa jaririn ya rayu cikin ruwan sanyi. A rana ta farko daga haihuwa, jaririn zai sami sama da lita 100 na abincin uwa.
Madarar uwa-whale tana da kauri sosai - mai nauyin 50% kuma yana dauke da furotin. Tsawon shekara guda na shayarwa, zagaye, kamar ganga, kyanwa za ta miƙa har zuwa mita 15 kuma ta sami nauyi har zuwa tan 50-60. Mace za ta shayarwa har tsawon watanni goma sha biyu na farko. A hankali, mahaifiyarsa za ta koya masa yadda ake girbin katako da kansa.
Bayan shayarwa, thean farin yana iyo tare da mahaifiyarsa na wasu shekaru. Mata masu ƙirar ƙirar baka suna kula da ɗiyansu. Ba wai kawai ana ciyar dasu ba na dogon lokaci, amma kuma suna kare karfi daga makiya. Whale mai kashewa za ta sami mummunan rauni daga ƙarshen whale na pola idan ta yi ƙoƙari ta shiga rayuwar yaron.
Abokan gaba na ƙirar ƙirar baka
Saboda girman jikin, babu wanda ya tokare da kwanciyar hankalin kifayen kifayen kifayen. Yana da wuya a yi tunanin cewa manyan dabbobi suna da kunya. Idan kifin kifin ya zauna a bayansa, nan take whale zai nitse a ƙarƙashin ruwa. Kuma zai fito ne kawai lokacin da tsuntsayen suka tashi.
Hakanan, manyan kifaye na pola sun saba da tsari daga hatsarin da ke karkashin kankara. Lokacin da ruwan teku ya daskare, kifayen kifin kifin baka za su fara iyo a ƙarƙashin kankara. Don rayuwa, suna huda ramuka a cikin kankara don numfashi kuma ya zama gagararre ga masu lalata.
Haɗarin kawai shine mai kashe whales, ko kifin whale. Suna farautar kifi ɗaya a cikin babban garken mutane 30-40. Bincike kan kifin whale na arewa ya nuna cewa na uku yana da waƙoƙi daga yaƙi da kifayen kifayen. Koyaya, hare-haren whale masu kisa ba su dace da cutarwar daga mutane ba.
Yawan jama'a da matsayin jinsin
Mutum shine babban abokin gaba da rashin jinƙai na kifin whale na arewa. Mutane sun halaka whales saboda yawan gashin baki, tan na nama da mai. Eskimos da Chukchi sun yi farautar dabbobin daji tsawon shekaru. Wasannin farauta sun kasance cikin zane-zanen dutsen. Anyi amfani da bangarori daban daban na jikin dabbobi masu shayarwa don abinci, a gina gidaje, da kuma samar da mai da kayan aiki.
Farautar manyan ƙattai a cikin teku ya zama gama gari a ƙarni na 17. Dabba mai kasala da wauta yana da sauƙin kamawa a kan jirgi mai ƙarancin ruwa tare da oars. A zamanin da, ana farautar whale da mashi da garayu. Mataccen kifin Whale ba ya nutsar da ruwa, yana sauƙaƙa farautar sa. A karni na ashirin, masana'antar kifayen whale sun hallaka wannan nau'in har zuwa dab da karewa. Tunanin kyaftin din wani jirgi da ya tashi zuwa Spitsbergen a cikin karni na 17 ya sauko mana. Adadin waɗannan kifayen whale sun kasance kamar yadda jirgin ya "yi hanyarsa" a kan ƙattai ɗin da ke wasa a cikin ruwa.
A yau, masana kimiyya sun tabbata cewa ba sauran fiye da dubu goma sha ɗaya a duniya. A cikin 1935, an sanya takunkumi kan kama kifin whale. Farauta ta zama takaitacciya iyaka. A cikin shekaru 70, an yarda da dabba mai shayarwa a matsayin jinsin da ke cikin hatsari, ya shiga littafin Red Book karkashin kariyar doka. Jama'a a Arewacin Atlantika da Tekun Okhotsk suna cikin barazanar hallaka gaba ɗaya. Garken Bering-Chukchi na cikin rukuni na uku na rashin kaifin rai.
Kariyar kifin Whale
Kare yawan jama'a da nufin rage ko hana farauta kwata-kwata. Mazauna yankin - Eskimos da Chukchi - suna da 'yancin kashe mutum ɗaya a cikin shekaru biyu. Whale na Arewa suna buƙatar ingantattun hanyoyin kiyayewa da nazarin mahalli. Yawan mutane yana da saurin - mata na haihuwar ɗa daya duk shekara uku zuwa bakwai. An yi imanin cewa Whale sun daidaita lambobin su, amma a ƙananan matakin.
Kifin Whale - dabba mafi tsufa a doron ƙasa, mai ban mamaki a cikin girman girmanta. Ikon taɓawa don kulawa da abokan haɗin gwiwa da dabbobi masu shayarwa suna fitarwa daga dabbobi masu shayarwa. Kamar yadda yake koyaushe, 'yan Adam suna tsangwama tare da tsarin halittu. Kashewar whale na arewa mara tunani ya haifar da gaskiyar cewa Duniya na iya rasa wani nau'in halittun na daban.
Ranar bugawa: 02.02.2019
Ranar sabuntawa: 21.06.2020 a 11:42
